2019-2020同步人教英语新课标选修十讲义：UNIT 1 SECTION Ⅱ　LANGUAGE POINTS WORD版含答案.doc

1、Section Language Points (Warming Up，Prereading, Reading & Comprehending) venture vt.& vi.冒险；敢于去 n. (有风险的)商业、企业(教材P1)Nothing ventured, nothing gained.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。Dont venture too near the edge of the well；you might fall in.别冒险靠水井太近，那样你会掉进去的。He failed in his ventures.他投机失败了。venture to do.鼓起勇气去做venture i

2、nto/beyond/out of冒险进入/走出venture on sth.冒险做at a venture冒险地；碰运气地This is the first time that the company has ventured into movie production.这是这家公司首次涉足电影制作。It was wrong to venture his financial security on such a risky deal.他以自己稳定的财政作赌注去做风险这么大的交易是错误的。He chose a book at a venture from the shelves.他从书架上随便

3、挑了一本书。名师点津表示“冒险”也可以用与risk有关的短语：risk sth./doing sth.冒险做某事take a risk 冒险be at risk 冒险完成句子冒昧地问一句，你们之间没发生什么事吧？I_if anything sprang up between you.他冒着生命危险为人民自由而战。He _to fight for the peoples freedom.他最近冒险做起了出口业务。He_an export business.【答案】venture to ask ventured his lifehas recently ventured into sufferin

4、g n. 苦楚；受难；痛苦；折磨；苦恼(教材P1)He slept on firewood and straw to remind him of his sufferings.他睡在木柴和稻草上以提醒自己不忘苦难。There is so much suffering in this world.这个世界上多灾多难。Her face bore the deep imprint of suffering.她的脸上带着受过苦难的深深痕迹。sufferings (pl)痛苦；苦恼suffer vt.& vi.受苦；忍受suffer from sth.遭受suffer for (it)(因此)而吃苦头T

5、he city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.这个城市因地震而遭到严重破坏。Obviously you are suffering from jet lag.很显然你正在遭受时差反应的痛苦。I know Ill suffer for it tomorrow morning，but give me another gin.我知道我明天早上会因此而难受，不过还是再给我来一杯杜松子酒吧。名师点津suffer作及物动词时，其宾语常为pain，loss，grief，insult，punishment，hardship，injustice，disa

6、ppointment等表示精神痛苦的名词，而后接遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之苦时，常用作不及物动词，需借助于介词from。完成句子_(由于患心脏病) for years, Mr.White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.Be careful, or_ (我们的工作会受损失)【答案】Having suffered from heart troubleour work will suffer block out 封闭；忘掉；抹去(教材P2)As I think of this, a black blanket dr

7、ops and covers me, almost blocking out the memories of happier times.正想到这儿，一条黑色的毛毯掉下来把我盖住，几乎把美好时光的记忆封闭了。Block out this unimportant detail at the top of your picture.在底片上把图像上部的这个不重要的细节涂掉。That wall blocks out all the light.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。block in概略画出block off封锁；封闭；隔开block up阻塞；阻挡；阻碍The main roads of the c

8、ity have been blocked off.城市的主干道路被封锁了。The fire wont burn because the flue is blocked up.因烟道堵塞火烧不起来。完成句子A piece of rock has fallen and _(把小路挡住了)Police _(封锁了那条街道)after the explosion.【答案】blocked up the pathblocked off the street blacken vt. & vi.(使)变黑；丑化；败坏的名誉(教材P2)I feel breathless as I remember my ro

9、tten toes that had to be removed when they became blackened from frostbite.一想到由于冻伤变黑而必须截去的腐烂的脚趾头，我就感到喘不过气来。The smoke had blackened the white walls of the kitchen.烟把厨房白色的墙壁熏黑了。Dont blacken my name by spreading rumours.别散布谣言败坏我的名声。en或en与形容词或名词相结合，原词由形容词或名词转化为动词。这类常见的动词还有：enrich使丰富；使富有enlarge使扩大encoura

10、ge鼓励darken使变黑sharpen使锋利deepen加深widen加宽My pencil is blunt, could you lend me a knife to sharpen it?我的铅笔钝了，你能借我把刀子削一削吗？May our partnership deepen and prosper.预祝我们的伙伴关系不断加深和发展。单句语法填空Mr.Trent hopes the city wont go through with its plans to _(wide) the street.We must _(large) our views by reading.The li

11、brary was_(rich) with new books.【答案】widenenlargeenriched (教材P2)Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive.我们的境况让人绝望，谁也不清楚会不会活着回去。(1)circumstance n. 环境；详情；境况(需用复数)The choice of technique is, therefore, a matter of preference, and in some cases circumstan

12、ce.因此，技术的选择是偏好的问题，在某些情况下也与环境有关。 I cannot recollect the exact circumstance.我总是想不起确实的情况。in any circumstances 在任何情形下in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下in/under no circumstances 无论如何不；绝不(位于句首时，句子用倒装)If we are happy in our heart, we will be happy in any circumstances.如果我们的心快乐，任何情况下都会觉得快乐。Under no circumsta

13、nces should you lend him any money.你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。 完成句子中国在任何时候和任何情况下，都不首先使用核武器。 At no time and _ will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.在这种情况下，我们必须让步。We must give in_.我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。I know I can trust her _.【答案】under no circumstancesunder this circumstancein any circumstances(2)【句式分析】句中so.th

14、at 引导结果状语从句；在状语从句中it为形式主语，whether引导的句子为真正主语。so.that.表示“如此以至于”。It was so cold outside that we had to stop the game.外面天气太冷了，我们不得不停止比赛。The picture is so beautiful that everyone likes it. 那幅画是如此好看，以至于大家都喜欢它。so.that.常用于以下结构：so形容词(表语)that从句。so形容词a(n)单数名词that从句。 so副词that从句。 somany/much/few/little(少)名词that从

15、句。 (2019全国卷，语法填空)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there.在我们去那房子的途中，雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁琢磨着要多久才能到那里。She made so good a meal that we all ate far too much.她做的饭菜那么好吃，结果我们都吃得太多了。He did so well in the examination that everyone praised him

16、.他考得那么好，人人都称赞他。名师点津such.that.用于以下三个句型：such a(n)形容词单数可数名词that.such形容词复数可数名词that.such形容词不可数名词that.such不可数名词that.完成句子缸里的水太少，不够我们这些人用的。There was _it was not enough for all of us.他学习功课非常勤奋，休息得很少很少。He worked _he had little rest.昨天天气很好，我们都出去野餐了。It was_we all went out for a picnic.【答案】so little water in the

17、 jar thatso hard at his lessons thatso fine a day yesterday that hold on 坚持；继续；(打电话时用语)请等一下；不要挂断(教材P2)Hold on now, Perce.Dont you go turning into another Tom.坚持下去，珀斯。不要变成另一个汤姆They managed to hold on until help arrived.他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来。Hold on, please.Ill see if hes in his office.请别挂断。我去看看他是否在办公室。hold

18、on还表示“将固定住；抓住；保留”，表示“抓住；保留”，后面常跟to sb./sth.。hold back (from sth.) 退缩；踌躇hold sb./sth.back 阻止；扣住；抑制hold out 维持；保持；抵抗；伸出(手)hold up 阻碍；延误；抢劫He held on to the rock to stop himself slipping.他紧紧抓住岩石以免自己往下滑。I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but was held back thankfully by the shop wind

19、ow.我有一种强烈的欲望，想伸手进去拿那个玩具玩，但幸亏我被商店橱窗阻挡了。They were ready to hold out a friendly hand.他们准备伸出友谊之手。用hold back/hold on/hold on to/hold out的适当形式填空They managed to_until we found a ladder.I would_the house for the time being.He bravely _ his tears.We can stay here as long as our supplies _【答案】hold onhold on t

20、oheld back hold out (教材P3)So it was with great excitement one morning in July 1914 that I read this advertisement.所以在1914年7月的一个早晨，我是怀着无比激动的心情读这则广告的【句式分析】这是强调结构的句子，with great excitement one morning in July 1914是被强调部分。It was in the street that I met your parents yesterday.昨天我是在街上遇到你父母的。强调句型的构成：It is (

21、was) 被强调部分 that (who) 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其他部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。 强调句型的一般疑问句：直接把is或was提到it之前即可。强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 is (was) it that 句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?是汤姆昨天在教室里发现了你的钢笔吗？Who was it that found your p

22、en in the classroom yesterday？是谁昨天在教室里发现了你的钢笔？名师点津(1) 强调句的时态要和原句保持一致。(2) 被强调成分若为代词，它的格也要与原句保持一致。(3) 被强调成分为时间状语时，不用when引导；为地点状语时，不用where，而都要使用连词that。 (4) 无论被强调成分为单数还是复数，it后的谓语动词都要用单数，即为It is(was).that(who)的形式。特别提示：但若被强调成分是主语，that (who)后的谓语动词仍需与之保持一致。把下列句子改为强调句，强调画线部分Is Mr.Wang going to give us a talk

23、 this evening?_What you did made a deep impression on us._They finished searching the house at four oclock in the morning_【答案】Is it this evening that Mr.Wang is going to give us a talk？It was what you did that made a deep impression on us.It was at four oclock in the morning that they finished searc

24、hing the house. hook n. 钩；吊钩 vt. 钩住；迷上(教材P3)An expedition with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton to the South PoleI was hooked! 同伟大的欧内斯特沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险我被深深迷住了！Please hang your coat on the hook.请把你的外衣挂在钩上。She had managed to hook a wealthy husband.她成功地嫁到了一位有钱的丈夫。let/get sb.off the hook 使/帮某人脱离困境hook on钩住；追随

25、hook up to sth.(电器)连接；接通I am hooked on collecting clocks.我迷上了收集时钟。This is a dress that hooks at the back.这是件从后背用钩扣的连衣裙。【图形助记】吊钩钓鱼翻译句子把你的毛巾挂在那个钩子上。_检查一下计算机是否与打印机接通。_【答案】Hang your towel on that hook.Check (whether) the computer is hooked up to the printer. (教材P3)His perseverance won our complete faith

26、 in him.他顽强的精神赢得了我们对他的信任。(1)perseverance n坚持不懈；毅力；锲而不舍He is slow to learn, but shows great perseverance.他学得慢，但是他表现出不屈不挠的毅力。 By perseverance the lame boy learned to swim.这位跛童靠毅力学会了游泳。persevere vi.坚持不懈；锲而不舍persevering adj.坚持不懈的；锲而不舍的persevere in/at/with.坚持If you persevere with work, youll succeed in t

27、he end.你如果把工作坚持下去，最终会取得成功的。 Despite a number of setbacks，they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon.虽屡遭挫折，他们仍不断尝试乘气球环游世界。完成句子警察们将竭尽所能使人质获释。The policemen will _their efforts to free the hostages.她是一位娴静而锲而不舍的年轻女性。She is a quiet and _.【答案】persevere with persevering young wom

28、an(2)faith n. 信仰；信任；信心He has great talent, but he has lost his faith.他很有天赋，但是他已经丧失了信心。 Love asks faith and faith asks firmness.爱情要求信任，信任要求坚定。 have faith in信任lose faith in对失去信任faithful adj.忠实的；忠诚的faithfully adv.忠实地；忠诚地I still have faith in John despite his shortcomings.虽然约翰有缺点，我仍然信任他。A true friend is

29、 faithful to the end.真正的朋友到死都是忠诚的。完成句子Im delighted to know you _(对我如此信赖)He had always been a_(忠诚的朋友)【答案】have such faith in me faithful friend give way to 让路；让步；转为(教材P3)He was always honest with us (as in the advertisement) and never gave way to disappointment.他总是对我们坦诚相待(像广告中的那样)，从不灰心丧气，从不放弃。Dont giv

30、e way to grief.不要过度悲伤。(2019全国卷，完形填空)It ends abruptly at 3，000 metres，giving way to lands of low growing plants.它在海拔3 000米的地方突然中断，取而代之的是低矮的植物。give up放弃give out 分发；耗尽；发出(光或热)give back 归还；恢复give in 屈服；让步give away 分发；泄露If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up？如果Louis能解决

31、他的问题，我为什么要放弃呢？完成句子洪水来临时琼斯太太并没有害怕。Mrs.Jones didnt _ during the flood.冬天过去， 春天来到，白天越来越长了。As winter _， the days began to lengthen.【答案】give way to fearsgave way to spring (教材P3)Soon Shackleton set_out the framework for our life here: no difference in rank or in social status.不久沙克尔顿阐明了我们这里的生活准则：取消级别和社会的差

32、异(1)set out出发；开始；装饰；阐明；陈述；移植；设计He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.他开始粉刷整个屋子，可是才刷完前面的那部分。The wall was set out with pictures.这墙用字画装饰着。set about (doing) sth.着手(某项工作)set back 妨碍，阻碍set down 把放下来；记下set in (气候，季节等)开始set off 动身，出发；发出，引起set up 竖起；创立Once I realized what was w

33、rong, I set about correcting it.我一意识到错误马上就纠正。The young man has just set up a new national record in high jump.那个小伙子刚创造了全国跳高纪录。You had better set down your idea before you forget it.你最好把你的意见写下来，以免忘记。完成句子明天我打算7点动身去上海。Tomorrow I am going to _ at 7.地震以后，许多高楼又建起来了。After the earthquake，_again.【答案】set off

34、for Shanghaimany tall buildings were set up(2)rank n. 阶级；等级；军衔；行；列Each rank has a name.每一个等级都有名称。Taxis stand in a (taxi) rank waiting to be hired.出租车排成一列等候乘客。rank vt.位居；把分等级break ranks 出列，落后fall into ranks 加入行列，排队keep ranks 保持队形，维持秩序She ranks high in her class.她在班上名列前茅。A bugle blared and a bass voic

35、e shouted the command to break ranks.接着便吹起喇叭，同时一个低调的声音发出解散队伍的命令。完成句子The soldier was promoted to _(上尉军衔)People from _(各阶层、各阶级)are equal here.How do you _(将汤姆列为级)as a chess player?【答案】the rank of captainall ranks and classesrank Tom advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；支持 n. 拥护者；提倡者(教材P3)We who remained on Elephant Isl

36、and swore that we would do as he advocated: remain optimistic and recover our health before he returned to rescue us.我们这些留在神象岛等待的人都发誓我们要按他的主张那样去做：在他回来之前保持乐观、恢复健康。She is a passionate advocate of education reform.她是一名教育改革的热情拥护者。advocate sth.提倡advocateMany people advocate building more hospitals.许多人主张增设医院。 The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。完成句子你主张让所有孩子直到十六岁一直待在学校吗？Do you_all children at school till the age of sixteen?工会不提倡用暴力使得工资提高。The union_ to get pay raised.【答案】advocate keepingdoesnt advocate the use of violence