2019_2020学年高中英语Module4WhichEnglishSectionⅠIntroduction.doc

1、Section Introduction & Reading and VocabularyComprehending 阅读理解AAustralian English began separating from British English shortly after the foundation of the Australian penal colony (罪犯流放地) of New South Wales in 1788. British convicts sent there, including cockneys (伦敦东区的人) from London, came mostly f

2、rom large English cities. They were joined by free settlers, military personnel and officials, often with their families. However, many of the convicts were Irish, with at least 25% directly from Ireland, and others indirectly via Britain. There were other populations of convicts from nonEnglish spe

3、aking areas of Britain, such as the Welsh and Scots. The transportation of convicts to Australia ended in 1868, but immigration of free settlers from Britain, Ireland and elsewhere continued.The earliest form of Australian English was first spoken by the children of the colonists born into the colon

4、y of New South Wales. This very first generation of children created a new dialect that was to become the language of the nation. The Australianborn children in the new colony were exposed to a wide range of different dialects from all over the British Isles, in particular from Ireland and the south

5、eastern part of England.The nativeborn children of the colony created the new dialect from factors present in the speech they heard around them, and provided a way for the expression of peer solidarity (一致). Even when new settlers arrived, this new dialect was strong enough to turn away from the inf

6、luence of other patterns of speech.Records from the early 19th century indicated the distinctive dialect had appeared in the colony since the first settlement. In 1827 Peter Cunningham, in his book Two Years in New South Wales, described that the nativeborn colonists spoke with a distinctive accent

7、and vocabulary, with a strong London influence.Anthony Burgess wrote that “Australian English may be thought of as a kind of fossilised (僵化的) cockney (伦敦腔) of the Dickensian era”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍澳大利亚英语的形成过程。1Who didnt go to Australia with the convicts?AMiners. BSoldiers.COfficials. DFree settlers.A解

8、析：细节理解题。从文章第一段可知，随着囚犯到澳大利亚去的人中没有矿工。2Who created the earliest form of Australian English?AConvicts sent to Australia.BFree settlers into Australia.CThe nativeborn children of the colony.DPeople from Ireland and the southeastern part of England.C解析：细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，在澳大利亚出生的孩子说话不同于自己的父母，是他们创造了最初的澳大利亚英语。3

9、We can learn from the last paragraph that Australian English_Ahad no identity of its ownBwas formed before the Dickensian eraCwas quite different from British EnglishDwas greatly influenced by London accentD解析：推理判断题。分析文章最后一段可知，两位作者认为澳大利亚英语具有明显的伦敦口音特征。4What does the text mainly tell us?AWho came to A

10、ustralia first.BHow Australia was colonized.CHow Australian English was formed.DWhat the earliest language in Australia was.C解析：主旨大意题。综合全文可知，文章主要说明澳大利亚英语的形成。BExperts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies. Most time the task is easily accomplished with paren

11、ts reading or talking to their babies. However, in some cases that is not possible due to busy work schedules or when kids are born deaf. Now, an adorable blueeyed robot, a human avatar, and some hightech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.The Robot AVa

12、tar thermalEnhanced system, or RAVE, is the brainchild of a team of researchers led by LauraAnn Petitto, an educational neuroscientist, at Washington,DC.s Gallaudet University. The learning process begins when the robots camera, which is focused on the babys face, detects tiny changes in his/her bod

13、y temperature. This, combined with the babys facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the babys attention to a computer screen, on which a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby, much like a parent would. For example, if the baby points towards the screen, the avatar

14、might respond，“Are you pointing to me？” and follow that up with a nursery rhyme, fairy tale, or some essential social communication, all in American Sign Language (ASL). The“conversation”continues until the kid loses interest.The researchers, who have been testing the system for three years, found t

15、hat babies as young as 6 to 8 months old began to move their hands in a rhythm similar to ASL after interacting with RAVE for just a few minutes. Petitto says natural language, whether communicated through speech or sign, activates the same parts of the brain and believes the rhythmic motions prove

16、the babies are learning the essential elements of communication.What sets this technique apart from other methods, such as showing educational videos or television shows, is its interactive nature and realtime response to the babys actions. The researchers say that while it is too early to determine

17、 the systems longterm influence on baby communication, the initial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce an avatar that can both sign and speak to babies.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了一种可以帮助父母教婴儿学习语言的系统，以及该系统的工作原理、效果评价和研究人员对这种技术的展望。5What can the RAVE system help parents do?AImprov

18、e babies health condition.BTake good care of babies.CDevelop babies language skills.DKeep babies company.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Experts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies.”可知，专家认为教孩子语言技能的最佳时间是孩子的婴儿时期；结合第一段尾句“Now, an adorable blueeyed robot, a human avatar, a

19、nd some hightech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.”以及第二段中的“The Robot. a team of researchers”可知，RAVE系统可以帮助父母完成教婴儿学习语言的任务，故C项正确。6What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AHow babies learn ASL effectively.BHow parents educate their babies.CHow robots talk

20、 and read to babies.DHow the RAVE system works.D解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第二、三句“The learning.his/her body temperature. This, combined with the babys facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the babys attention to a computer screen, on which a human avatar starts to communicate with the bab

21、y, much like a parent would.”可知，机器人的摄像头可以检测到婴儿细微的体温变化并与婴儿的面部表情相结合，使机器人转动头部，引导婴儿注意电脑屏幕，在电脑屏幕上，一个人类的形象开始与婴儿交流，就像父母一样；结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了RAVE系统的工作原理，故D项正确。7What indicates babies are learning with the help of the RAVE system?AInterest in videos and TV shows.BChanges in their body temperature.CImprovement i

22、n their natural language.DHand movements in a rhythm like ASL.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“babies as young. a few minutes”可知，在和这种系统交流互动之后，婴儿就会开始以类似于ASL的节奏晃动他们的手，故D项正确。8What do the researchers think of the RAVE system?APromising. BImpractical.CSatisfactory. DDisappointing.A解析：观点态度题。根据第四段第二、三句“The researchers sa

23、y that while it is too early to determine the systems longterm influence on baby communication, the initial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce an avatar that can both sign and speak to babies.”可知，尽管对这种系统培养婴儿交流技能的长期影响进行评价为时过早，但是其初期的表现令人鼓舞，研究人员将在下一步推出可以用手语和口语与婴儿交流的形象。据此可知

24、，研究人员对这种系统的发展是充满着希望的，A项意为“很有前途的，大有希望的”，符合语境，故A项正确。 完形填空Growing up, I always hid my thumbs (拇指) in my fists because of their unusual shape. 1 they do look more like big toes (脚趾) 2 thumbs.And from an early age, my thumbs 3 another name “toe thumbs”In high school, I served as a cashier in a grocery st

25、ore.One day, I was 4 the bill of a sweet little old lady and as I 5 her change back to her, she suddenly took my hands and said in a thick Polish 6 ，“You are Polish！Look at those 7 Polish thumbs！They match mine！”She raised her hands and 8 her thumbs to me that 9 weathered and wrinkled, looked exactl

26、y like mine！She 10 my hands again and said，“Be 11 of those thumbs！”Ill never forget that 30second 12 with a stranger that forever 13 my view of a part of me I once was 14 at and now accept.As I was eating dinner with my son, Samuel, that night, he looked down at my hand 15 on the table next to his a

27、nd said，“Mommy！Our thumbs 16 ！” I smiled and answered，“Yes, they do, buddy！Those are strong Polish 17 you have！Take pride in them！Maybe someday youll have a little boy or girl who will have the same thumbs！” I 18 my son never hides his thumbs like I did.I hope hell be proud of their “unusualness” an

28、d the 19 behind them.He inherits a (n) 20 part from me and that for me will always be beautiful!【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位好心的顾客促使我勇于面对自己异常的大拇指，建立自己“独特”的自尊、自爱和自豪感的故事。1A.Fortunately BAdmittedlyCNormally DBasicallyB解析：不可否认，它们的确看起来更像大脚趾，而不是大拇指。fortunately“幸运地”；admittedly“诚然，不可否认地”；normally“正常地”；basically“基本地，

29、本质上”。2A.other than Bdue toCinstead of Dalong withC解析：参见上题解析。instead of“代替，而不是”符合语境。other than“除了以外”；due to“由于，因为”；along with“与一起，与同样地”。3A.earned BclonedCfound DdeservedA解析：根据前一句中的“they do look more like big toes (脚趾)”可知，我的大拇指赢得了另外一个名字“toe thumbs”。earn“赚得，挣得，赢得”；clone“克隆”；deserve“应得，应受到”。4A.checking

30、out Bhunting forCtalking with Dwatching overA解析：一天，我正在核实一位和蔼可亲的、身材娇小的老太太的账单。check out“检查，核实”。5A.paid BchargedCdonated DcountedD解析：正当我数好零钱给她的时候，她突然抓住我的手。count“点数目”。6A.tune BvoiceClanguage DaccentD解析：她用浓重的波兰口音说：“你是波兰人。”accent“口音”符合语境。tune“曲调，调子”；voice“声音，嗓音”；language“语言”。7A.beautiful BstrangeClong Dcl

31、umsyA解析：根据下文可知，老太太是在赞美这些独特的大拇指，且文章最后一句出现了beautiful，故此处选beautiful。8A.passed BshowedCrecommended DofferedB解析：她举起她的手，把她的大拇指给我看。show“给看”。9A.till BunlessCalthough DonceC解析：尽管她的大拇指历经岁月风霜，皱纹斑斑，但是它们看起来和我的完全一样。根据语境，此处应为although引导的让步状语从句，在although与weathered之间省略了“her thumbs were”。10A.raised BinspectedCexamined

32、 DheldD解析：根据上文中的“she suddenly took my hands”和空处后面的“my hands again”可知，她又一次抓住我的手，故选held。raise“举起，抬起”；inspect“视察，检查”；examine“检查”。11A.proud BskepticalCafraid DsureA解析：根据下文中的“Take pride in them！”和“be proud of”可知，此处应选proud，be proud of“对感到骄傲/自豪”。12A.appointment BbargainCconversation DdealC解析：根据上文可知，我与这位陌生人

33、进行了30秒的交谈。conversation“交谈”符合语境。appointment“约会”；bargain“讨价还价”；deal“交易”。13A.supported BchangedCproved DhurtB解析：这次交谈永远改变 (changed)了我对自己的身体的一部分 (大拇指)的看法，我曾经为这一部分 (大拇指)感到尴尬，现在我接受了。support“支持”；prove“证明”；hurt“伤害”。14A.amazed BterrifiedCdelighted DembarrassedD解析：参见上题解析。be embarrassed at“对感到尴尬”。amazed“惊讶的”；te

34、rrified“非常害怕的”；delighted“高兴的”。15A.scratching BrestingCknocking DdrawingB解析：那天晚上当我和我的儿子Samuel一起吃饭的时候，他低头看我的手，我的手靠在桌子上，紧挨着他的手。他说：“妈咪，我们的大拇指一样。”rest“支撑，倚靠”。16A.differ BfitCfight DmatchD解析：参见上题解析。且根据文章第二段中的“They match mine”可知，此处应选match“相配，相一致”。differ“有区别”；fit“适合”；fight“打斗，争吵”。17A.fists BthumbsCtoes Dhan

35、dsB解析：根据上下文的内容可知，此处应选thumbs。18A.guarantee BfigureCpray DinsistC解析：根据语境，此处表示我祈祷 (pray)我的儿子不要像我一样藏起他的大拇指。guarantee“保证”；figure“认为，以为”；insist“坚持认为”。19A.scene BlessonChistory DmomentC解析：我希望他将会为他的大拇指的“独特之处”和其背后的历史 (history)感到骄傲。20A.unique BelegantCauthentic DsensitiveA解析：根据文章第一段第一句中的“unusual shape”和空前一句中的“unusualness”可知，他遗传了我身体中独特的部分，故选unique“独特的”。elegant“优雅的”；authentic“真实的”；sensitive“敏感的”。