2022高三英语一轮复习核心知识点:代词.docx
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1、代词一、问:本考点的命题思路是什么?答:代词是每年必考,贯穿于各个试题类型的一个基本知识点;考纲要求在广泛掌握代词基础知识的前提下,强调在具体语境中理解和使用代词;代词考查的重点是不定代词及it的用法。例1:(08湖南卷)Our nerghbors gave _ a baby bird yesterday that hurt _ when it fell from its nest. A. us, it B. us, itself C. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, it 【答案】B。【题源探究】 这是一道综合性的考题,考查人称代词和反身代词的用法。【广角思维
2、】 第一空为人称代词的宾格形式做宾语;第二空的意思是说伤了自己的那只小鸟用反身代词做宾语。 【易误警示】 对是用人称代词的宾格形式做宾语还是用反身代词做宾语这一区别分不清是这类试题出错的主要原因。 【悟彻高考】 人称代词作主语一般用主格形式,做宾语用宾格形式,作表语用主格形式,做定语用所有格形式。反身代词一般做表语、同位语和宾语,作宾语的前提是宾语和主语一致。如:Im not quite myself today我今天不大舒服。/ ake yourself at home不要拘礼;请随便吧。 / Dont get nervous,help yourself to what you like别紧
3、张,喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗?注意:1.人称代词用作表语时,如说明主语,一般要用主格,如说明宾语则要用宾格。If I were she, I would take your advice. I would share the room with you if you were him.2. 在简单的答语中多用宾格形式替代主格形式。Who will go out for a walk with me?Me.-Who is it ? -Its me 【同类预测】 高考对人称代词和反身代词的考查集中在它们在句中作用的考
4、查,特别是独特用法份的考查。(1)-I love you more than her,child -You mean more than _love her or more than she loves_? A you;me BI;you Cyou;you DI;me 答案:A解析:I love you more than her有两种理解I love you more than her= I love you more than you love herI love you more than her= I love you more than she loves you.(2)Who ca
5、n you turn to in time of danger, if not .A. any B. us C. we D. ours答案:B 解析:turn to sb. 表示“向请求帮助”。从句是个省略句。If not us即if you dont turn to us.例2:(08辽宁卷) Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?Victoria Street? _ is where the Grand Theatre is.A. SuchB. ThereC. ThatD. This【答案】C 。【题源探究】 考查指示代词的指代用法
6、。 【广角思维】 通过对话语境我们可以知道Victoria Street是距离对话人比较远的事物,所以用that来表示远指。 【易误警示】 受选项的设置的迷惑作用不能明白该题的设计目的,有的学生以为该题是考查there be 句型的。 【悟彻高考】 this,that,these those 均是指示代词有以下的使用规律:1在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 2this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物,而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine 3this(these)一般指后面要讲
7、到的事物,而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this:he wanted to go to Beijing/ He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know 4that,those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany 【同类预测】 指示代词的用法
8、在试题设计中常和其他的代替词同时出现,这样就增加了试题的难度。 - How about the price of these refrigerators? - They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than, _ at the other stores. A. others B. it C. that D. the ones答案:D解析: one可指代指代前面的同类事物中的一个,表示泛指,one前面如有形容词修饰,之前还可以加上不定冠词a,也表示泛指,但one前面加上the可以表示特指, the one复数形式是the ones,相当于those
9、,本题中就是这种现象,本句意思是“在价格上,它们就算不比别的商店里的冰箱便宜,也不会更贵”。例3:(08四川卷)The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent. A. any other B. the other C. another D. other【答案】C 。【题源探究】 这是一道单一性试题,考查另外几个人或事物的表示方法。【广角思维】 该题表示“另外的4个百分点”,正确的表示方法是another four percent。 【易误警示】 对other,another,more 等相关的用法不清楚
10、,是这种题出错的主要原因。 【悟彻高考】 另外几个人或事物的表示方法有以下几种:Another + 数词+ n 如another five desks数词+other+ n 如:five other desks数词+more+ n 如:five more desks【同类预测】 另外几个人或事物的表示方法是高考考查代词用法时的一个命题重点。If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay_$15 Aanother Bother Cmore Deach 答案:A解析:考查另外几个人或事物的表示方法。另外15美元可以表示为:anot
11、her 15 dollars=15 other/more dollars二、问:命题热点有哪些?答: 人称代词主格和宾格的基本用法。 名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法。 疑问代词的用法、不定代词的用法。 反身代词以及由反身代词构成的短语的用法。 it, that, one和those作替代词的用法。例1:(2022 山东卷)_ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. AThis BThat CWhat DIt【答案】B 。【题源探究】 这是一道综合性的考题,考查it 充当形式主语这一知识点。【广角思维】 句意:他总是改变主意,这一做法
12、很令我担忧。句中It充当形式主语,真正的主语是the way,其后又有定语从句 he keeps changing his mind 修饰。 【易误警示】 了解it 在主语从句中的应用,充当形式主语。 【悟彻高考】 It用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式主语的常见句型: 1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为 (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, po
13、ssible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous 例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be adj. of s
14、b. to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词:kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. 例 Its kind of you to help me with the problem. (3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 Its no good/use doing Its (well)worth doing Its (well)worth ones
15、while doing/to do Its (well)worth while doing/ to do 例 Its no use crying over spilt milk. 2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型 (1) It is + noun +从句 例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. (2) It is adj. +clause Its surprising that (should)竟然 Its a pity/shame that(should)竟然 例 Its imp
16、ortant that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=Its of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.) (3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that 例 It
17、 worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.) (4) It verb (to sb.) that= sb/sth verb to do (verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out) 例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced
18、to be out.) (5) It is v-ed that=sb/sth is to do (verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know) 例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.) (6) It is v-ed that (should) (verb=dema
19、nd, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. 【同类预测】 it作形式主语的用法在命题时变化多端,设计灵活应该引起我们的重视。(1) is no need to make a decision today. We can do it at the meeting tomorrow.AItBThisCThatDThere答案:D.解析:考查固定句型there is no need to do sth.
20、例2:(2022 湖南卷)To save class time, our teacher has _ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 【答案】A 。【题源探究】 本题考查在具体语言环境中代词的应用。【广角思维】 为了节省时间,我们老师让我们(学生)在课堂上做完一般练习,另一半作为家庭作业。 根据句意可知题干中的has 为使役动词,后面需要代词宾格与students 一起做宾语,us 与students 为同
21、位关系。 【易误警示】 has 为使役动词,后面需要代词宾格与students 一起做宾语,这是学生选错的主要原因,这要求考生做题时要能够分清句子结构,然后再对试题作出正确的判断。 【悟彻高考】 代词作同位语时应用什么形式取决于做什么成分的同位语,如果做宾语的同位语要用宾格,如果做主语的同位语要用主格形式,另外如果名词做了同位语来确定代词的形式这是就要注意分析该代词在整个句子中充当的语法作用了。We students should work hard and respect our teachers.【同类预测】 代词做同位语以及同位语的位置将是这一知识点中命题的重点。如:they are b
22、oth students. Are they both students? Yes ,they both are.(规律是在陈述句及疑问句中要位于be动词后,在简短答语中要置于be前。) How silly you _! A. all are B. are all C. all do D. do all答案:A解析:首先排除C、D,不符合句中系表结构的要求,其次因为本句是感叹句,谓语动词应该在句末重读,因此排除B。但代词all和both在句中的一般位置是在情态动词或be动词之后,行为动词之前,如We are all the students of English.或We can all spe
23、ak a little Japanese.但代词all和both在省略答语或感叹句中不能出现在句末。例3:(2022 陕西卷)There is still a copy of the book in the library. Wall you go and borrow_?No, Id rather buy_in the bookstore. A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it【答案】A 。【题源探究】 本题考查的是代词one和it的代替用法。【广角思维】 句意; 这本书在图书馆还用一本,你去借吗?不,我宁愿去书店买一本。因为图书馆里只有一本
24、同样的书,用it 表示同类事物。在第二个空中,用one表示某一本书,因为书店中应不只有一本同样的书。 【易误警示】 考试应注意文中的隐藏含义,特指还是泛指是解决这类试题的关键。 【悟彻高考】 代词one和it的代替用法时的区别是,one是表示泛指,是指同类的某一个,it是特指并且是同一个。 【同类预测】 对代词one和it的代替用法的考查是代词方面的一个热点和难点把握的关键是确定特指和泛指。(1)Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always treasure. A. that
25、 B. one C. it D. what 答案:B.解析:one做moment的同位语.后面是以one为先行词的定语从句,省掉了关系代词that。(2)- Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I cant find a repair shop.- I know nearby. Come on, Ill show you. A. one B. it C. some D. that答案:A 解析:one用来代替刚提到的人或一种可数的物,it也指刚刚提到过的事物,但指同一个,C、D显然不符合题意。三、问:命题形式有哪些?答:高考对代词的考查多
26、以单项填空,完形填空和短文改错等题型出现,不再 单纯地考查代词的知识而是侧重于代词的综合利用,以及在具体的语境中的运用。例1. (2022 天津卷) He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A. this B. that C. it D. these【答案】C 。【题源探究】 考查it作形式宾语的用法。【广角思维】 it在该句中是形式宾语,真正的宾语是when and where the meeting would be held【易误警示】 受选项设计的影响,及it充当形式宾语的用法的不理解有的学生对该题
27、的考查目标不清楚,这样可能会选择A/B 【悟彻高考】 It 作形式宾语 用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式宾语的常见句型: 1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep) 例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that youll do the task on yo
28、ur own. 2. verb+it+adj./noun (ones) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth ones while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep) 例 Ill make it worth your while telling me about his secret. 3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/
29、necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that (should) verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that(should) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep) 例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference. 4. v. +it + prep. + that owe it to sb. that把归功于 leave it to sb that把
30、留给某人去做 take it for granted that 想当然 keep it in mind that 例 Dont bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out. 【同类预测】 综上所述it做形式宾语的结构灵活多变,这为出题人,考查该知识点提供了广阔的空间,这也使该知识点成为命题的一个热点。- Will you see to _ that all the papers should be handed in after class? - All right. A. this B. it C. me D. th
31、em答案:B解析:本题考查it作形式宾语的用法,真正的宾语是that从句,本句意思是“你能不能负责下课后把所有的试卷都收上来?”。例2:(2022 浙江卷) He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. When was _? _ was in 2000 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It【答案】B 。【题源探究】 这是一道综合性的考题,考查this/that指代句子的用法,及it在强
32、调句型中的运用。【广角思维】 第一空用that 指代上文。第二空是it引出的强调句型。 【易误警示】 对this/that的指代规律不清楚,第一空可能会选this;如果分不清第二空的真正结构可能会选this 【悟彻高考】 It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who) 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。 在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点: 1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句 例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity? 2. 在强调原因状语从句时,只能强调由
33、because所引导的从句 例 It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school yesterday. 3. 在强调not until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上 例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother. 【同类预测】强调句型的结构灵活多变,并且能与其他句子结构混淆在一起,这些特种使这一知识点成为各种考试中命题人普遍关注的敏感的问题。】 - He was nearly drowned
34、once. - When was _? - _ was 1998 when he was in middle school. A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This答案:A解析:that可以用来指代前文的内容,而it在此指代时间。this一般指下文要提到的,而that指上文已经提到过的事情,如:What I want you to remember is this: English is of great use.They cant not afford it. That is their problem.例3:(太原市2022年
35、高三年级模拟试题一)The doctors said that few patients,_ ,could come back to normal after getting this disease Aif some Bif any Cif have Dif has【答案】A 。【题源探究】 考查some和 any的区别以及含有代词的一些固定短语。【广角思维】 句意是“如果有一些病人能恢复正常的话也很少。” If any符合语境。 【易误警示】 很多考生收固定思维的影响,认定some用在肯定句中,这样就选择了if some. 【悟彻高考】 some 常用在肯定句中,而any 则常用在否定和疑
36、问句中和条件状语从句。在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。 【同类预测】 some和 any的区别是最简单也最容易出错的用法,对它们的测试在命题中频繁出现。- Your coffee smells great!- Its from Mexico. Would you like_?A. it B. some C. this D. little答案:B解析:在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any四、问:易错点在哪里?答:针对这一考点,考生易犯的错有: 反身代词和某些动词或介词连用构成的短语。 某些代词在句型结构
37、中的固定使用。 it, that, one作替代词的用法区别。 限定词的顺序,此类考题出现不多,是考生较难把握的一个知识点。全否定和半否定的用法例1. (08山东卷)Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and _ before you leave.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing【答案】A 。【题源探究】 考查 something、anything、everything和 nothing的区别,尤其是anything和everything的区别。【广角思维】 该句的意思是“在你离
38、开前务必确定你得到了通行证、票和所必须的一切东西。” 所需要的东西在该题中提供了一个隐含的范围,而指代范围内的一切用everything. 【易误警示】 该题容易排除D。但是A/B/C该怎么选择就很难了。有的学生一看该题是肯定句就不加思考选择可答案A。【悟彻高考】 something是指某些,可以用在肯定句和疑问句中。Anything是指没有一个固定范围的任何东西,可以用在肯定句和疑问句中以及否定句中。You can take anything you like.Everything是指固定范围内的一切东西。【同类预测】 对该组词的考查会集中在对anything和everything的考查,与
39、这一用法类似的结构有anyone和everyone。He cares so little about his meals that _ will do so long as it fills his stomach. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something答案:A解析:根据上句“他基本上不在乎吃什么饭”可以推断“任何能填饱肚子的东西都成”,因此用anything“任何东西”。例2:(08福建卷)21. How do you find your new classmates? Most of them are kind, but _ i
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2019届人教A版数学必修二同步课后篇巩固探究:2-1-1 平面 WORD版含解析.docx
