2019届高考英语一轮复习练习：21 强化增分练.doc

1、题组层级快练(二十一)第卷强化增分练(时间：45分钟).语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。British families started going on holiday to the seaside around the middle of the 19th century. The _1_ (invent)of the railways made this possible. The first holiday makers _2_ (be)quite rich and went for their health and education.

2、 The seaside was a place to cure people of illness. And doctors recommended bathing in the sea and drinking sea water. At that time ordinary working people had very little time off work. _3_， in 1871, the government introduced four “Bank Holidays”， that is national holidays. This allowed people _4_(

3、have)a day or two out now and then, _5_ gave them a taste for leisure and seaside. At first, they went on a day trip, taking advantage _6_ special trip tickets on the railways. By the 1880s, _7_ (rise)incomes meant that many ordinary workers and their families could have holiday at the seaside. Welf

4、are was reduced and cheap hotels _8_ (build)for them. Holiday makers enjoy _9_ (sit)on the beach, bathing in the sea and eating ice cream. Cheap entertainment was on offer and holiday makers went to have fun. Today _10_ English seaside remains popular with more than 18 million holidays taken there e

5、ach year. 1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _10. _答案与解析【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国海边旅游度假的发展史。1. 答案invention解析考查词性转换。定冠词the一般用来修饰名词，且与介词of相呼应，故用所给词的名词形式invention。2. 答案were来源:Z_xx_k.Com解析考查动词的时态和主谓一致。与语境中and went呼应可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填were。3. 答案However解析考查副词。根据空格前一句中had very little time off work和空格后introduced f

6、our Bank Holidays可知，所填词前后两句之间是逻辑上的转折关系。4. 答案to have解析考查固定词组。allow sb.to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。5. 答案which解析考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代其前整个句子。6. 答案of解析考查介词。take advantage of意为“利用”。7. 答案rising解析考查非谓语动词。此处空格后面是名词incomes，故应用rise的ing形式作前置定语。8. 答案were built解析考查动词的时态和语态。此处用一般过去时，且build和其主语cheap hotels构成逻

7、辑上的被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。9. 答案sitting解析考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth.意为“乐意做某事”。10. 答案the解析考查冠词。seaside不是第一次在文章中出现，其前应用定冠词the修饰，表示特指。.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2. 只

8、允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear Mum，This afternoon, our teacher asked us list what our parents had done for us. I write down a lot of good sides. Time passes quickly, isnt it? It is three years when I became a high school student. Looking back on the progresses that I have made so far, I really appreciat

9、e for your support. I know that without your properly guidance, I would not have done so well. However, what still makes me puzzling is how to make my dream to go to the top university come true. Please continue to lend I a hand. I really need your help.Kate答案1.第一句在list前加to2. 第二句中writewrote3. 第三句中is

10、ntdoesnt4. 第四句中whensince5. 第五句中progressesprogress6. 第五句中for去掉7. 第六句中properlyproper8. 第七句中puzzlingpuzzled9. 第七句中thea10. 第八句中Ime.书面表达生活中我们都需要朋友，我们该结交怎样的朋友，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语(quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇短文。A true friend is a source of strength and hope. Jonathan Lockwood Huie内容要求：1你对该引语的理解；2. 你的相关经历；3. 恰当的结

11、尾。注意：1短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；2词数100左右。This quotation from Jonathan Lockwood Huie tells us that 来源:Z。xx。k.Com_【参考范文】This quotation from Jonathan Lockwood Huie tells us that real friends can give us strength and hope when we are in trouble and real friends can benefit from each other. We need such friends as

12、can point out our mistakes directly and have the same life goals as us. Once I failed again and again in my math and lost interest in it, it was my best friend that encouraged me not to give up and offered help in time. With his kind and selfless help, I gradually caught up with others.So I say we n

13、eed friends but what we most need is a friend that can enrich our life.阅读理解组合练(时间：15分钟).阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits including making your brain sharper.Yes, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions such as memory and atte

14、ntion. There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad

15、, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits(缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweigh

16、t participants, some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed dam

17、aged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteers who didnt lose weight dropped even further.The study help

18、ed Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function, Now that hes seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way eating healthier and getting more active. He expe

19、cts that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well，” he says.来源:学科网1. There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions be

20、cause researchers _A. believe overweight only affects our bodyB. have focused on ways to sharpen peoples mindC. do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive abilityD. are clear about the relation between weight and mental functions2. The result of Gunstads study shows that _A. losing we

21、ight has little effect on peoples memoryB. losing weight can improve peoples mental functionsC. overweight people are likely to have psychology problemsD. overweight peoples abilities of concentration differ greatly3. What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research?A. Slim people are smarter

22、than overweight people.B. Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight.C. Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation.D. Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise.4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Body Weight and HealthB. Losing Wei

23、ght by OperationC. Ways to Improve Mental FunctionsD. Losing Weight to Sharpen Your Mind来源:1答案与解析【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类文。中心是“减肥可以使人更聪明”。Gunstad的研究表明减肥能提高人们的脑力功能，不管是通过手术减肥还是锻炼控制饮食都是有效果的。1. 答案C解析细节理解题。从文章第二段中的There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally

24、 believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance.可知，很少关于过度肥胖和认知功能的调查，因为研究人员没有认为过度肥胖是认知水平低的原因。2. 答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Ken

25、t State University.可知Gunstad的研究表明减肥能提高人们的脑力功能。故B项正确。3. 答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way eating healthier and getting more active.可知Gunstad下一步在调查中想要证明的是通过锻炼过度肥胖的人可以变得聪明。4. 答案D解析主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Losing weight comes with a lot of health

26、benefits including making your brain sharper.可知，这篇文章主要讲述减肥可以使人变得更聪明。故D项作为标题最好。.阅读填空根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Keep Your Body in Balance When on a Diet(2019唐山模拟)The basic principle of weight loss is that the total calories expended in energy must be greater than the total calori

27、es consumed. However, if you take dieting and exercise to extremes, your body can be thrown off balance. _1_ By paying attention to some basic principles of selfcare and nutrition, you can avoid putting your body under too much stress._2_ Depending on the diet you are following, consume small meals

28、regularly to prevent blood sugar spiking and lowering which cause tiredness, light headedness, headaches, irritability and food longing. Aim to consume a small meal, snack or a glass of juice every three hours. If following a liquidonly diet plan, make sure you are consuming liquids containing enoug

29、h nutrients to support your body.Stay hydrated(含水的). Ensure you drink plenty of water to keep your body in balance. _3_ Water helps the body function most effectively and facilitates the dieting process by aiding the removal of toxins.Get plenty of sleep. _4_ Extreme diets should only be followed fo

30、r a few days. Dont cut out food groups, such as carbohydrate, completely. Try to plan these diets for a weekend or for days off work so that you can rest the body during times when you will be consuming a limited or very lowcalorie diet. Take some forms of exercise, such as walking, jogging, swimmin

31、g or yoga. Exercise is beneficial to keeping the body in balance, boosting heart rate, blood flow and aiding general wellbeing. _5_A. Balance your blood sugar.B. We all accept that eating away at home can add more calories.C. If undertaking an extreme diet, make sure you get plenty of rest.D. When f

32、ollowing any diet plan, make sure you are not damaging your health.E. Eat more vegetables, drink more water, move more and get rid of the junk food.F. But do not undertake extreme physical exercise if following a very lowcalorie plan. G. Keep a bottle of water with you at all times, whether at work,

33、 at home or travelling.答案与解析【文章大意】节食减肥过程中要注意保持营养摄入均衡。本文主要介绍了如何在节食时保持身体健康。1. 答案D解析上文提到在减肥过程中要注意保持营养摄入均衡，如果过度节食或过度锻炼，身体就会失去平衡，故此处选择D项，意思是“在执行任何节食减肥计划时，确保不要损害健康”。来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K2. 答案A解析本段主要论述了要避免因血糖过高或过低引起的一些身体方面的不适，故选择A项，意思是“要平衡血糖的含量”。3. 答案G解析本段主要论述了保持身体水分的重要性，故选择G项，意思是“无论在工作、在家中还是在旅行时，你都要随时准备一瓶水”。4. 答案C解析根据本段主旨“Get plenty of sleep”可知，此处选择C项，意思是“如果极度节食，你要确保获得充分的休息”。5. 答案F解析上文提到了散步、游泳或者瑜伽等身体锻炼的重要性，此处选择F项，意思是“如果摄入的卡路里过低时，不要进行极端的身体锻炼”，表示一个小小的转折。