2019-2020学年人教版英语选修九新素养同步讲义：UNIT 3 AUSTRALIA 4　UNIT 3　SECTION Ⅳ　GRAMMAR .doc

1、Section Grammar & Writing表语他在儿时就当了国王。He became king when he _答案：was a child我们一共7人。We are _答案：seven你忙吗？Are you _？答案：busy我能做的只是等待。All I could do was _答案：to wait恭维即是说谎。Complimenting is _答案：lying看到那些事太令人惊讶了。Its _ surprising to see those things.答案：so那就是他的意思。Thats _答案：what he means自我探究表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等

2、，它位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。可以作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、从句等。一、表语的定义表语用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态。它一般位于系动词(be，become，get，look，seem，appear，grow，turn等)之后，与之构成“系表结构”。二、充当表语的成分表语类型例句名词He became a famous scientist.他成了一位著名的科学家。代词Is this dictionary yours?这本词典是你的吗？形容词The teachers words remain fresh in my mind.老师的话在我的脑海中记忆犹新。数词

3、The child will be ten next month.这个孩子下个月将十周岁。动词不定式To teach is to learn.教即是学。His wish is to be a famous actor.他的愿望是成为一名著名的演员。动词-ingHis job is cleaning streets in the morning.他的工作是早晨扫街道。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。动词-edAll the children felt disappointed about the result.所有的孩子都对结果感到失望。介词短语Marys father is

4、out of work now.玛丽的父亲现在失业了。副词Is everyone in？大家都在吗？词组They are twice the size of chickens.它们有鸡的两倍大。That would be a great weight off my mind.这会了却我一大心事。表语从句Times arent what they were.时代不同了。The truth is that he has never been abroad.事实是他从未出过国。This factory is where he worked two years ago.这个工厂就是他两年前工作过的地方

5、。三、表语中应注意的问题表语形容词：英语中，有些形容词在句中只作表语(有时可以作状语)，一般不能作定语。例如：alone，asleep，alike，alive，awake，afraid，ill，ashamed，interested，excited，glad等。The two books on the desk are alike.桌子上的那两本书很相似。She is too ashamed to say a word.她羞愧得说不出话来。分词作表语分词作表语有现在分词和过去分词两种情况，表示“令人的”，用现在分词形式；表示“感到的”，用过去分词形式。例如：若人对某事物感兴趣，就是sb.is i

6、nterested in.若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth.is interesting。Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多，他们会被搞糊涂的。动词不定式作表语，用以解释说明实义动词do的精确含义时，to可以省略。All I want to do most now is (to) have a good rest.我现在最想做的就是好好休息一下。表语从句(1)表语从句的定义表语

7、从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，即用一个句子作为表语。表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。另外，常用的还有The reason is that.和It is because.等结构。例如：The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是我们什么时候能涨工资。(2)表语从句中应注意的几个问题：表语从句要用陈述语序。不可以用if，而要用whether连接表语从句。that在表语从句中通常不可省略。 单句改错1She is so considerable towa

8、rds others that everyone gets on well with her._答案：considerableconsiderate2We hold such a strong belief that only the person with strong determination and passion is like to make a brilliant athlete._答案：likelikely3Although he has taken a lot of medicine，his health remains poorly._答案：poorlypoor4What

9、he said sounds friend._答案：friendfriendly5In hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she went pale._答案：InOn 语法与写作我需要的是书，而她需要的是钱。What I need_while what she needs_.答案：are books；is money这朵花闻起来很香。This flower_答案：smells very sweet当我跳入水池中时，感觉到水凉凉的。_when I jumped into the pool.答案：The water felt coo

10、l他对这堂课很感兴趣。He was_in this class.答案：very interested我的工作是照看这些孩子。My job is_答案：looking after these children如何回复电子邮件 写作要求假设你是李华，你英国的笔友Mike写信询问你班近期搞的“班级图书馆”的情况。请根据以下信息提示给他写一封100词左右的回信，需包括以下要点：1活动的目的；2活动的组织情况；3同学们的反应；4自己的感想。 审题谋篇1本篇作文写作的体裁是应用文写作中的电子邮件，突出了英语语言学习中语言运用和交际的目的。2题目给出语言运用的情境，以及写作的要点提示，但所给出的要点仅是文章

11、应包括的内容，而非具体的语言信息，所以考生切忌做逐句的翻译。3写作过程中， 要充分发挥想象力，使行文既要点齐全，又言之有物。 写作要点很高兴知道你对我们最近建起的班级图书馆感兴趣。_ our class library we _recently.答案：Im very glad to know youre interested in；have organized现在我想告诉你关于它的一些情况。Now _ you something about it.答案：Id like to tell我们校长号召我们建一个班级图书馆。Our headmaster _ a class library.答案：cal

12、led on us to build之后，我们举行了一次会议来制定一些借还书的规则并选了一些学生来负责。After that，_ and choose some students to manage them.答案：we held a meeting to make some rules of borrowing and returning books通过充分利用班级图书馆，我获益匪浅。By _ the class library，I have benefited a lot.答案：making the most of 妙笔成篇_One possible version：Dear Mike，I

13、m very glad to know you are interested in our class library we have organized recently.Now Id like to tell you something about it.In order to arouse our interest in reading good books and broaden our horizons，our headmaster called on us to build a class library.We were all very happy with the idea a

14、nd supported it strongly.Firstly we determined a particular space in the class and bought several bookshelves.Each student offered at least one book which was worth reading.And then we classified the books according to the subject and put them on the shelves in order.After that，we held a meeting to

15、make some rules of borrowing and returning books and choose some students to manage them.By making the most of the class library，I have benefited a lot.Best wishes.Yours，Li Hua课时作业9 单句语法填空1The question is _ he will come or not.答案：whether2The purpose of education is _(free) the mind and the spirit.答案

16、：to free3One disadvantage is that you may not get _(pay) until the study is completed.答案：paid4The meeting was put off, which was exactly _ we wanted.答案：what5His suit has become loose. He seems to _(lose) weight.答案：have lost6What I want to do is _(take) a holiday right away.答案：take7The situation in o

17、ur country is _(encourage)答案：encouraging8The trouble is _ we are short of money.答案：that9That is _ stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.答案：why10What the doctor really doubts is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.答案：whether 阅读理解AVenus, the Wildest Advent

18、ure in 3016!A trip to the moon, to Mars? You are out. Venus(金星) is your choice! Our spaceship carries you there at the speed of light!Amazing Venus FactsTemperature range: ALWAYS about 450 degrees Celsius. Great for barbecues!Seasons: No seasons. Always visit during best season!Gravity strength: 0.9

19、1 of Earths gravity. Makes you lighter and more alive than ever!Water: NONE. All boiled away.Day length: 1 day243 Earth days. Longest days in solar system, so fun never ends!Rate of turning: 0.002 km/second. Turns in opposite direction of the earth, so able to see sun rise in the west and set in the

20、 east.Year length: 1 year224.7 Earth days or 0.62 of an Earth year.Rate of revolution: 35.03 km/second.Atmosphere：Very thick.96% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, and 0.1% water vapor.Cant support life: Suffocating carbon dioxide, thick clouds of sulfuric acid, and gases create greenhouse effect so very

21、hot and no water.*Your Accommodations*You will travel on a hightech rocket ship that will transport you from Earth to Venus in a mere 2.4 minutes by traveling at the speed of light. This trip will cost only $750，000.Our two hotels are very luxurious and are super strong, allowing you to lie on the g

22、round without being crushed by the pressure of the atmosphere. They are called Venus Heaven and Rocket Palace, and the cost to stay is only $200 per night. Youll get your moneys worth at these two hotels, receiving free meals every day.To book a trip, call 1800.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了3016年组织的一次到金星的冒险旅行并介

23、绍了金星的一些情况。1What would you see if you faced east on Venus?AThe rising sun.BThe circling earth.CThe setting sun. DThe full moon.C解析：细节理解题。根据Amazing Venus Facts部分第六段第二句可知，在金星上面向东方可以看到日落。故C项符合题意。2During the trip to Venus, you would pay nothing for _AserviceBfoodCthe spaceshipDthe hotelB解析：细节理解题。根据Your A

24、ccommodations部分第二段最后一句可知，在去金星旅行期间，你的食物不需要付费。故B项符合题意。3Which section of a magazine is the text from?AFashion circle.BNews report.CModern art.DFuture world.D解析：文章出处题。根据文章的题目Venus，the Wildest Adventure in 3016！可知，这次旅行发生在一千年之后，由此可推知，这是未来的事情。故D项符合题意。BThere is growing evidence that watching hours and hours

25、 of TV can promote kids to eat unhealthy foods and gain more weight.But for many parents，the television is still a convenient solution of entertainment.Hoping to show light on how to best help parents cut back on such TV time，scientists identified certain characteristics among babies and mothers tha

26、t tend to promote more hours in front of the screen.In the study，the researchers analyzed data from 217 mother and baby pairs.At 3，6，9，12，and 18 months after birth，the babies mothers reported on how long the TV was on during the day and how often they fed their babies while watching TV.Overall，mothe

27、rs spent a significant amount of time watching television，and it was reported that they spent quite a bit of time feeding their babies in front of the TV as well.Babies just 3 months old were exposed to an average of nearly three hours of TV or videos daily，and nearly 40% of the youngsters were expo

28、sed to three hours of TV every day by the time they were a year old.The scientists were also able to find some factors that contribute to fewer hours in front of the screen，however.Moms with a high school diploma or any additional education were less likely to have TVs in their babies room，and less

29、likely to keep the television on during meals.Eating in front of the television can lead to unhealthy dining habits that affect childhood and adulthood since mothers feeding babies while watching TV might not focus，which can lead to overfeeding.So while its not surprising that meals and television a

30、rent a healthy combination，understanding the range of factors that contribute to greater TV exposure may help parents to build more effective ways to limit too much screen time.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了婴儿的饮食习惯与母亲看电视的时间有一定的联系，看电视时给孩子喂奶哺乳可能会促使儿童养成不健康的饮食习惯。4What were the mothers asked to report in the stu

31、dy?AThe characteristics among babies and mothers caused by TV.BThe ages of their babies and times they fed them with TV on.CThe time they spent on TV and times they fed babies before TV.DThe time they watched TV and the amount of food they fed their babies.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，研究人员要求这些婴儿的母亲汇报她们看电视的时

32、间和看电视期间喂奶哺乳的频率。故选C。5What brings mothers wise use of television according to the study?AInterest.BEducation.CIntelligence.DAge.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Moms with a high school diploma or any additional education.”可知，受教育程度高的妇女，能更加理智地使用电视。故选B。6Babies might be fed more than they need before TV because _Atheir

33、 mothers dont focus on cooking Bbabies tend to eat more in front of TVCbabies eat carelessly when exposed to TVDTV might draw their mothers attentionD解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“.since mothers feeding babies while watching TV might not focus，which can lead to overfeeding.”可知，母亲看电视时喂孩子会因注意力不集中而喂过量。故选D。7What d

34、oes the writer intend to tell us?AMothers feeding babies should give up watching TV.BWatching too much TV can make kids gain more weight.CMothers with babies should limit the time spent on TV.DWatching TV is a suitable way of entertainment for parents.C解析：写作意图题。根据文章的首尾两段，尤其是最后一段的最后一句可知，作者写此文的目的旨在告诫有

35、小孩的母亲应该限制看电视的时间和次数，尤其是在给婴儿哺乳喂奶时尽量不要看电视。故选C。 语法填空Family values are principles that help to define us as human beings. These values are learned, and are usually passed down from one generation to 1._. However, they can also change over time, 2._(depend) upon the circumstances in which families find th

36、emselves. They shape the way we behave, they help families stick together, and they give us our identity.We always admire a person who treats the elderly with respect, or 3._(help) people in need, or is always honest with others. Such 4._(admire) behavior is usually a direct result of the values tha

37、t a person was taught by his family.These values or principlesrespect, fairness and 5._(honest) among many othersalso help hold the family together in times of trouble. When problems arise, the family is able to withstand them because they share the same idea about 6._ is important. When family memb

38、ers feel pressure from the outside world, they know they can come into their family for 7._ comforting connection.Finally, family values make us who we are. 8._ we talk about our personal character and what 9._(influence) our decisions, we do so based on the values 10._(give) to us by our family.【解题

39、导语】本文是一篇议论文，论述了家庭价值观的作用。1another解析：考查代词。from one.to another.是固定结构，表示“从一个到另一个”。2depending解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处depend与句子主语之间存在主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。3helps解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知此处用一般现在时，并且a person是第三人称，故填单数形式。4admirable解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处需要一个形容词作定语，故填admirable“令人羡慕的”。5honesty解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用名词形式。6wh

40、at解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用what引导宾语从句，并充当从句的主语。7a解析：考查冠词。当家庭成员感受到外部压力时，他们知道可以到家庭里去寻求舒心的纽带。这里第一次提到，表示泛指，故用不定冠词。8When解析：考查状语从句的引导词。结合语境可知，此处应用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当时”。9influences解析：考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，这里“what influences our decisions”是宾语从句，what作主语，表示单数意义，故谓语动词用单数形式。10given解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处values与give之间

41、存在动宾关系，故用过去分词given作定语，修饰名词values，强调一个被动的、已经发生的动作。 书面表达假如你是李华，你校外教Mr.Johnson想让其六岁的女儿学汉语，他向你发来电子邮件，询问去哪所学校学习更好。请根据以下提示给他回一封邮件。1推荐英才语言学校；2该校有10多年的对外汉语教学经验；3该校接受不同教育程度和背景的学生；4该校课程(curriculum)丰富，授课方式灵活、生动、有趣。注意：词数100左右。_One possible version：Dear Mr. Johnson, Im very glad to learn that you want your 6year

42、old daughter to learn Chinese. Here Id like to recommend a wellknown language school in our cityYingcai Language School.The language school, which has over ten years of experience in teaching foreign students Chinese, receives students from all over the world, regardless of their educational level a

43、nd background. Its curriculum includes Chinese culture, everyday communication and spoken Chinese. All the teachers there have developed a special method so that they can make their classes lively and interesting. They even develop some online classes. Many foreign students can use Chinese freely when they leave school.I hope you can take my recommendation into consideration. If you need to know anything else, do not hesitate to contact me.Yours，Li Hua