2019_2020学年高中英语Module4GreatScientists1SectionⅠIntroduction.doc

1、Section Introduction & Reading and VocabularyComprehending 阅读理解AGeorge Washington Carver was born some time in the earlymid 1860s. As a sickly child, Carver was unable to work in the fields, so he did gardening.He was left with many free hours to walk in the woodsbeginning his career with nature.He

2、soon became known as the “Plant Doctor” and would help friends and neighbors manage sick plants.In 1890, Carver began to study music and art at Simpson College.His artwork was on show at the 1893 Worlds Fair.Painting gave him the chance to combine his two lovesart and nature.Yet it was his talents(天

3、赋) for gardening that took him in another direction in 1891.Carver became the first AfricanAmerican to attend what is today Iowa State University.He proved to be a firstclass student and upon graduation he became the schools first AfricanAmerican teacher.In 1896, he received an invitation from Tuske

4、gee Normal and Industrial School in Tuskegee, Alabama.Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.He and his students would search trash heaps(垃圾堆) for things to use.This proved that Dr.Carver was well ahead of his time.In 1916, he published a re

5、search report on peanuts, which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy(经济) of the South when it was destroyed by the cotton insects attack.Carver continued his research with the peanut.He went on to find many uses for the peanut.But he didnt invent peanut butter(花生酱

6、)Dr.Carvers research earned him much worldwide praise.Dr.George Washington Carver died on January 5, 1943, and was buried at Tuskegee.Carver contributed his whole life savings to Tuskegee.Upon his death, Franklin D. Roosevelt gave him the title “an inspiring example to youth everywhere”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙

7、文。文章介绍了植物学家George Washington Carver的生平。1How was Carvers childhood?AHe dreamed of being a doctor.BHe grew crops in the fields.CHe enjoyed good health.DHe took up gardening.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he did gardening”可知，George Washington Carver年少时料理花园。2How was Carvers performance during his education?ABad.BStr

8、ange.COrdinary. DExcellent.D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He proved to be a firstclass student”可知，George Washington Carver在学校表现出色。3What do we know about Carvers life in Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School?AHe was well paid by the school.BHe relied on himself to build his lab.CHe saved money by picking up trash

9、.DHe published his findings ahead of time.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.”可知，George Washington Carver所在的学校没有足够的资金，因此他依靠自己的力量来建立实验室。BSome years ago, a 28yearold Californian wife and mother of three children died from

10、 drinking too much water. Her body was found in her home shortly after she took part in a waterdrinking contest that was held by a local radio show. Called“Hold Your Wee For A Wii”， the contest organizers promised a free Wii video game machine to those who drank the most water without going to the b

11、athroom. The woman who died drank about 2 gallons of water during the contest. When she and other participants complained of discomfort and showed signs of pains, they were laughed at by the organizers.This tragic news story shows the importance of understanding why drinking too much water can be da

12、ngerous to your health.Consuming more water than you need can increase your total blood volume(容量). And since your blood volume exists within a closed system, increasing your blood volume puts unnecessary stress on your heart and blood vessels(血管). Your kidneys(肾) must work overtime to get rid of ex

13、tra water out of your system. Your kidneys are not a pair of pipes. Flushing more water through your kidneys doesnt necessarily help it become cleaner. Rather, your kidneys can get damaged by unnecessary wear and tear over time. And drowning your system with large amounts of water is one of many pot

14、ential causes of kidney damage.Putting unnecessary stress on your system and your kidneys by consuming unnecessary water is an unnoticeable process. For the average person, it is usually impossible to know that this stress exists, as there are usually no obvious symptoms on a momenttomoment basis. B

15、ut make no mistake about it: this stress is real and can hurt your health over the long term.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。过量饮水对我们的健康危害很大，我们应该避免过量饮水。4Why is the Californian woman mentioned?ATo lead to the topic of the text.BTo tell us a tragic news story about a mother.CTo tell us it can be dangerous to take part

16、in contests.DTo tell us how much water we can drink at most one time.A解析：推理判断题。本文主要是讲过量饮水对身体有害，而提到那位死去的加州女士的故事是为了引出这个话题。5When the participants showed signs of pains, the organizers _Abecame very concernedBwere laughed at by othersCtried to reduce their painsDdidnt pay much attention to themD解析：推理判断题

17、。由第一段中的“When she and other participants complained of. laughed at by the organizers.”可知，那些组织者并没怎么在意他们。6Whats the main idea of Paragraph 3?AHow water is consumed in our body.BThe importance of water to our health.CWhy drinking too much water is dangerous.DThe function of kidneys in consuming water.C解

18、析：段落大意题。本段主要讲过量饮水为什么对身体有害。7The stress caused by consuming unnecessary water _Aisnt that dangerousBcan never be found outCis really harmful in the long runDleads to some obvious symptomsC解析：细节理解题。由最后一段“But make no. your health over the long term.”可知，过量饮水从长远来看对健康非常有害。 完形填空Sandy Greenberg came from a p

19、oor family. He went to Columbia University on a scholarship(奖学金) and there he met his roommate who also was receiving financial _1_Unfortunately, Sandy had a(n) _2_ disease during his second year at Columbia University, and finally he became blind. But _3_ for Sandy, something else also happened to

20、himhis roommate would _4_ his textbooks to him every night after he lost his sight.As a result, Sandy went on to _5_ with honors. He went off to study at Oxford. He was still quite poor, but he had managed to _6_ about five hundred dollars as he went along.His roommate _7_ went on to graduate school

21、(研究生院). One day, Sandy got a _8_ from him at Oxford. His former roommate said，“Sandy, Im really _9_. I really dont like being in graduate school, and I dont want to do this.”“Well, what do you want to do？”Sandy _10_His roommate told him，“Sandy, I really love to _11_. I have a high school friend who

22、plays the guitar. And we would really like to _12_ in the music business. But we need to make a promo record(宣传唱片), and in order to _13_ that I need $150.”Sandy took all his life savings without _14_ and sent it to his roommate. Well, his roommate was the _15_ famous singer, Art Garfunkel, and he _1

23、6_ up with another musician, Paul Simon. That $150 _17_ them make a record that finally became The Sounds of Silence.How we are able to deal with _18_ in our lives will be influenced by how we deal with others _19_ the way. What we get will depend a lot on what we _20_. And thats the end of the stor

24、y of doing well by doing good.【解题导语】桑迪在上哥伦比亚大学时得到过室友无私的帮助。后来， 室友遇到困难， 桑迪毫不犹豫地伸出了援手， 帮助室友完成了梦想。1A.aidBadviceCdifficulty DpressureA解析：上文提到桑迪格林伯格家境贫困， 靠奖学金进入哥伦比亚大学学习， 再结合空前面的“also”可知， 他的室友也在接受经济“援助”。2A.eye BearCheart DboneA解析：根据空后面的“finally he became blind”可知， 桑迪患的是“眼”疾。3A.unluckily BluckilyCsadly Dexc

25、itedlyB解析：根据空后面的“his roommate would _his textbooks to him every night after he lost his sight”可知， 此处表示“幸运的是”。4A.lend BofferCread DreciteC解析：桑迪失明后， 他的室友每晚都会把教科书中的内容“读”给他听。5A.survive BresearchCleave DgraduateD解析：根据上下文内容可知， 此处表示桑迪以优异的成绩“毕业”。6A.save BearnCkeep DborrowA解析：他仍然非常贫穷， 但是他设法“积攒”了大约500美元。7A.na

26、turally BcertainlyCeither DalsoD解析：根据空后面的“being in graduate school”可知， 他的室友“也”继续去研究生院深造。8A.message BcallCletter DnoteB解析：根据两人之间的谈话内容可推知， 桑迪在牛津接到了他前室友的“电话”。9A.unhappy BunhealthyChomesick DlonelyA解析：由空后一句的内容可推知， 他真的“不开心”。10A.suggested BansweredCasked DlaughedC解析：上文提到他的前室友说他不想在研究生院学习， 再结合本句的内容可知， 桑迪“问”

27、他想干什么。11A.work BsingCdance DtravelB解析：结合下文可知， 事实上桑迪的前室友喜欢“唱歌”。12A.try our hardest Btry our bestCtry our hand Dtry our patienceC解析：结合上下文内容可推知， 他们想在音乐界“尝试”一下。try ones hand表示“尝试”。13A.win BdoCprove DreachB解析：他们想制作一张宣传唱片， 为了那么“做”， 他的前室友需要150美元。14A.permission BconsiderationChesitation DexpectationC解析：桑迪毫不

28、“犹豫”地取出了他的生活积蓄， 把这些钱寄给了他的前室友。15A.past BpresentCformer DlaterD解析：他的前室友就是“后来的”著名歌手亚特葛芬柯。16A.teamed BgotCshowed DsetA解析：他与另外一位音乐家保罗西蒙“合作”。17A.prevented BhelpedChad DletB解析：那150美元“帮助”他们制作了一张唱片， 并最终成就了名曲寂静之声。18A.friends BopportunitiesCdifficulties DfeelingsC解析：根据上文叙述的内容可知， 桑迪和他的前室友都是历经磨难后而有所成就的， 所以表示的是解决“困难”。19A.across BinCby DalongD解析：桑迪和他的前室友互帮互助， 由此可知， 我们在人生中如何应对困难将受我们一路上如何处理与他人的关系的影响。along the way表示“一路过来”。20A.take BgiveClike DlearnB解析：根据桑迪和他的前室友之间无私的友情可知， 我们获得什么很大程度上取决于我们“给予”什么。