2019-2020学年新人教版高中英语高效学案：必修一 定语从句新 WORD版.doc

1、高中英语定语从句讲解（一）定语从句定义1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词：when, where, why 4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.b、 In Ja

2、pan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（二）定语从句分类限定

3、性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。1、The man who gave me this book is Tom .(限定性)2、Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性)（三）关系代词1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语。e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a German .2、Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可

4、省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking .3、whose, 作定语，可指人或物 e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead.They are the lazy students whose homework wasnt handed in .4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不

5、能省略）或宾语（可省略） e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us . This is a plant that grows in the north .5、which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north .常用that不用which的情况1、当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用tha

6、t准没错。 Pay attention to everything that I do.2、当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which。 This is the best novel (that)I have read.3、如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that。They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.4、当先行词被the only, the las

7、t, the way, the same等修饰时。 This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.5、在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用that。 Which of the students that knows something about history.6、当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that. Ive got one that you might be interested in.常用which，不用that的情况1、引导非限制性定语从句。Football, whi

8、ch is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。2、直接放在介词后作宾语时（介词+关系代词结构中）。Language is the most important tool without which people cant communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。（四）关系副词1、when 指时间（1）在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year ,day ,time,week等）,但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用tha

9、t，which，不能用when e.g. Ill never forget the time when (during which ) we worked on the farm.作状语 I still remember the day that/which is his birthay.做主语 He regretted the days that /which he spent on play . 做宾语（2）It is the first time that 句型中，that是习惯用法，不用when。 e.g. It is the first time that I have been t

10、o the Great Wall .2、where 指地点 （1）指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。e.g. I know the factory where I worked twenty years ago . （2）指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where，须用that/which .e.g. This is the house where he has lived for 20 years （作状语）.This is the house that he has lived in for 20 years .（作宾语）e.g. This is the shool in which /wh

11、ere we study every year.（作状语） This is the shool that /which we visited yesterday. （作宾语）. （3）当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词3、why 表示原因“the reason why .that. ”中，不能用because 代替that .e.g. Thats the reason why (for which ) he didnt come to school .The reason why he didnt attend the meeting is that he was ill

12、 .但reason 在从句中做宾语时，关系代词用that/which ,可省略e.g. I dont believe the reason (which/that) he gave me .（五）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（whom/which）”结构。但一些短语如look after 等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时： 一是，依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配； 二是，依据先行词的某种习惯搭配； 三是，根据所要表达的意思来确定。e.g. Thats the reas

13、on why (for which ) he didnt come to school .（六）非限定性定语从句关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom ，指地点用where，指时间when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定语用whose。e.g. He didnt see the film, which was very interesting .(不用that)（七）as 引导的限制性定语从句A . such .as 和 the sameas 的用法such .as： 像.一样的，像.之类；the sameas： 和.同样的 在这两个句型中，as是关

14、系代词，such和same 作定语，修饰主语里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在从句中作主语) I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.（在从句中作宾语） The result is not the same as they had expected.( 在从句中作宾语)重点比较 :the sa

15、me as和 the same thatthe sameas:和.相同（代指同类事物）；the same that：和.相同（代指同一事物）两者都引导定语从句。as 从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一个。Eg：He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.This is the same pen that I lost. =This is

16、 the pen that I lost.(指同一支笔)This is the same (kind/type/sort) of pen as I lost.（指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）B. .such as 的用法.such as 中的such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as 在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。Eg： This book is not such as I expect.He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.相关链接：such as 还有“诸如，例如，像那样的”的意思，此时后面跟

17、名词或名词短语等。Eg：They bought a lot of fruit, such as apples,oranges,etc.（八）as 引导的非限制性定语从句as 可以像which一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此外，有些as 引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：As we know As has been said before 如上所述As is known to all As is often the case 像通常那样As is reported As was expect

18、ed 正如预料的那样Eg： She is very careful, as her work shows. As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.重点比较：as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别1、as 和which 都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as和which可以和互换。Eg：He didnt tell me any news, as/which upset me.2、Which引导

19、的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。Eg：As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. = Talks between the two countries, as is reported in the newspapers, are making progress.As与that的区别 As 引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物；that

20、 引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物。e.g. This is the same pen that I lost yesterday .这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday .这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。（九）同位语从句与定语从句区别1、同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，通常位于某一名词或代词之后，但两者存在明显区别：同为语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明，是该名词性成分具体内容的体现（相当于名词的作用）。That 引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当成分，但不能被省略，同位语从句还可以用whether,how

21、等连词引导（定语从句则不能）。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰，说明先行词的性质或特征（相当于一个形容词的作用），定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当成分（that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，充当定语从句的宾语，that可以省略）注意体会一下三组例句。（1） 第一组 We cant solve the problem how we can travel faster than light .我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。 I cant remember the problem that they have.我记不得他们的问题了。（2） 第二组 I wont believe the fact that he lied to his mother.我不愿相信他对他母亲撒谎的事实 I wont believe the fact (that) he told me .我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。（3） 第三组 The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。