学会英语构词法猜测词义.ppt

1、利用构词法猜词意 Lions are opportunists.They prefer to eat without having to do too much work.When resting in the shade,they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by,and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on.If another

2、 animal has made a kill,they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding.Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down.By describing lions as“opportunists”in the first paragraph,the author means to say that lions _

3、.A.are cruel animals B.are clever animalsC.Like to take advantage of other animalsD.Like to take every chance to eat1.time-travel TV drama2.group purchasing3.daddy-is-the-key 猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语之合成法拼爹穿越剧团购把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做合成法1.直接写在一起。2.用连字符(-)连接。4.disclose ones secret5.Microblog6.Its all floating

4、cloud.7.envious,jealous and hateful.猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语之派生法神马都是浮云微博吐槽前缀:一般只改变词义,不改变词类后缀:一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化羡慕嫉妒恨猜猜看最时髦的网络流行语之转化法8.被雷倒(到)了9.淡定转化法：不添加任何成分,不改变词形,把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。in shock/shock sbkeep calm/calm down构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）【前缀/后缀】转化法（Conversion）【词性转换】合成（compounding）合成法：合成名词合成形

5、容词构词方式例词blood-test验血，she-wolf母狼mass-批量生产handwriting,shorthand速记freezing-point,reading roomwashroom,breakthrough突破，outbreak 名词/代词+名词名词+动名词形容词+名词动名词+名词动词+名词动词+副词副词+动词production爆发2.合成形容词构成方式例词noble-minded,three-leggedgood-looking,fine-sounding动听的high-class高级的，large-scale大规模的duty-free免税的，airsick晕机的形容词/数

6、词+名词+ed形容词+现在分词形容词+名词名词+形容词peace-loving,English-speakingman-made,snow-coveredhard-working,far-reaching深远的well-known,widespread广泛流传的four-day四天的,five-year名词+现在分词名词+过去分词副词+现在分词副词+过去分词数词+名词2011.全国卷The way people do things highlightsmany of the differences we see between.根据合成词中的high（高的）和light（灯光）推测，highl

7、ight的意思是（强光）。转化为一个动词，与differences搭配，意思为2009.全国卷 But the truth is that you can have last nights leftovers in the morning if you want to.根据合成词中的left（剩下的）和over（过量）推测，leftovers的意思是派生法（Derivation）-词缀法1.前缀prefixes:Pre-pre-reading,preview,precautionRe-rewrite,reconsider,reuse（前）(重新)dis-（不）disagree,dislike,

8、disappearmisunderstand,misleadmis（错误或失当）miniskirt,minibussupermarket,supermansuper-（超级）mini-（微小）in/im-（不）incorrect impossible（分开，离开）distract,dismissforetell,forecastpost(之后)postwar,post-readingfore-(前，预先)semicircle,semi-finalsemi-(半，部分)antiwar,antibody(抗体)anti-(阻止，抗)underground,underlineunder-（在下，在中

9、）de-=away from（离开，出）dethrone 除去deforest否定，非devaluation后缀（Suffixes）后缀是加在词根或单词后面的部分。后缀分为四种：1）名词后缀；2）形容词后缀；3）动词后缀；4）副词后缀1）名词后缀名词后缀有许多种，下面略举数种为例：表人，物，抽象名词等-er worker(工人)-ist artist(艺术家)-or tractor(拖拉机)-hood childhood(童年)-ship friendship(友谊)2）形容词后缀表示一种事物具有或属于某种性质或状态，表意义“是的”，“似的”-ic atomic(原子的)-ous famous

10、(著名的)-ful powerful(强有力的)-y hilly(多山的)proof water-proof（防水的）3）动词后缀表示“使成为”，“致使”，“做”，“化”，“变成”等，如：-fy glorify(使光荣)-ize modernize(现代化)-en lengthen(延长)-ate discriminate(区分)4）副词后缀表示方式、方向、性质、状态等，如：-wise clockwise(顺时针方向的)-ways crossways(交叉地)-wards southwards(向南)-ly happily(幸福地)例一：Ottawa has given out special

11、 passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed,but the US stopped a similar program last May.That forces the people to a 200-mile detour along hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint.The underlined word detour in

12、 the paragraph means.A.a drive through the townB.a race across the fieldsC.a roundabout way of travellingD.a journey in the mountain area答案C。Tour=turn，tour漫游；旅行等；这里前缀de=away from，说明偏离原道，因此转义绕道，改道，绕道而行。例二：Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1,500,agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to cu

13、stomers on Saturday.They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead.The underlined word disposable in the passage probably means_.A.acceptable B.valuable C.throw-away D.long-lasting答案C。Disposable=dis+pos+able，其中pos=place；put，dis=apart，able表示可能的，这就有了可任意处置、用完即丢的含义。The new type of

14、 pineapple was selling fast,and the Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.该词词根fix，含有固定的意思，所以fixture的意思是 转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来It has a good taste.It tastes very good.recordn.记录v.记录He broke the record.He records something while reading a book

15、.New archaeological discovers suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began in some form many countries earlier than once thought.The findings,coupled with a widening range of scientific and historical research could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the Silk

16、Road.名词couple转化为动词，意思为 combinecorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义Words Building一、请找出下列句中的合成词,指出其意义。1.This fully update

17、d book features the latest information about study opportunities.updated最新的即时练习2.It is said that a short-temperedman in the Song Dynasty(960-1279)was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly.short-tempered 急脾气的3.He is said to be“undersized,”with“short legs”and a“round stomach”.undersized个子

18、小的二、请使用able的正确形式填空。1.Computers _ people to get more information more quickly.2.He is _ to discriminate colors.He is color-blind.3.Her lack of experience is a severe_.enable unabledisability4.An accident _ him from playing football.5.Deaf people and dumb people are _.disableddisabled三、请使用like的正确形式填空。

19、1.I have taken a strong _ of him.2.She is not _ to come next month.3.Great minds think_.4.How do you _ this book?5.It was very _ that he would do that.dislike/like likelyalikelikeunlikely/likely6.I _ being disturbed.7.Everyone has his _ and_.8._ the rest of her family,she is outgoing and easy to get along with.dislikedislikeslikesUnlike/LikeThats all.Thank you！