2019-2020学年外研版英语必修三同步讲义：MODULE 4 SANDSTORMS IN ASIA 2 SECTION Ⅱ　INTRODUCTION .doc

1、Section Introduction & Reading and VocabularyLanguage Points, frighteningadj.吓人的；可怕的(教材P31)It has lasted for ten hours and was very frightening.它持续了10个小时并且非常可怕。(1)fright n惊吓，恐怖(2)frighten vt. (使)惊恐 (3)frightened adj.感到恐惧的；害怕的be frightened at/of. 害怕be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事 Its frightening to th

2、ink what could happen if terrorists did get hold of nuclear materials.一旦恐怖分子拥有核原料，其后果简直不敢想象。The poor girl appeared so afraid. She must have seen something frightening on her way home.那个可怜的女孩儿看上去非常害怕。她一定是在回家的路上看到了什么可怕的东西。即学即练单句语法填空a.Going into hospital can be very frightening(frighten) for a child.bW

3、ere you frightened at the sight of your mothers frightened look？(frighten)cAt that moment came a frightening noise, leaving people_frightened(frighten)Because of her last terrible experience, she is frightened to_go(go) out at night. (教材P31)Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and

4、dig up grass.人们砍伐树木和铲除草地也会导致沙漠的形成。cut in插嘴；打断cut off 切断；阻断；隔绝cut out 裁剪；删掉cut up 切碎 Many trees have been cut down in the past 20 years in my hometown.在过去的20年里，我家乡的许多树都被砍倒了。(陕西卷)My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down.我的叔叔还没能戒烟，但是至少他少抽了一些。即学即练单句语法填空(2016北京卷)The town was

5、 cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.It is impolite to cut in when other people are talking.Dont hesitate(犹豫) to cut out the useless information in your passage.(2019河北四校联考)Experts think the amount of homework for the students should be cut down. Besides, teachers should encourage t

6、heir students to make good use of their spare time. be caught in突然遭遇(风、雨等) (教材P32)“To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience，” he said. 他说： “被困在沙尘暴中的经历真是太可怕了。”be caught inbe trapped inbe stuck in遭遇catch sb.doing sth. 发现/撞见某人正在做某事Bad luck! We were caught in a heavy rain yesterday.真

7、倒霉！昨天我们被困在大雨中了。He was caught in heavy traffic after work.下班后他遇到了交通堵塞。即学即练单句语法填空a.Caught(catch) in a heavy snow, he didnt get there in time.bAll the passengers helped to push the bus caught(catch) in the mud.Being_caught(catch) in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.The boy who the

8、teacher considered to be the best was caught cheating(cheat) in the exam, which surprised us very much.be caught in的主语往往是被困住的人或物，作状语或定语时，要用过去分词形式caught in。有类似用法的短语还有be lost in埋头于，be buried in专心于，be addicted to沉迷于等。 strengthnU力量，力气C长处；优势(教材P32)The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandst

9、orm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people.中国中央气象局能在沙尘暴到达北京前几个周进行预报， 但沙尘暴的力量有时很惊人。(1)have the strength to do有做的力气/意志力build up ones strength 增强体质(2)strong adj. 坚强的；强壮的strengthen v. 加强 He lifted the stone with all his strength.他用尽全力举起了那块石头。The

10、 ability to keep calm is one of her many strengths.能够保持冷静是她多项长处之一。即学即练单句语法填空a.(福建卷)Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?Well, you know, English is my strength(strong). So it is my best choice.bTo make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their

11、 strengths(strong) and weaknesses.(2018全国卷)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.(2016四川卷)Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to_do(do) the most difficult thing in

12、my life.链接写作完成句子(浙江卷)练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的性情。Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build_up_ones_strength,_but also develop ones character. appear to have done sth.似乎已经做过某事(教材P32)Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”近些年来沙漠化导致的沙尘暴在中国似乎有所增加。句中ap

13、pear to have done为不定式的完成式， 即不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。其中appear用作系动词意为“似乎， 好像”。其常见用法：(1)appear(to be) n/adj.似乎(2)appear to do/to be doing/to have done sth. 似乎要做/正在做/ 已经做过某事(3)It appears (to sb.) that/as if. 似乎/好像(4)There appears to be. 似乎有She did her best to appear more selfconfident than she felt.她竭力

14、表现得比她感觉的更为自信。It appears to me that we need to make some changes.我认为我们需要做一些改变。即学即练单句语法填空Tom appears to_have(have) more strengths than Bob.Id rather read than watch television; the programs appear to_be_getting(get) worse all the time.Nearly half a million people appear to_have_left(leave) their homes

15、 in the past month as a result of the disaster.链接写作句型转换It appears that China has made great progress in health care in the past few years.There appears_to_have_made great progress in health care in the past few years.We appear to need to make some changes.It_appears_that we need to make some changes

16、. “make itadj./n.(for sb.) to do”结构(教材P32)The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.这种沙尘暴有时持续一整天，车辆开得很慢，因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。句子makes it difficult to see是“make it adj./n.(for sb.) to do”结构，其中it为形式宾语，不定式to see为真正的宾语，difficult作宾补。该句型的基

17、本结构：动词it宾补真正的宾语。常用于该句型的动词：make/think/consider/find/feel/believe等。(1)动词it形容词/名词(for sb.) to do sth.(2)动词it形容词/名词从句(3)动词itno good/no use/no value/worth/worthwhiledoing sth.(福建卷)It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.使他很难适应国外新环境的是文化而

18、不是语言。The heavy snow made it impossible for them to get there on time.这次大雪使得他们不可能按时到达那儿。即学即练单句语法填空(陕西卷)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to_travel(travel) from one place to another.He considers it of great importance that he puts some money aside every month.I f

19、ind it no use arguing(argue) with Bill because he will never change his mind.链接写作一句多译我认为早晨早起是一个好习惯。I_think_it_is_a_good_habit_to_get_up_early in the morning.(形式主语)I_think_it_a_good_habit_to_get_up_early in the morning.(形式宾语)作形式宾语的词只能使用代词it。 品句填词1According to the weather forecast(预报), a hurricane is

20、likely to hit Guangdong Province tonight.2The police launched a campaign (活动) to reduce road accidents.3The soldier gathered all his strength(力量) to save the child out of water.4The film was very frightening(恐怖)I was scared to death when I was seeing it.5During the slow process(过程) of learning, ever

21、yone should have patience.6Mass(大规模的) production has made the human being live a better life.7Its dangerous to cycle(骑自行车) in the thick fog.I hope I will be home soon.8Shes Italian by birth but is now an Australian citizen(公民) 单句改错1He ran such fast that I couldnt catch up with him.suchso2Catching in

22、 the heavy snow, they had no choice but to wait at the railway station.CatchingCaught3John made it possible buy the house after earning so much money.在buy前加to4I still remember my first day at school in London and I was excited and frightening.frighteningfrightened5The boy who seemed to be honest was

23、 caught steal in the shop.stealstealing 课文语法填空Sandstorms 1.have_been(be) a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries. Scientists have tried many 2.ways(way) to solve this problem.When 3.happening(happen), sandstorms are so strong 4.that you can see nothing. There is nothing to be done. S

24、andstorms appear 5.to_have_increased(increase) as a result of “desertification”，6.which is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees.Sandstorms affecting Beijing, traffic moves 7.slowly(slow) because the thick dust makes 8.it difficu

25、lt to see. When a sandstorm arrives, experts advise people not to go out. To be cycling in a sandstorm is 9.frightening(frighten)The winds are strong. If you want to go out, youd better wear a mask.The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it ing(come) nearer, we are

26、planting many trees. 单句语法填空1Everybody has his strengths(strong) and weaknesses so we shouldnt judge a person by his look.2Caught(catch) in a traffic jam, the man arrived at the airport an hour later.3The new coat looked too large on Mary, so her mother had to cut it down4Our English teacher explains

27、 English grammar so clearly that all the students can understand.5They should make it clear for us to_know(know) how to operate the machine.6Some steps have been taken to prevent the forest from being_destroyed(destroy)7(2019重庆一中高一期中)Mr. Smith appeared to_have_earned (earn) the trust of his employer

28、 after several years.8He was almost frightened to death at the sight of the frightening snake. (frighten)9As a result of his carelessness, he didnt pass the examination.10There are masses(mass) of dark clouds in the sky, which looks as if it is going to rain. 阅读理解AMost of the sandstorms that had swe

29、pt China last year came from foreign land, a Chinese official in charge of desertification control said on Monday. And the invasions(入侵) could partly explain the frequent sandstorms in the country in recent years despite its achievements in desertification control.Since the start of last spring, the

30、 northern and northwestern Chinese regions had been hit by 17 sandstorms, of which, a dozen came from foreign land.Situated in the centralAsia sandstorm region, one of the worlds four largest sandstorm sources, China also suffers from sandstorms from outside the country while being blamed as a sand

31、source to northeast Asia. The other three major sources are in Africa, North America and Australia.The land suffering from desertification has been decreasing by 7, 585 square kilometres annually in China, and the area of sandy land has also been falling by 1, 284 square kilometres a year.The shrink

32、age(收缩) forms a clear contrast to the fact that the land suffering from desertification and sandy feature was added by 10，400 square kilometres and 3，436 square kilometres late last century, respectively.Currently, the desertification land in China makes up 2.64 million square kilometres, accounting

33、 for 27.46 percent of the nations land，and its sandy land totals 1.74 million square kilometres, accounting for 18.1 percent of the countrys total.【解题导语】本文主要讲了中国遭受沙尘暴侵袭，通过治理在控制沙漠化方面取得了一定成效。1Where do most of the sandstorms in China come from? AThe northwestern Chinese regions.BThe northern Chinese re

34、gions.CThe western part of China.DForeign countries.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二段可知，中国遭受沙尘暴侵袭的沙尘大部分来源于外国。2Which of the following is believed to be the sand source to northeast Asia? AMongolia.BAfrica.CChina.DAustralia.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，中国被认为是东北亚风沙的来源地。3What does the underlined word“decreasing”mean in Pa

35、ragraph 4? AGoing down.BGoing up.CComing from.DTaking up.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段最后的“has also been falling by 1, 284 square kilometres a year”可知，该词的意思是“减少”，与fall的意思接近，故选A项。4What can we infer from this passage? AThe land in China suffering from desertification has been increasing greatly.BChina has made achie

36、vements in its own desertification control.CThe desertification land makes up nearly half of Chinas territory.DLittle progress has been made in controlling desertification in China.B解析：推理判断题。根据文章的第四段提供的数据可以看出，中国在控制沙漠化方面取得了成效。BWe already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow down climate chan

37、ge: use less energy. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or moredoing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets.Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about cl

38、imate change. Scientists have reported recently that the world is heating up even faster than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we dont keep reducing emission(排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere. W

39、e decided to try an experiment. For one month we recorded our personal emission of CO2. We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet. The average US household produces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common things like turning on airconditioning or driving cars. Th

40、ats more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses. But how much should we try to reduce?For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Me

41、ans for Life on Earth. In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emission to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping_points,_such as the melting(融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.“To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emission

42、 by 80 percent，”he said.Good advice, I thought. Id opened our bedroom windows to let the wind in. Wed gotten so used to keeping our airconditioning going around the clock. Id almost forgotten the windows even opened. We should not let this happen again. Its time for us to change our habits if necess

43、ary. 【解题导语】文章作者通过讲述自己一家人切实有效地减少温室气体排放量的行动，向我们证明了“节约能源从家庭做起，从我做起”的重要性。5Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? ATo take special kinds of food. BTo respond to climate change. CTo lose weight. DTo improve their health. B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying ques

44、tion about climate change”可知，作者和妻子这么做的目的是回答一个令人烦恼的气候变化问题。6The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “_”Afreezing pointsBburning pointsCmelting pointsDboiling pointsC解析：词义猜测题。在他的书中，他要读者大幅减少个人温室气体排放量，以免世界来到“熔点”，下面给出的例子“such as the melting(融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or West A

45、ntarctica”， 可以判断出C项正确。7According to the passage, Tim Flannery _Amade deep cuts in his personal emission of CO2Bwrote a book about the climate changesCsucceeded in reducing CO2 emission by 80 percentDwas an author popular among readersB解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句可知， Tim Flannery的书是有关气候变化的，故B项正确。8Which of the

46、 following would be the best title for this passage? ASaving Energy Starts at HomeBChanging Our Habits Begins at WorkCChanging Climate Sounds ReasonableDReducing Emission of CO2 Proves DifficultA解析：标题归纳题。文章作者通过讲述自己一家人切实有效地减少温室气体排放量的行动，向我们证明了“节约能源从家庭做起，从我做起”的正确性。 七选五People with bad manners are refuse

47、d in the world of work. They do not get good jobs or promotions(晋升). Their business do not succeed.1._They are liked and supported.They have friends, luck and success. When you improve your manners, you improve your chances of success. The following are several examples of good manners.Be polite to

48、everyone you meet.2._For example, when you go on a job interview, be polite to the desk clerk as they can affect your chances of success. Use these magic words as often as possible: Hello, Please, Excuse me and Sorry, and use the two most important words: Thank you.Use good manners in all of your co

49、mmunications. Examples: Return telephone and email messages within 24 hours; If you receive a rude message, do not respond with rudeness, but be polite; Do not interrupt people.3._4_ Cutting in front of other cars only gains you a few seconds of time. If you are polite, patient and calm, you will ar

50、rive safely and feel more relaxed.A good sense of humor shows good manners.5._Before starting important conversations, meals or meetings, turn off your mobile phone. Ignoring people while you use your phone is impolite.AUse good manners when driving.BPeople with good manners are accepted.CYou will n

51、ever regret being polite, but you might regret being rude.DYou should learn good manners from people around you.ETell jokes or pass on humorous stories that everyone will enjoy.FMake sure people are ready to listen to you before you start talking.GIt is better to make a careful plan before you take

52、action.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要谈论的是人们在生活和工作方面都要注意文明礼仪以及有礼貌的好处。1B解析：横线前两句叙述的是没有礼貌的人生活和工作都不会成功。再根据横线后两句They are liked and supported.They have friends, luck and success.中的They应该是指有礼貌的人。所以选B项“People with good manners are accepted.”对有礼貌的人和没有礼貌的人进行前后对比。2C解析：根据本段第一句Be polite to everyone you meet.可知本段主要讲述的是我们对所遇

53、见的人要客气。所选答案必须是与polite相关的句子，只有C项“You will never regret being polite, but you might regret being rude.”是在叙述polite的好处。故C项符合本段中心思想。3F解析：根据横线前一句Do not interrupt people.不要打断别人。也就是说在你说话的时候要知道对方是否愿意听你讲话，你有没有打断别人的发言。所以F项“Make sure people are ready to listen to you before you start talking.”符合上下文语境。4A解析：根据横线后

54、一句Cutting in front of other cars only gains you a few seconds of time.插到其他汽车前面只会给你节省几秒钟的时间。说明本段是关于开车的礼仪。故A项“Use good manners when driving.”与上下文一致。5E解析：根据横线前一句A good sense of humor shows good manners.幽默也说明有礼貌。本句应该与上句相一致，谈论的都是与幽默有关的话题。选项中只有E项“Tell jokes or pass on humorous stories that everyone will enjoy.”是与幽默有关的。所以E项符合前后文语境。