2022版高考外研版英语一轮学案：语法专项突破 专题四 第二讲　定语从句 WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家第二讲定语从句单句语法填空1(2020高考全国卷)Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰a spot，且所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词wher

2、e。答案：where2(2020高考全国卷)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.The artists reputation had made him proud.解析：考查定语从句的引导词。关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰paintings。答案：whose3(2020新高考全国卷)The Digital World is a set of volumes aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers und

3、erstand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：数字世界是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。答案：that/which单句改错1(2020高考全国卷)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. 解析：考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：感谢你的

4、来信，这真的让我很开心。先行词是your letter，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。答案：whatwhich2(2020高考全国卷)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：理解了她的好意，我感激地吃完了妈妈准备的所有食物。此处为定语从句，先行词为all the food，关系词在定语从句中作主语。而且先行词被不定代词all修饰。故此处需要使用that引导定语从句，将what改为t

5、hat。答案：whatthat关系代词关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)whose (ofwhom/of which)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语which物主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中其前无介词时可省略)、表语as人或物主语、宾语、表语(一)关系代词that与which的用法辨析1只用that的情况(1)先行词是all，everything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；(2)先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，

6、some等词修饰；(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级；(4)先行词被the only，the very (正好、恰好)，the last修饰；(5)先行词中既有人也有物；(6)在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句；(7)先行词是the way，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。There is nothing that we can do now.现在我们什么也做不了。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill

7、.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。2先行词指物时，只用which的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句；(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前；(3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。The boy was away from home for a week，which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before

8、.我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。(二)which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只能放在主句的后面位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末搭配上无动词的限制从句谓语通常是表示感觉或心理活动的词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等意思上意为“这一点”表示“正如，正像那样”The building，which we are looking at，used to be a hospital.我们正在看的这幢大楼过去曾经是一家医院。As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the

9、 time the doctor arrived.正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候埃米就好些了。特别提醒as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such名词as (像一样的，像之类的)；such (pron.)as (像一样的，像之类的)；the same名词as (和同样的)。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句两个考查点：(一)考查该结构中关系代词的选用若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，who

10、se也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构，whose指人、物皆可。Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。The student with whom she is strict has made great progress.她严格要求的那个学生取得了很大进步。(二)考查该结构中介词的选用1一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下几方面入手：(1)根据介词与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。Who is th

11、e girl with whom you just shook hands?刚才跟你握手的那个女孩儿是谁？(2)根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。He shows me some old coins with which I am not very familiar.他给我看了一些我不熟悉的旧硬币。(3)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。Well never forget the day on which we climbed up the Great Wall.我们永远不会忘记登上长城的那天。 (4)根据句子所要表达的意思。We had supper at six oclock，after

12、 which I went to see my uncle.六点钟我们吃了晚饭，之后我去看了我的叔叔。2表示“整体和部分关系”时，介词常用of。常见结构：(1)在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词后可以用of which/whom。There are 30 chairs in the hall，most of which are new.大厅里有30把椅子，绝大部分是新的。(2)“the比较级或最高级”后用of which/whom等。关系副词关系副词先行词句法功能when时间时间状语where地点地点状

13、语why原因原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会好一些。Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。Is this the reason why he refused

14、our offer?这是他拒绝我们提议的理由吗？特别提醒where引导定语从句时，既可以修饰具体的地点也可以修饰抽象的地点，常见表抽象地点的先行词有situation，case，point，stage，position，activity，job，tradition等。定语从句中的主谓一致1关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.不好动或在饮食上脂肪摄取量高的孩子会快速地长胖。2先行词为“one of复数名词”时，

15、从句谓语动词用复数形式；先行词为“the (only/very/right) one of复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。She is one of the staff who are qualified for the job.她是能胜任这项工作的员工之一。(staff表复数意义)She is the only one of the staff who is qualified for the job.她是唯一一个能胜任这项工作的员工。“缺什么，补什么”的原则解决定语从句1如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句中用who。2如果先行词指

16、人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom，关系词也可省略；非限制性定语从句中用whom。3如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句中用which。4如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when/where；如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。5不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。6如果先行词指人，“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。语法填空典

17、例1He was also the one founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Pao in 1959.分析：分析句子成分可知考查定语从句，先行词the one在从句中作主语，指人，因此用who或that。语法填空典例2In the study，volunteers were asked to watch 20 videos of various faces，after they were given 20 stills cut from the videos they had just watched.分析：分析句子可知，空格后的句子依附于空

18、格前的句子，对前面的句子起修饰作用，是定语从句。所要填的词指代“volunteers were asked to watch 20 videos of various faces”整句话且在从句中作介词after的宾语，故填which。单句改错典例1Being afraid of expressing myself was one of the reasons that I rarely did well in school. 分析：分析句子成分可知此题考查定语从句，先行词是reasons且在从句中作状语，因此that改为why。 单句改错典例2Last week，I along with m

19、y classmates was asked to attend a lecture，the theme of what was environmental protection. 分析：此题考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，且先行词lecture指物，故用which。what不属于关系词，不能引导定语从句。因此what改为which。单句语法填空1The old man has three sons，none of whom is a doctor.The old man has three sons，but none of them is a doctor.2There are many

20、 good websites where you can check out the latest research and discoveries in the science world.3I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.4He is the one who/that always laughs at me.5The majority of the ads were also promoting extracurricular education institutions，whi

21、ch have been condemned for putting extra academic pressure on students.6In the past few years，more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down，which is the result of the competition with online bookstores.7He attended a meeting yesterday，after which he gave Mary a ring.8. The books on the

22、desk，whose covers are shiny，are prizes for us.9They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.10After living in Australia for many years，Louise finally returned to the country where she was born.单句改错1These houses are sold at such a low price that

23、people expected.thatas2Its a black square suitcase，what is just as big as a schoolbag.whatwhich3When I was 12，I met Mary.She came to China with her parents，whom taught English in a university.whomwho4The house I grew up in it has been taken down and replaced by an office building.去掉it5An ecosystem c

24、onsists of the living and unliving things in an area where interact with each other.wherethat/which.语法填空 Dujiangyan is the oldest manmade water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science.1. (build) over 2，200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China,

25、this amazing engineering 2. (achieve) is still used today.In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands 3. (suffer) from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River.4. (help) the victims of the flooding，Li Bing, the region governor，together with his son, decided to find a

26、 solution. Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally.5. (good) still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making 6. suitable for farming.Once the system was finish

27、ed, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live 7. (peaceful)Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams 8. the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally，9. (en

28、able) ecosystem (生态系统) and fish populations to exist 10. harmony.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代水利工程都江堰的历史及其所起的作用。1解析：考查非谓语动词。前后两部分之间没有连接词，所以所填词要用非谓语动词。build和this amazing engineering.是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词ed形式作状语。答案：Built2解析：考查词性转换。所填词在句子中作主语，所以要用名词形式。答案：achievement3解析：考查时态。根据句中的时间状语In ancient times可知，suffer要用一般过去时

29、。答案：suffered4解析：考查非谓语动词。所填词表示目的，所以用动词不定式。答案：To help5解析：考查固定搭配。better still为固定搭配，意为“更妙的是”。答案：Better6解析：考查代词。本空指代前面提到的Chengdu Plain，所以要用it。答案：it7解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用形容词peaceful的副词形式peacefully修饰动词live。答案：peacefully8解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句中的modern dams是先行词，关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以填where。答案：where9解析：考查非谓语动词。前后两部

30、分之间没有连接词，所以所填词要用非谓语动词。enable与前面的句子是主谓关系，所以用动词ing形式作结果状语。答案：enabling10解析：考查固定搭配。in harmony为固定搭配，意为“和谐无间”。答案：in.短文改错On my way home from school last Friday, I saw a little dog looking hopelessly on the sidewalk. I was held it firmly up in my arms, took it home and feed some milk to it. However, my mom

31、was unwilling to keep them，saying there was enough pets for us, two cats and a dog. I begged my mom not to let it go. Finally，we agree that it would be decided by my dad, whom didnt return home from work. Just then the girl and her dad drove near, searching for their lost pets. When they thanked us

32、caring the dog, I felt very happy.答案： On my way home from school last Friday, I saw a little dog looking on the sidewalk. I was held it firmly up in my arms, took it home and some milk to it. However, my mom was unwilling to keep ，saying there enough pets for us, two cats and a dog. I begged my mom not to let it go. Finally，we that it would be decided by my dad, didnt return home from work. Just then girl and her dad drove near, searching for their lost . When they thanked us caring the dog, I felt very happy.- 39 - 版权所有高考资源网