全国统考2021高考英语一轮复习第1编话题十Book3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars课时作业含解析.doc

1、Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars课时作业.阅读理解(2019全国卷)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this v

2、ery tiny big problem? Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school cl

3、assrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution (解决方案). “We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold, a project manage

4、r.“There are no tests，” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other thanAre you working towards your goal？ Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an inperson review, and . its n

5、ot a very nice thing at times. Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dont teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his s

6、tudents are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。1What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?AThey are hard to get rid of.BThey lead to air pollution.CThey

7、appear in different forms.DThey damage the instruments.答案：A推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，来自我们身体的微生物在太空站的表面增长得很快，宇航员每周得花很长时间清理它们，由此断定太空站里的细菌很难清除，故答案为A。2What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?ATo strengthen teacherstudent relationships.BTo sharpen students communication skills.CTo allow students to experience ze

8、ro gravity.DTo link space technology with school education.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。3What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?ACheck their product.BGuide project designs.CAdjust work schedules.DGrade their homework.答案：A细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，NASA工程师亲自检查那些

9、高中学生的产品，故答案为A。4What is the best title for the text?ANASA: The Home of AstronautsBSpace: The Final Homework FrontierCNature: An Outdoor ClassroomDHUNCH: A College Admission Reform答案：B标题判断题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，选项B将其完美地结合了起来，故答案为B。(2020贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)Man

10、y of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesnt change. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.”However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in f

11、act slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASAs Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机). They found that there were lots of faults (断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent

12、movement on the moon.According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin. Over the past

13、several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky layer, the moons surface continues to push up. “Some of these quakes can be fairly strong, around five on the Richter scale (里氏震级)，” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonians National A

14、ir and Space Museum in the US.But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldnt try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph.“This isnt anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. Its not going anywhere，” Watters comforted us

15、.The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong. “We have been to the moon and weve done some great science, but there is still a lot we dont know. The moon is shrinkingwe didnt really realize that until recently. Its a much more active and interesting place th

16、an we thought and we should explore that，” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项最新的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小。此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们不了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的更活跃、更有意思的地方。5Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to?AIt stays the same as before.BIt is becoming slightly smaller.CIt is getti

17、ng older and older.DIt has passed away.答案：B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“However, a new study . shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time.”可知，一项新的发表在自然地球科学上的研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小，据此可知B项正确。6What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph?AIt has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding.BIt ha

18、s changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years.CIt quakes even at seven on the Richter scale.DIt has a hot core and releases energy during expanding.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段前三句中的“the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core” “The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, i

19、t released energy”可知，月球由带有一个热核的岩石块组成，自它形成时月球就在持续膨胀，在这个过程中它会释放能量，故D项正确。7Who thinks that we neednt worry about the moon?AZhang Ruoxu.BThomas Watters.CNathan Williams.DThe journalist.答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段中Thomas Watters说的话“This isnt anything to worry about . Its not going anywhere”可知，Thomas Watters认为我们不必担心月球

20、，尽管月球在缩小，但它并没有缩小很多，故B项正确。8What does Nathan Williams think of the moon?AIt is a dead and boring place.BIt has lots of faults on the surface.CIt is valuable to do more science.DIt isnt a place where we can live.答案：C推理判断题。根据尾段中Nathan Williams说的话“We have been to the moon and weve done some great science

21、 . we should explore that”可知，Nathan Williams认为月球有许多我们不了解的东西，值得我们去探索。据此可推知，他认为研究月球是有价值的，故C项正确。.七选五Tips on buying outdoor solar lightsAs solar lighting is becoming useful for homes, many different such outdoor lights can now be found in supermarkets. Here are some helpful tips for customers.Does your

22、area receive enough direct lighting?1 So you shouldnt even give it a thought if you live in an area that doesnt get much sunlight. These lights need direct sunlight, or they just wont work very well.2The expensive one usually means good quality. Choosing the cheapest ones will result in many problem

23、s. For once, its best to buy more expensive lights of high quality. 3 At least you should know the difference between a 10 light and a 45 light.Buy lights that require less installation (安装)Most solar lights are simply driven into the ground. Therefore, you shouldnt deal with the difficulty in insta

24、lling a system that involves anything more than that. 4 You dont need to buy lights that require half an hour each to plant into the ground because thats just a waste of time.Make sure the lights can store enough energy.Different solar lights can store different amounts of energy. 5 Therefore, you s

25、hould choose lights that are able to store enough energy to last for a few hours or more, at least those that will last from nightfall throughout most of the night and part of the morning.AWithout sunlight, solar lighting is useless.BBuy many solar lights instead of just one or two.CIt means some wi

26、ll stay lit longer than the others.DChoose something a bit more expensive for once.ESolar lights are becoming more and more popular.FThat doesnt mean you have to spend all your money.GThey should take a few minutes each to get into the ground.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。现在太阳能灯变得越来越流行了，在超市里有很多出售的灯，文章介绍了购买太阳能灯的几个小建

27、议。1A根据“Does your area receive enough direct lighting？”这段的主旨句可知，在住的地方要能接受到足够的直接光线，所以A项“Without sunlight, solar lighting is useless.(没有阳光，太阳能灯就是无用的)”符合题意。2D根据“The expensive one usually means good quality.”可知，贵的通常质量比较好，所以该段的主旨句为D项“Choose something a bit more expensive for once. (要挑选一些贵一点的)”。3F根据上下文可知，建

28、议我们买一些贵的，但并非把钱都花在那些价格最贵的灯上，所以F项合适。4G根据“Most solar lights are simply driven into the ground.”可知，大多数太阳能灯很容易安装，所以G项“每个太阳能灯应该花几分钟的时间就能安装好”符合题意。5C根据“Different solar lights can store different amounts of energy.”可知，不同的太阳能灯储存能源不相等，所以有些太阳能灯比其他的要亮得持久。.语法填空(2019贵阳高三适应性考试(一)Chinas space program has become the

29、first _1_ (land) a spacecraft on the socalled dark side of the moon. The landing on Thursday brought the country closer to its goal of becoming a space power.Change 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth. It shows small craters and _2_ empty surface that appears to be _3_ (ligh

30、t) by a light from the lunar explorer.The name Change comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chinese believe _4_ (live) on the moon for thousands of years. The landing is an example of Chinas _5_ (grow) desire to compete with the American, Russian and European space _6_ (program). China

31、 also wants to strengthen _7_ (it) position.Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing Universitys school of astronomy and space science. He told the Associated Press, “_8_ the whole, Chinas space technology still falls behind the West, but with the landing on the far side of the moon, we have raced to the

32、 front.”He added that China plans to explore Mars, Jupiter and asteroids (小行星) in the future. “Theres no doubt _9_ our nation will go farther and farther，” he said.In 2013, Change 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Unions Luna 24 in 1976. The United States is the only country that

33、 has _10_ (success) sent a person to the moon. But China is considering a crewed mission, as well.For now, China plans to send a Change 5 spacecraft to the moon in 2019 and have it return to Earth with collected particles.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过讲述“嫦娥四号”登陆月球背面介绍了中国的太空探索发展状况。1

34、to land考查非谓语动词。名词前有序数词修饰时，应用动词不定式作后置定语。2an考查冠词。surface是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且empty的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。3lit/lighted考查动词的语态。根据空后的介词“by”并结合语境可知，此处是被动结构，即“bedone”的形式，故填lit/lighted。4has lived考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，指代a subject，在从句中作主语，故此处应用第三人称单数形式；且此处为陈述客观事实，并根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，本句应用

35、现在完成时，故填has lived。定语从句中的many Chinese believe为插入语。5growing考查词性转换。growing是形容词，意为“增长的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词desire。6programs考查名词。program是可数名词，且此处指美国、俄罗斯和欧洲的太空计划，故用复数形式，故填programs。7its考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词position。8On考查固定搭配。on the whole为固定搭配，意为“大体上；总的来说”，故填On。9that考查固定用法。There is no doubt that为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问”，故填

36、that。10successfully考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词successfully修饰其后的动词sent，在句子中作状语。.书面表达(2020江西省抚州市临川二中高三月考)假如你是李华，某美国中学生代表团来你校访问。你代表学校介绍将要举行的有关“建设美丽中国(building a beautiful China)”的活动，主要内容包括：1表示欢迎；2介绍活动内容；3邀请他们参加。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 精彩范文First of all, on behalf of our school, I warmly welcome you to v

37、isit our school. The theme of our activity is “building a beautiful China”. Then, I will introduce the content of this activity. During this week, we will encourage people from all walks of life and the public to take an active part in building an ecological civilization and join hands to build a be

38、autiful China with blue sky, green land and clear water. Lowcarbon travel, we are in action. Eliminate plastic bags. Start with me. Eliminate disposable chopsticks, let health stay on the tip of the tongue. Actively participate in environmental protection knowledge competition, understand environmental protection laws and regulations and common sense.I sincerely invite you to attend this activity.