2022版高考英语 3-2-1精品系列 专题10 定语从句.docx

1、2022 3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列专题10 定语从句【考点定位】 2022考纲解读和近几年考点分布【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点1：关系代词一览表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith i s the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the

2、 war.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. that人，物主语宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the acci

3、dent was terrible.as人，物主语宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turn

4、ed down my offer.可用for which考点2：that与which，who，whom的用法区别that和which的用法区别:在定语从句中，关系代词which和 that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意： (3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。如：Luxun and his works that we are familiar with

5、 are considered great. 人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。(5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。如：This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。 (3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时，只能用which。如：I dont take that which is too expensive. 我不要太贵的那一个。who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解:在定语从句中，关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一

6、般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom)。如：My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在国外学习，就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who (whom)。如：Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is

7、speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？(3) 当先行词为people和those时，只能用who (whom)。如：Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，只能用who (whom)。如：Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。(5) 先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用w

8、ho。如：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形(1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few,

9、 much, all, very形容词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生(3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。如：Who is woman that you talked with just now? 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁？(4) the same as与the same thatthe same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。

10、如：She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含：她偷了我的上衣) She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)考点3 关系副词引导的定语从句1、关系副词一览表关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the

11、 house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for whichHes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane他发现他陷入了危险的境地，他有可能会失去对飞机的控制。1概述“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which，whom，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语

12、从句。常见的有以下几种结构：(1)介词+关系代词Mandela was the black lawyer to whom 1 went for advice=Mandela was the black lawyer whom 1 went to for advice曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。(2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels=Last Sunday I bought some books from the book

13、store，of which three were English novels上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书，其中三本是英文小说。He wrote a book，the name of which Ive completely forgotten他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。The old man has two daughtersboth of whom are doctors那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。(3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan中国有成千上万的岛屿，

14、其中最大的是台湾。(4)介词+关系代词+名词I called him by the wrong namefor which mistake I apologized我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)2关系代词的选择用于”介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which，即介词+which/whom。【三年高考】 10 、11、12高考试题及其解析2022高考英语试题1.(2022大纲卷)8.That evening ,_ I will tell you more about later ,I ended up working very la

15、te.A. that B. which C. what D. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：那天晚上，我工作到很晚，我以后会告诉你更多相关的情况。which I will tell you more about later是非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作about的宾语，代指that evening。【易错点拨】本题容易误选D项，错误原因是认为evening表示时间，应该用关系副词when来引导定语从句，而没有仔细分析定语从句缺失的成分。2.(2022北京卷)26.When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he woul

16、d forget all about eating orsleeping.A. that B. which C. where D. when3.(2022天津卷)7.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _help I would never have got this far.A. who B. whoseC. whomD. which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。without whose help=and without his help。whose引导的是非限制性定语从句，在句中作“help”的定语，其先行词为“Professor Smit

17、h”。句意：我真得感谢史密斯教授。如果没有他的帮助，我就永远不会（在学术上）走得这么远的。4.(2022重庆卷)29.Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as salesA. which B. that C. when D. where5.(2022安徽卷)29.lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk mu

18、ch to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. which D. this【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在出生后的第一年发生的。所以父母应当在那一时期多和孩子说话。分析句子结构可知，“has been discovered为非限制性定语从句，又因空处指代”A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life整个句子。故用as。【易错点拨】本题易错选C。which引导的非限制性定语从句指代整个句子时只能放在主句后面，而

19、as引导的非限制性定语句的位置相对灵活，可在前，可在中，也可在后。6.(2022福建卷)23.The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. thatB. itC. asD. what7.(2022湖南卷) 34.Care of the soul is a gradual process _even the small details of life should be considered.A. what B. in what C. which D.

20、 in which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：心灵的护理是一个逐渐的过程，在这个过程中，甚至生活中那些微小的细节都应该加以考虑。in which引导非限制性定语从句，which代前面的process。8.(2022江苏卷)22.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。指人的先行词people在非限

21、制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。句意：洪水过后，那个地区的人们忍受着巨大的痛苦，人们迫切需要清洁的水，药品栖身的临时住所。9.(2022江西卷)28By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.AwhichBwhenCwhatDthat10.(2022山东卷)23.Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series.A. them B. that C. which

22、 D. what【答案】C【解析】考查 “介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。句中的先行词是two novels，而且后面是一个非限制性定语从句，因此用both of which引导。That不能引导非限制性定语从句，也不能跟在介词后面；如果选them，则后面需要有并列连词and或者是独立主格结构，即both of them made into.。11.(2022陕西卷) 14. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. whereC.whichD. what13.(2

23、022浙江卷)9.We live in an age _ more information is available with great ease than ever before.A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。when引导定语从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）。此处的when=at which。句意：我们生活在这样的一个时代，在这个时代我们比以前更容易得到更多的信息。14.(2022浙江卷)17.Ellen was a painter of birds and nature, _, for s

24、ome reason , had withdrawn from all human society.A. which B. who C. where D. whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，定语从句的先行词是a painter，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词who。2022高考英语试题1.（2022安徽卷）Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A whenB whichC whereD whil

25、e2.（2022四川卷）The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.A whichB whoseC whenD where【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店，其主顾大多是学生，因为放假就关门了。”3.（2022浙江卷）A bank is the place _they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it ba

26、ck when it begins to rain .A whenB thatC whereD there 【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是the place.，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。4.（2022浙江卷）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of_ uses it somewhat differently .A whichB whatC themD those6.（2022天津卷）The days are gone _ physical strengt

27、h was all you needed to make a living.A whenB thatC whereD which【答案】 A【解析】考察定语从句。句意为：when引导定语从句修饰The day。are gone为插入语。句意为：全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。7.（2022陕西卷）I walked up to the top of the hill with my feiend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .AwhichB whereC whoDthat9.（2022全国2卷）Ted came for the weeken

28、d wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A thisB thatC whatD which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。10.（2022江西卷）She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more th

29、an three years.A for whichB with whichC of whichD to which【答案】C.【解析】考察定语从句。先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语。句意为：博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间，介词用of。选C。11.（2022江苏卷）Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.AWhenBWhereCthatDwhich12.（2022湖南卷）Julia was good at German, French and Russ

30、ian, all of _ she spoke fluently.A whoB whomC whichD that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为物，且关系代词用在介词后面，故应用which。句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她说得都很流利。13.（2022福建卷）It was April 29,2022 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.AthatBwhenCsinceDberore15.（2022北京卷）Mary was much

31、kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.A whoB whichC whatD that【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。2022高考英语试题1.(2022高考英语上海秋季卷,38)Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from

32、 which【答案】C【解析】此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导定语从句 。考察介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which/that we may return to in the near future. 2.(2022高考英语重庆卷,28)In china, the number of cities is increasing _ _ _development is recognized across the world.A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that4.(2022高考英语天津卷,8)C

33、an you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15.A. as B. which C. where D. that【答案】 C【解析】考察定语从句引导词。句意为：“你能相信我不得不花30美元剪头吗？你应该到我去的那家理发店试试。才花15美元。”从句中go是不及物动词，不能接宾语，而本句是定语从句修饰先行词the barbers，先行词在定语从句中智能做地点状语，选C。ABD三项在从句中作主语和宾语，故排除。5.(2022高考英语四川卷,10)Aft

34、er graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，_ turned out to be a wise decisionAthat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere7.(2022高考英语陕西卷,11)The old temple _ _ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof

35、的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。8.(2022高考英语山东卷,24)Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. what【答案】 C【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。9.(2022高考英语江西卷,31)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with h

36、er sister _ she would stay for an hour.A where B who C which D what11.(2022高考英语湖南卷,28)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.A. who B. where C. when D. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students，且在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who

37、，即A项。12.(2022高考英语福建卷,24)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has develop gradually.A. that B. where C. which D. whose14.(2022高考英语大纲全国II卷,16)I refuse to accept the blame for something _ _ was someone elses fault.A. who B. that C. as D. what 【答案】 B【解析】考察定语从句

38、。句意为：“我拒绝接受由于别人的错误而引发的对我的指责。”本句中的先行词是something这个不定代词，当表示物的不定代词作先行词时，定语从句要用that引导，而先行词在定语从句中做的是主语，所以不能省略。15.(2022高考英语北京卷,27)Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that【答案】 B【解析】考察定语从句中疑问词的选择。句意为：“不活跃的或者饮食脂肪含量高的儿童很容易增加体重。”分析句子成分后可知“w

39、ho are not active or _ diet is high in fat”是定语从句修饰先行词children，此处表示“的饮食”，故用whose引导。【两年模拟】 11、12高考模拟题及其答案11、12高考模拟题1、（河北省普通高中2022届高三教学质量监测英语）About 1.62 million Chinese students went abroad to study between 1978 and 2022, _ only 497,400 have come back.AwhoBamong whomCamong whichDin whom2、（合肥市2022年高三第一次

40、教学质量检测英语）A good advertisement often uses words _ people attach positive meanings.AthatBwhichCwith whichDto which【答案】D【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：一则好广告经常使用那些人们赋予积极含义的话语。attach.to.“把附到上”， “_ people attach positive meanings” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 words。3、（2022北京海淀模拟）The story took place in Europe in the days before automobil

41、es _ _ everyone used horsesAwhichBwhereCwhenDas5、（2022郑州模拟）The first snow didnt fall until February in our province this year，_was unexpected.A itB whichC thatD what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意为“我省今年的第一场雪直到二月才下，这令人非常意外”。第二个分句为非限制性定语从句。关系代词which指代前面的整个句子，在定语从句中作主语。6、（2022温州模拟）Attention!Our bus is approaching C

42、ambridge，_well be stopping to eat.A whenB whichC asD where8、（2022上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试）Fayes fondest memory is of last year, _ the club gave a tea party for her birthday.AthatBwhichCwhereDwhen【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句题的解题关键是在主句中找出先行词，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”，此处先行词为 last year，在定语从句中作时间状语，应该用关系副词 when，故选

43、D项。9、（2022山东省烟台市高三调研测试）We hope the measures to control house prices,_ are taken by the government, will succeed.AwhichBthatCwhatDas11、（2022南昌市高三年级调研测）Theyve won their last three matches, _ I find a bit surprising actually.AthatBwhenCwhatDwhich【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。后半句是非限制性定语从句，which 代指前面整句话的内容，在从句中作 find

44、 的宾语。12、（2022济南市高三教学质量调研）People who seldom do sports or _diet is high in fat will put off Weight quickly. A whoB whoseC whichD what 【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。语意：很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的人体重会增加很快。whose diet is high in fat是定语从句，修饰先行词People，且whose在从句中作定语。13、（2022南昌市高三年级第一次模拟考试）We stayed in a quiet hotel,_.Anext to it was

45、 a thick woodB. next to which was a thick woodC. next to it there was a thick woodD. next to which a thick wood was15、（2022福州市高三年级第一次质量检查）Believe it or not. my sister and l are twins.Oh，you must have had the case_ you were taken for your sister.A whichB whoseC whereD whom【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。语意表示你肯定有过你被误

46、认为是你姐姐的情况。where you were taken for your sister是定语从句，修饰先行词the ease.表示的是抽象地点，where可用in which替换。【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析1、The Science Museum, we visited during a recenttrip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhere3、一Do you have anything in mind _youd like for supper?一Well，_is

47、 okay with meAwhich；everything Bwhat；whatever Cwhere；something Dthat；anythingD。句意：晚饭吃什么你有想法吗?随便什么都行。注意第一空考查定语从句，先行词是anything，故关系代词用that。故选D。4、 She may have missed the train,_ she wont arrive for another hourAin which case Bin her case Cin any case Din that case6、I think it is a very interesting book

48、_is well worth reading, _I have never read beforeAthat：the one Bwhich；one Cwhich：the one D：what；oneB。句意：我认为这是一本很有趣很值得一读的书，一本以前我没有读过的书。此题考查定语从句。先行词为a very interesting book，在从句中作主语，可以用which或that，one是a very interesting book的同位语，后接一个定语从句，连词that在从句中作宾语，因此省略。故选B。7、 There is no experience you can have is m

49、ore exciting than skating on real ice. Aof which Bwhat Cthat Dwith whomC。句意：没有什么比在真正的冰上滑冰更刺激的了。此题考查定语从句。先行词为experience，在从句中作主语。what不引导定语从句。故选C。8、 Carol said the work would be done by October. personally I doubt very much.A. it B.thatC.when D.which 10、 The number 9.11 is a special number, , I think,

50、that will be remembered by the Americans forever.Awhat Bit Cwhich DoneD。句意：91l是一个特殊的数字，一个让美国人终身难忘的数字。此题里面有插入语I think，先把它去掉，这样，余下的好像就是一个非限定性定语从句了，其实后面有三种正确的形式为，one that，and it，which。故选D。11、Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at theexact moment_.Awhich they are happening Bwhen they are h

51、appeningCwhich they happen Dthey have happenedB。句意：电视机使得我们第一时间看到所发生的一切。此题考查定语从句。先行词为at the exact moment。故选B。12、 We went through a period _communications were very difficult in the rural areas. Awhich Bin which Cwhose Dwith which14、 Youll have to wait for two hours, is, about 11:30, the medical repor

52、t will come out.The doctor said to me. A、that, when B、which, that C、that, before D、which, whenA。句意：“你还得等上两个小时，也就是等到十一点，这也是医疗结果出来的时候。”医生对我说。第一空that is=that is to say，前后意义相等。第二空是一个定语从句，先行词为11:30。故选A。【考点预测】 2022高考预测高考研究定语从句是英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的

53、正确选择和使用情况等。预测今后高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。【母题特供】每个专题5道最典型试题母题一： 关系代词that和which引导的定语从句 I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which 母题二： 关系代词和关系副词的选择 Is that the small town you often refer to? Right, just the one _ you know I used to work fo

54、r years. A. that B. which C. where D. what 【解析】 正确答案是C。该题有特点：一是区分关系代词和关系副词的用法，这里先行词the one 在从句中充当的是I used to work 的地点状语，因此需要由关系副词引导，而不能选择关系代词；二是题干设计颇有干扰性，命题者在定语从句部分加入了“you know“ 这一插入语，很容易让学生误以为先行词在从句中作know 的宾语而选择了关系代词。 母题三： 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could

55、recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come. A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 母题五、定语从句与其它句型的混合考查Was it in the village_we used to live in_the accident happened? A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which 【解析】 正确答案是B。本题题意为“是在我们过去住过的村里发生了这起事故”。第一个空需要定语从句引导词which，在从句中当in的介词宾语,第二个是强调句型的that 。先把问句转换为陈述语序，然后分析强调句型中被强调部分带有一个定语从句。 17