全国统考2021高考英语一轮复习第1编话题六Book2Unit3Computers课时作业含解析.doc

1、Unit 3 Computers课时作业.完形填空Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts _1_ our protective blanket on _2_. Light gets through, and this is essential _3_ plants to make the food which we _4_. Heat, _5_， mak

2、es our environment tolerable and some ultraviolet (紫外线的) rays penetrate the _6_. Cosmic (宇宙的) rays of various kinds come _7_ the air from outer space, but _8_ quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. _9_ men leave the atmosphere they are _10_ to this radiation, _11_ their spacesuits or

3、 the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, _12_ prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in _13_. Doses of radiation are measured in _14_ called “rem (雷姆)”. We all _15_ radiation here on earth from the sun，from cosmic rays and from radioactive m

4、inerals. The “_16_” dose of radiation that we receive each year is about two millirems. It _17_ according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have the reason to think _18_ a man can _19_ far more radiation _20_ 0.1 rem without being damaged. The figure of 60 rems has bee

5、n agreed on.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。太阳和其他星体发出的射线对人类既有利又有弊，那么大气层对此又是如何起作用的呢？人们能承受的安全射线数是多少雷姆呢？1A.for Bwith Con Das答案：Dact as “充当，起作用”。句意：大气层又一次对我们起到防护的作用。2A.stars BsunCearth Dspace答案：C由上题可知，大气层起到对地球的防护作用，保护的应该是地球。故选C项。3A.with Bfrom Cunder Dfor答案：Dbe essential for “对来说是首要的/基础的”，为固定搭配。4A.use Blive Ceat Dget答案：C由

6、常识可知，植物依靠阳光来生长出我们吃的食物，故选C项。5A.again BalsoCbesides Dtoo答案：Dalso一般紧跟动词；besides一般用在句首；too可用在句中，用逗号隔开。此处指热量也使得我们的生活环境温度适宜。6A.environment Bspace CatmosphereDearth答案：C由第1空所在的句子可知，地球周围有大气防护层，因此推知这里紫外线穿透大气层。故选C项。7A.across Bto Cfrom Dthrough答案：D这里的come through相当于penetrate “穿透”。come across “偶遇”；come to “来到”；c

7、ome from “来自”。句意：各类来自外太空的宇宙射线穿透大气层。故选through。8A.valid Benormous Cvarious Dproper答案：B由空格前but表转折和句末的“are screened off (被隔开)”可判断此处意为大量的来自太阳的辐射被隔离掉了。valid “有效的”；various “各种各样的”；proper “合适的”。enormous “大量的”符合文意。9A.As soon as BAs well as CAs much asDAs possible as答案：Aas soon as “一就”。此处表述人一离开大气层就会接触到射线。故选A项

8、。10A.shown Bexposed Cfaced Dcovered答案：Bbe exposed to “暴露于”，符合语意。11A.but Bbecause Cso Dso that答案：A由空格前“人一离开大气层就会接触到射线，”及空格后“他们的太空服和太空船的外壁会阻止射线造成的损害。”可知前后应该是转折关系，故用but。12A.get Bmake Chave Ddo答案：D“do动词原形”结构强调谓语动词。13A.Mars Batmosphere Cspace Dplanet答案：C由Radiation和explorers可推测，应选space (太空)。句意：射线是探险者在太空中已

9、知的最大危险。14A.pieces Bunits Cparts Dsystems答案：B此处意为射线的剂量可用“雷姆”这个测量单位来测量，故选B项。15A.receive Baccept Cbring Dcatch答案：A由第16空所在句子中的“radiation that we receive each year”可知，此处表示受到辐射，故选A项。16A.conventionalBcommon Cgeneral Dnormal答案：D此处意为我们每年接受的正常辐射量大约为2毫雷姆。故选normal。17A.puzzles Bfloats Ccombines Dchanges答案：D句意：所处

10、地点不同，所能承受的正常的辐射量也不一样。故选D项。18A.what Bwhich Cthat Dwhy答案：C本句应填入引导宾语从句的连接词，而从句不缺少成分和语意，故选择that。19A.put up withBkeep up with Ccome up withDcatch up with答案：A此处意为人类可承受的辐射量。put up with “忍受”，符合语境。20A.from Bthan Cas Daway答案：B由空格前的“more”和空格后的“The figure of 60 rems”可知，应选than，表示“远超0.1雷姆的辐射量”。.阅读理解(2020广东省实验中学高三

11、上学期第一次考试)Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking

12、 peoples emails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The if it bleeds rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.

13、But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing wordofmouth communicationemails, Web posts and reviews, facetoface conversationsfound that it tended to be more positive than negative, but t

14、hat didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New Yo

15、rk Times website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most emailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than nonscience articles. He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this p

16、ositive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive

17、an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch on.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快得多。1What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? ANews reports. BPrivate emails. CResearch papers. DDaily conversations

18、.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The if it bleeds rule works for mass media”可知，这条经典的规则适用于大众媒体。故选A。2What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? ATheyre socially inactive. BTheyre good at telling stories. CTheyre careful with their words. DTheyre inconsiderate of others.答案：D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“you care a lot more

19、how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可推知，你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事的反应，你不想被当作一个“Debbie Downer”，说明Debbie Downer指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”。故选D。3Which tended to be the most emailed according to Dr Bergers research? AFinancial reviews. BScience articles. CPersonal accounts. DSports news.答案：B推

20、理判断题。根据第三段中的“One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than nonscience articles.”可推知，科技类的文章比非科技的文章更有可能被人们所探讨。故选B。4What can be a suitable title for the text? AOnline News Attracts More People BSad Stories Travel Far and Wide CGood News B

21、eats Bad on Social Networks DReading Habits Change with the Times答案：C主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“By tracking peoples emails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.”可知，本文讲述了好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；下面的内容对这个话题进行解释说明。因此推断C项“好消息在社交媒体上的传播速度打败坏消息”为最

22、佳标题。故选C。 (2019全国卷)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private espaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have c

23、ome up with a lowcost device (装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users

24、 typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require

25、a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used

26、 to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plasticlike parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.篇章导读：本文是一篇科研报道

27、。来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该用户是不是安全访客。5Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?ATo reduce pressure on keys.BTo improve accuracy in typing.CTo replace the password system.DTo cut the cost of espace protection.答案：D推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句以及第二段第一句可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。故选D。6What

28、 makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?AComputers are much easier to operate.BFingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.CTyping patterns vary from person to person.DData security measures are guaranteed.答案：C推理判断题。题干为“是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能”，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的“These patterns are unique

29、 to each person.Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities .”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客。故选C。7What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?AItll be environmentfriendly.BItll reach consumers soon.CItll be made of plastics.DItll help speed up typing.答案：B细节理

30、解题。根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话“该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场”。故选B。8Where is this text most likely from?AA diary. BA guidebook.CA novel. DA magazine.答案：D推理判断题。根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段第一句中的“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device .”，尤其是其中的关键词“Researchers” “lowcost devi

31、ce”等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。故选D。.短文改错(2019山东省枣庄八中月考)I have never been to a cooking school. I learned cooking from my mother because she was really interesting in teaching me how to cook. The main reason for this was because my mother didnt know how to cook something when she got married.My grandm

32、other never allowed her stay in the kitchen. At the age of 25, my mother started cooking, it was very hard for her. However, she had to take a few cooking class to prepare our meals. After having that experience, she decided to teach me how to cook.I remember I always helped out my mother when I was

33、 with her in the kitchen enjoy cooking. Nowadays, I am thankful to that experience.答案：I have never been to a cooking school. I learned cooking from my mother because she was really in teaching me how to cook. The main reason for this was my mother didnt know how to cook when she got married.My grand

34、mother never allowed her stay in the kitchen. At the age of 25, my mother started cooking, was very hard for her. ， she had to take a few cooking to prepare our meals. After having that experience, she decided to teach me how to cook.I remember I always helped my mother when I was with her in the ki

35、tchen cooking. Nowadays, I am thankful that experience.1interestinginterested考查固定搭配。句意：我从未上过烹饪学校。我从妈妈那里学到了烹饪，因为她对教我做饭很感兴趣。be interested in . 为固定搭配，意为“对感兴趣”，所以把interesting改为interested。2becausethat考查名词性从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，这是一个表语从句，陈述一个事实，而非原因，故把because改为that。3somethinganything考查不定代词。根据上下文的内容可知，是说“我”妈妈在结婚时

36、什么饭菜也不会做，在否定句中，应用anything。4stay前加to考查固定搭配。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，“允许某人做某事”。因此要在stay前加to。5it前加and或itwhich考查连词或定语从句的引导词。句意：在25岁的时候，妈妈开始做饭，这对她来说很难。分析句子“At the age of 25, my mother started cooking, it was very hard for her.”可知，这是两个句子，两个句子必须有一个连接词。根据句意可知，要么用并列连词and把两个句子连接起来，要么用关系词引导定语从句。改成定语从句“At the

37、age of 25, my mother started cooking, which was very hard for her.”，其中用which指代前面的整个主句。所以也可把it改为which。6HoweverTherefore考查副词。根据上下文可知，这里表示结果，不是转折。7classclasses考查名词。class “课程”被a few(一些)修饰，应用名词的复数形式，class在本句中是可数名词，因此class要用复数形式，故把class改为classes。8去掉out考查动词搭配。help out意为“帮助解决难题，帮助摆脱困境”；help sb.意为“帮助某人”。此处语境并无前者的深刻含义，故去掉out。9enjoyenjoying考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，enjoy在句中应作伴随状语，其逻辑主语为“I”，故把enjoy改为enjoying。10tofor考查介词。“对某物表示感谢”要用be thankful for，故把to改为for。