全国统考2021高考英语一轮复习第1编话题六Book8Unit3Inventorsandinventions课时作业含解析.doc

1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions课时作业.阅读理解(2020黄冈市高三质量检测)One of the things that makes your smartphone so smart is that if you pull it out in the sun, it senses thatand dials up the screen brightness to compensate. But its not a perfect solution.“First of all, its still not bright enoughyou have to rem

2、ember how respectable sunlight is.” said ShinTson Wu, a physicist at the University of Central Florida. The other problem, he says of the brightened screen, is it kills the battery. So Wu and colleagues have produced a batterysparing alternative: an antireflective screencoating, based on the eyes of

3、 moths. “Nature is so rich! We can learn a lot from nature.” The thing Wu and others have learned about moth eyes, is that theyre uneven, dotted with tiny projections. That uneven surface reduces the reflection of light off their eyesthought to help the bugs escape predators (捕食者), and see better in

4、 low light. So Wu and his team built a similar surface with tiny dimples (凹), to cut down on glare. He says the dimpled coating could improve the readability of a screen by five to 10 times, compared to a normal smartphone screen. The details are in the journal Optica.The tech hasnt been commerciali

5、zed yet, and that could take a few years, which gives researchers time to take advantage of another property of these surfaces: theyre flexible, meaning the possibility of bendable displays. Combine that with the bendy batteries we reported on in a recent podcast (播客), and it looks the smartphones o

6、f the future could be set for a real transformation. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。飞蛾眼睛的凹凸不平激发了研究者开发一种未来可能会变形的手机屏幕。1Why do the researchers develop the antireflective screencoating?ATo brighten the screen.BTo make profits.CTo take in the sunlight.DTo save the use of battery.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The other problem, he sa

7、ys of the brightened screen, is it kills the battery. So Wu and colleagues have produced a batterysparing alternative: an antireflective screencoating.”可知为了节约电池的使用而开发的这种抗反射屏幕涂层。2What inspired the invention of the screen?AThe predators.BThe reflection of light.CThe eyes of moths.DThe smooth surface.答

8、案：C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So Wu and colleagues have produced . based on the eyes of moths.”可知是飞蛾的眼睛激发了研究者的灵感。3How does the screen work?AIt helps bugs escape.BIt slows down reading.CThe smooth surface protects our eyes.DThe rough surface decreases the reflection of light.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第三、四句“That uneven su

9、rface reduces the reflection of light off their eyesthought to help the bugs escape predators (捕食者), and see better in low light. So Wu and his team built a similar surface with tiny dimples (凹), to cut down on glare.”可知是这种手机屏幕凹凸不平的表面减少了光的反射。4What do the researchers expect of the screen?AItll transf

10、orm itself.BItll be environmentfriendly.CItll reach consumers soon.DItll be powered by recyclable batteries.答案：A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“theyre flexible, meaning the possibility of bendable displays”可推知，研究者期望这款屏幕能够变形。(2020河北衡水中学高三第一次联考)The worlds first hydrogenpowered trains have begun running in Germany. The

11、y begancarrying passengers Monday in Germanys northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.A French railroad company called Alstom built the two trains. Team in Germany andFrance cooperated on the project, which was supported by t

12、he German government. The new train model, called the Coradia iLint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollutionproducing diesel (柴油) trains.The Coradia iLint is designed to run on nonelectrified train lines with low levels of noise.It uses a process tha

13、t combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam.A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometer

14、s. This is very similar to the distance a dieselpowered train can run on with a single tank.Hydrogenpowered trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company plans to provide another 14 Coradia iLint trains to Lower Saxony by 2021.

15、 The head of railroad operations in the area, Carmen Schwabl, praised replacing diesel trains with hydrogen. She said the move was an important first step in using cleanburning technologies to reach climate protection goals. Officials say the areas many wind turbines (涡轮机) will produce part of the e

16、nergy to create the hydrogen to power the trains.Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in developing hydrogen train systems. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2022.5Why did Germany build the new trains?ATo replace diesel

17、trains. BTo carry more passengers.CTo make traveling much easier. DTo develop friendship with France.答案：A细节理解题。根据文中第二段最后一句可知，建造新型火车的目的是move away from pollutionproducing diesel (柴油) trains，故选择A。6What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint?AIt runs without making any noise.BIt doesnt use electrical pow

18、er. CIt costs much less to run. DIt is cheaper to make it.答案：C细节理解题。根据文中倒数第四段中的“the operating costs are much lower”可知，氢动力火车的运行成本更低，故答案为C。7It can be concluded that hydrogen trains _.Aare widely used Bare environmentally friendlyCcan stop air pollution Dcan produce water and oxygen答案：B推理判断题。由文中第四段最后一句

19、话可知，新型氢动力火车的排放物只是水和蒸汽，所以是环保的，故B为正确答案。8What might be the best title for the text?ASaving Natural Resources BEfforts to Reduce EmissionsCWorlds First Hydrogen Trains DA New Way to Make Electricity答案：C标题判断题。本文主要介绍的是一种新型的氢动力火车的研制及其特点，故C 项符合文章大意，最适合作标题。.七选五You have some great ideas. But they dont come ou

20、t because of what your friends say or because you think that only a few people can be creative geniuses (天才). And, you, of course, think that you couldnt be one of them. 1Anyone who is a creative genius will tell you that creativity is very much like a muscle that needs to be developed. 2 On the oth

21、er hand, keep working at it, and this skill will soon be ready for action whenever you need it. So how do you develop your own personal style of creative thinking?You should realize that your brain has a greater capacity (容量) and a higher speed than the worlds biggest and fastest computer. 3 Read, w

22、atch and listen to everything around yougood and bad. The more you know, the more youll want to know, and the more your brain will be exercised. Try something new every day. 4 You need to step out of your comfort zone (舒适地带) more and more each day.Follow these suggestions, and begin thinking beyond

23、your “limits” from today. 5 Who knows, your idea might be the next great idea to change the world.ABut actually, this is not true at all.BYour constructive ideas should be accepted by others.CSo its important to get as much information as you can every day.DYoull soon have a life full of interesting

24、 and exciting adventures.EA good social environment can influence your creative thinking positively.FLet your experiences show you more about the world and people around you.GIf you dont learn how to develop creative thinking, this skill, just like a muscle, will become poor and useless.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明

25、文。作者就如何培养创造性思维给出了有效的建议。1A设空处前面提到人们因为朋友说的话或者他们自己觉得只有少数人才能成为具有创造力的天才而使自己的想法没有为大家所知。下文主要阐述了一些可以提高创造性思维的方法，因此，空处应该选一个承上启下的句子，故A项“但是实际上，这种想法一点儿都不对。”符合语境。2G设空处前一句将创造力比喻成需要被锻炼的肌肉，G项中的“like a muscle”与前文相呼应和承接，另结合句意，可确定G项符合语境。3C该段最后一句表述你知道的东西越多，你想知道的就会越多，你的大脑就越会得到锻炼。结合设空后下一句说明各种了解信息的方法可推知C项“因此，每天得到尽可能多的信息是很重

26、要的”符合语境。4F设空处前一句提到每天要尝试新事物，而F项“你的经历让你了解有关你周围的世界和人的更多信息”正是这样做的结果。5D由设空处前文中的“begin thinking beyond your limits from today”和后文中的“your idea might be the next great idea to change the world”可知，D项“你将很快拥有一种充满趣味且令人兴奋的刺激生活”符合语境。.语法填空(2020安徽省合肥市八校高三第一次联考)Chinas research icebreaker Xuelong, _1_ 126 crew member

27、s aboard on the 35th Antarctic research mission, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on _2_ (it) way back to China.Snow Eagle 601, Chinas first fixedwing aircraft for polar flight, on Thursday night also departed from the Antarctic after _3_ (complete) all assignments.Xuelong, _4_ arri

28、ved near Zhongshan on Feb.9, supplied the station with fuel oil, and then picked up summer expedition team members at the Kunlun, Taishan and Zhongshan stations, as well as _5_ (member) of the fixedwing aircraft project.Sixteen members of the Kunlun team _6_ (previous) completed all scientific exped

29、itions at Dome Argus (Dome A), the South Poles highest icecap. They, together with 21 members of the Taishan team, _7_ (return) to Zhongshan on Feb. 8.The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bed rock, atmospheric sounding _8_ (observe), surve

30、ys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixedwing aircraft.As the summer expedition team at Zhongshan left, 19 members would stay for winter expeditions.Also _9_ (know) as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on Nov. 2 last year, beginning _10

31、_ countrys 35th Antarctic expedition. It is expected to arrive in Shanghai in midMarch.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._1with考查介词。句意：中国的“雪龙”号破冰船于当地时间周四离开中山站，返回中国，船上共有126名船员执行第35次南极考察任务。with “和；同；跟”，符合语境，故填with。2its考查代词。修饰名词way用形容词性物主代词，on ones way back为固定搭配，意为“在某人回来的路上”。故填its。3completing考查非谓语动词。句意：中国首架极地

32、飞行固定翼飞机“雪鹰601”周四晚也在完成所有任务后离开南极。介词after后跟动名词作介词的宾语。故填completing。4which考查定语从句的引导词。句意：雪龙于2月9日抵达中山附近，为该站提供燃油。which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰Xuelong，又因从句缺少主语。故填which。5members考查名词。句意：随后又在昆仑、泰山和中山站接回了夏季考察队队员，以及固定翼飞机项目的队员。根据常识可知，队员肯定不止一个。故填members。6previously考查词性转换。句意：昆仑探险队的16名队员先前在南极最高冰盖穹顶阿古斯(穹顶A)完成了所有科学考察。修饰动词 complet

33、ed应使用副词形式，故填previously。7returned考查动词的时态。句意：他们和21名泰山队队员于2月8日返回中山。根据时间状语on Feb. 8可知应用一般过去时，故填returned。8observation考查词性转换。句意：中山队完成了激光雷达的安装和试验、冰层岩石的钻探、大气探测观测、鸟类调查和固定翼飞机进行的空中探测等任务。由此处为四个并列的名词短语可知应使用observe的名词形式，故填observation。9known考查非谓语动词。句意：也被称为“雪龙”号的破冰船去年11月2日从上海启航。主语the icebreaker和动词know是被动关系，故用过去分词形式

34、，known as为固定搭配，意为“被称为”。故填known。10the考查冠词。句意：开始了中国第35次南极考察。此处表示特指，故填定冠词the。.书面表达假如你是李华，你的笔友John听说你校将在下周举办学生发明展，他来信询问活动安排，请根据以下提示给他回复一封邮件。1活动时间和地点；2学生发明成果展示，如智能机器人等；3活动的意义并希望他有机会来参加活动。 注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：学生发明展Students Invention ExhibitionDear John，How are you doing

35、? I am looking forward to your joining us then.Yours，Li Hua精彩范文Dear_John，How_are_you_doing? Im delighted to know that you are interested in the Students Invention Exhibition, which is scheduled for next week at the Student Center. And Id like to give you a detailed account of it.The Students Inventi

36、on Exhibition is a joyful occasion where students can bring their favorite inventions such as AI robots to show. It is known to all that recent years have witnessed great achievements in science and technology in our country. Therefore, it will certainly influence our students and make us devote our energy to science, too. I am firmly convinced that the exhibition will not only expose us to scientific knowledge but also inspire our innovative spirit as well. I_am_looking_forward_to_your_joining_us_then.Yours，Li_Hua