2019_2020学年高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionSectionⅤGrammar.doc

1、Section Grammar & WritingA卷 单句语法填空1It is reported they would give us an examination the next Monday.答案：that2He informed me that the meeting (put) off already.答案：had been put3He is said (study) abroad now.答案：to be studying4The woman is trying to persuade her son (give) up smoking.答案：to give5It is sug

2、gested that the problem (solve) in another way.答案：should be solved6His mother (dress) in white at the party.答案：is dressed7Dana admitted (feel) hurt by what I had said.答案：feeling8The officer was accused of (abuse) his power.答案：abusing9After the accident, the injured (take) to hospital.答案：were taken10

3、The book is difficult (understand)答案：to understand 阅读理解AAs Antarctic ice continues to melt at an alarming rate, scientists warn that the wellbeing of penguins native to the area is becoming increasingly threatened.According to a new report, the welfare and existence of at least half of the worlds 18

4、 penguin species will be badly affected if the warming of the Antarctic Peninsula continues. Experts say that a big part of the problem is related to food：Less ice means less krill(磷虾), a cornerstone(基石) of the Antarctic ecosystem and a mainstay of a penguins diet.“When you look at all penguins they

5、 are largely in trouble，” said Oxford University penguinologist Tom Hart, who spends a few months every year observing penguins along the Antarctic coast.“Were so concerned because were seeing great changes to their populations. Theyre probably not going to go extinct anytime soon, but the environme

6、nt is changing very fast.”Emperor penguins, Adelies and chinstraps, for example, live entirely in the Antarctic. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), both emperor penguins and Adelies are considered “near threatened”. Even populations of chinstraps, not usually cons

7、idered a vulnerable(易危的) species, have “declined by up to 50 percent in the last 30 years”， Hart said. “The general public doesnt realize that penguin populations are declining so fast.”In an interview with the BBC in 2009, Professor Hart warned that emperor penguins could face nearextinction by the

8、 end of the century if global warming continued at its present rate.“Regardless of their environmental preferences, we see a connection between climate change and penguin populations through the loss of habitat of their main food source，” Dr. Wayne Trivelpiece, the reports lead author said. “As warm

9、ing continues, the loss of krill will have a farreaching effect throughout the Antarctic ecosystem.”Since krill feed on phytoplankton(浮游植物) that grow under ice cover, warming waters and disappearing sea ice have contributed to decreasing Antarctic krill populations. According to Al Jazeera, other re

10、cent studies have shown that krill in the Southern Ocean may have declined by about 80 percent since the 1970s.“Simply put, without krill, most of the life forms in the Antarctic would disappear，” National Geographic said.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。南极洲的冰层因气候变暖持续融化，这已严重影响到企鹅的生存。1What problem will penguins face?A

11、Loss of habitat.BA shortage of food.CPopulation increase. DColder environment.B解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“a big part of the problem is related to food：Less ice means less krill(磷虾). penguins diet”可知，由于南极冰层的持续融化，企鹅将面临的问题主要与食物有关，冰少了意味着磷虾少了，磷虾是南极洲生态系统的基石，也是企鹅的主要食物。2What is Tom Harts attitude toward the penguins s

12、ituation?AUncaring. BOptimistic.CDoubtful. DWorried.D解析：观点态度题。由第三段中的“they are largely in trouble”和“Were so concerned because were seeing great changes to their populations.the environment is changing very fast.”可知，牛津大学的企鹅研究专家Tom Hart对企鹅的现状非常担忧。3Why does the author mention chinstraps in Paragraph 4？A

13、.To blame human beings unawareness.BTo underline the dangers penguins face.CTo give an example of an extinct species.DTo show how penguins react to global warming.B解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的“Even populations of chinstraps, not usually considered a vulnerable(易危的) species, have declined by up to 50 percent in t

14、he last 30 years”可知，帽带企鹅并非易危物种，但是它们的数量在过去的30年里也下降了50%；由此可知，作者提到帽带企鹅的数量大幅下降，是为了强调企鹅的处境非常危险，气候变暖给它们的生存带来极大的影响。4What do the last two paragraphs suggest?AKrill loss may have disastrous results.BWarming waters bring more phytoplankton.CSea ice disappearance causes krills overproducing.DPhytoplankton are

15、a key diet of Antarctic creatures.A解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“warming waters and disappearing sea ice have contributed to decreasing Antarctic krill populations”以及最后一段中的“without krill, most of the life forms in the Antarctic would disappear”可知，气候变暖使得南极的冰层融化，这导致磷虾的数量锐减，而如果没有磷虾，南极大部分生命都会消失。BNorwegian cod(鳕鱼) m

16、ay have reached Germany hundreds of years earlier than we originally thought, thanks to the creativity of the Vikings. It seems they worked out 1，200 years ago how to freezedry(冷冻干燥保存) fish to keep it fresh on the long journey from the Arctic.Bastiaan Star of the University of Oslo, Norway, and his

17、colleagues analysed DNA from 15 samples of ancient cod at five locations across northwest Europethe southernmost samples coming from Haithabu, a Vikingage village in what is now northern Germany.By comparing the ancient DNA with genetic(基因的) material taken from modern cod, Star and his colleagues co

18、nfirmed that four cod samples from Haithabu came from the northeast Arctic, close to the northernmost tip of the Norwegian coast. The only explanation is that Viking ships transported the perishable(易腐烂的) cod therea journey of 2，000 kilometres that would have taken a month.This suggests the Vikings

19、had worked out how to freezedry fish. Arctic cod populations only come close to the Norwegian shore in winter, and in Viking times that would have made them easier to catch. The cold weather in winter would have made it simple to freezedry the fish naturally.In other words, centuries earlier than th

20、e first documented use of salt to preserve Norwegian fish in the 1690s, the Vikings knew how to keep cod fresh to sell in distant markets.“The early trade of dried cod, if this is what the bones represent, suggests the appearance of exchange in common goods, not just expensive goods，” says team memb

21、er James Barrett of the University of Cambridge.The work “adds to the richness of our understanding of the Vikings influence，” says Jeremy Searle of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, who earlier showed how Norwegian mice populations spread by getting onto Viking ships.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，维京人发明

22、冻干技术，跨越千里将鳕鱼从北极带到德国。5What did Bastiaan Star find out about the 15 samples?ASome of them had traveled long distances.BThey contain some unknown material.CMost of them had perished.DThey were freshly buried.A解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的four cod samples from Haithabu came from the northeast Arctic以及The only explana

23、tion is that.would have taken a month.可以判断，部分样本从北极东北地区穿越千里被带到了德国。6How might the Vikings find fishing cod in winter?AThe icy water made it difficult to catch them.BIt was easier to hunt cod than other fish.CThe cold weather was unbearable.DIt required no great effort.D解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Arctic cod.easier

24、 to catch.可知，维京人在冬天捕捞鳕鱼并不太费劲。7What can be inferred from James Barretts words?ATrade in common goods existed in Viking times.BCommon goods were expensive in Viking times.CDried cod were not commonly traded goods.DCods bones were quite hard to get.A解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的The early trade of dried cod.exchang

25、e in common goods, not just expensive goods可知，维京时代已经出现普通货物贸易活动。8Whats the best title for the text?ALife Was Tough in Viking TimesBCod Used to Play an Important RoleCThere Were Various Ways to Keep CodDVikings Shipped Frozen Cod to GermanyD解析：标题归纳题。通过对鳕鱼样本进行分析，科学家发现维京人曾独创冻干鳕鱼的方法，将其从北极运到德国。 语法填空We are

26、 visiting my brother Rex in Boston, US.A., 1. teaches history in one of the universities here. So far, he 2. (invite) some of his friends to meet us. One of them is from Austria, and another is from Poland. 3. rest are from Japan, India, and Italy. I tell him that Im 4. (confuse)“Dont you have any A

27、merican friends？” I ask Rex.He says, “Theyre all Americans. Didnt you know that America has people from all over the world？”“Thats 5. people often describe America as a melting pot of many cultures，” says Tajima, from Japan.“People come here for a good many 6. (reason). But students mainly come here

28、 to study. I have students from all over the world in my college，” says Rex.“But who were the first 7. (come) here？” I ask.Rexs Indian friend, Samir, says the first people were from Asia, more than 20，000 years ago and they are Native Americansancestors. About 500 years ago, Spanish settlers arrived

29、 from Europe, followed by other 8. (Europe). People from Africa 9. (bring) over as slaves at first. I would say people from every corner of the world have made America 10. it is today.1who解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明先行词Rex的情况，且在从句中作主语，故填who。2has invited解析：考查现在完成时。由So far可知，此处用现在完成时。3The解析：考查定冠词。“the形

30、容词”表示一类人或事物。The rest 在此意为“其余的人”。4confused解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，意为“困惑的”，故填confused。5why解析：考查连接词。设空处引导表语从句，用来说明上文提到的内容是“美国被称为文化大熔炉”的原因，故填why。6reasons解析：考查名词。for a good many reasons意为“由于许多原因”。7to come解析：考查不定式作后置定语的用法。the first 后用不定式作定语，在此表示“第一批来到这里的人”。8Europeans解析：考查名词。由语境可知，设空处指“欧洲人们”，故填Europeans。9wer

31、e brought解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。由语境及 at first可知，此处用一般过去时，又因People from Africa与bring之间是被动关系，故填were brought。10what解析：考查连接词。设空处引导的从句作宾语补足语，且此空在从句中作表语，同时根据从句句意“它现在的样子”，可知填what。B卷 阅读理解AStudying in the US. is extremely expensive. Considering that at top universities in the US. fees and living costs can add up to

32、 $60，000 per year, it is clear why so many young people decide to find a parttime job. Here are some common parttime jobs for college students.Waiter/WaitressHourly rate：$5.22Waiters and waitresses usually have minimum salaries, but they earn some tips. No experience is needed for a lot of waitering

33、 jobs so it should not be difficult to find one. You can work part time so that you have enough time for your study.Data entry clerkHourly rate：$12.45To become a data entry clerk, you just have to be a good typist and are willing to spend some time in front of your computer. A lot of these jobs are

34、available online and can be done at home, so its a good choice for college students.TutorHourly rate：$17.78If you are good at something, math or languages for example, then you can consider tutoring to earn some cash on the side. Its also one of the highest paid parttime jobs for college students.Pr

35、oofreader(校对员)Hourly rate：$17.84Proofreaders must be able to find the errors and correct them of course. If you think you can do that, then this is a great opportunity to earn more than $17 per hour. You can work whenever you want so that you can manage both study and work.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了几个适合大学生做的兼职工作

36、。1Many American college students seek parttime jobs mainly to Asupport themselvesBbroaden their viewsClearn to be independentDgain some working skillsA解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Studying in the US. is extremely expensive.it is clear why.可知，许多美国大学生想做兼职工作主要是为了赚钱养活自己。2Which word can best describe the work as a data

37、 entry clerk?ABusy.BRelaxing.CDifficult. DFlexible.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段A lot of these jobs are available online and can be done at home可推断，数据录入员的工作很灵活。3To work as a tutor, it is necessary for you to Aapply for a licenseBhave special knowledgeCprepare learning materialsDfind a proper teaching placeB解析：细节理

38、解题。根据第四段If you are good at something, math or languages for example, then you can consider tutoring.可知，家教的工作要求具备专业知识。BSwiss cheese is different. While Swiss cheese does have a distinct color and taste, it has another unique quality. Its known for more than anything else: holes.Why Swiss cheese has h

39、oles was a mystery for many years. In 1912, a chemist named William Clark set forth his theory. According to Clark, the particular methods and bacteria cultures make gas bubbles inside the cheese. Eventually these gas bubbles leave holes in the cheese, which cheesemakers call “eyes”. However, in the

40、 1990s, scientists began to doubt Clarks theory. Cheesemakers noticed that in Europe their cheeses were going blindthey began to contain fewer and fewer holes or “eyes”. Since the cheese making process had not changed, something else had to account for the missing holes.Later, Swiss researchers anno

41、unced that they had the answer: hay(干草). The carbon dioxide gas bubbles in Swiss cheese must form around some sort of particles(颗粒), similar to the way in which raindrops form around dust in the air. The particles in question were tiny bits of hay that could be found in milk buckets.So what happened

42、 in the early 1990s? European dairies were forced to modernize to meet the new European Union standards. Traditional buckets and barns(牲口棚) were replaced with modern milking machines. As the presence of hay particles in milk decreased greatly, so did the holes in Swiss cheese.Swiss researchers confi

43、rmed that the more hay particles they added to milk, the more holes would appear in the Swiss cheese. Cheesemakers are now able to use the information to add particles to their milk to produce Swiss cheese with exactly the number and type of holes they want.Of course, not all the mysteries have been

44、 solved. For example, cheesemakers in the United States have not observed their cheeses going “blind” like those in Europe. Scientists believe there must be other unknown particles that account for the “eyes” in American Swiss cheese.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。瑞士奶酪的显著特征是它有“眼睛”，关于这种“眼睛”产生的原因，有不同的说法。4Why did scie

45、ntists begin to doubt Clarks theory in the 1990s？ACheesemakers used few bacteria.BBacteria disappeared in the cheese.CThe cheese caused blindness in people.DThe number of cheese holes decreased.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中Cheesemakers noticed that in Europe their cheeses were going blindthey began to contain fe

46、wer and fewer holes or “eyes”可知，是因为瑞士奶酪上孔的数量减少了。5According to Swiss researchers, what truly account(s) for the “eyes” of Swiss cheese?AProducing time.BHay particles.CDust in the bucket.DModern machines.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，瑞士研究人员认为源头是干草颗粒。6What can we learn from the passage?AThe number and type of c

47、heese holes are controllable in Europe.BEuropean Union standards are too strict about Swiss cheese.CSwiss cheese will be made in traditional ways.DAmerican cheese is better than Swiss cheese.A解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中Cheesemakers are now able to.produce Swiss cheese with exactly the number and type of holes t

48、hey want.可知，在欧洲，奶酪孔的数量和类型目前可以控制了。7What can be the best title for the passage?AHow to Make Holes in Cheese?BHow to Recognize Swiss Cheese?CWhy Does Swiss Cheese Taste Better?DWhy Does Swiss Cheese Have “Eyes”？D解析：标题归纳题。本文的中心话题就是解释为什么瑞士奶酪会有“眼睛”的问题。 短文改错Dear Brad, I am high school girl. Last month my w

49、hole family moved and I had to switch schools. I love this new school, where has a large playground and a library with lots of book. Also it has well equipping classrooms and several modern labs. Therefore, I really miss my former school and my old friends very much. I have known some newly classmat

50、es in this school, but I dont connect with him. Two girls in my new class might be like me, but I am not sure. I once think about moving back to my old school. On that case, I will miss my family. What should I do?Amy答案：Dear Brad, I am high school girl. Last month my whole family moved and I had to

51、switch schools.I love this new school, has a large playground and a library with lots of .Also it has well classrooms and several modern labs.， I really miss my former school and my old friends very much. I have known some classmates in this school, but I dont connect with .Two girls in my new class

52、 might like me, but I am not sure. I once about moving back to my old school. that case, I will miss my family. What should I do?Amy 书面表达你校近期组织了一次户外郊游活动，假如你是学校英文报的记者，请你写一篇短文，报道此次活动。内容包括：1时间与地点：11月27日，瑶湖公园；2活动的内容；3你对这次活动的评价。注意：1.词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 One possible version：To help students relax, ou

53、r school organized an outing to the Yaohu Lake Park on November 27.It was a beautiful sunny day. At 7：30 am., we met at our school gate and set off for the Forest Park. An hour later, we reached the park. The scenery there was breathtaking. We were free to walk around and enjoy the amazing scenery for a few hours. After lunch, we were divided into groups, playing games, singing and dancing. At around 4 pm., we started to head back, tired but happy.This activity not only offered us a chance to get close to nature, but also brought us closer to each other.