2022届高三英语全国统考一轮复习讲义：必修5 UNIT 2　THE ENVIRONMENT WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 2The environment主题: 人与自然子话题: 自然生态和环境保护对应教材: 必修3Unit 1The world of our senses 必修5Unit 2The environment. 细品味经典文章(2020新高考全国卷)Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his s

2、econd home. He learned the value and beauty of nature there from a very young age. When he was 16, Molai began to notice something disturbing happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. Besides, the number of snake

3、s had declined as well. He realized that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the heat. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime. He turned to the forest department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. H

4、owever, Molai went looking on his own and discovered a nearby island where he began to plant trees. Watering young plants in the dry season was tough for a lone boy. Molai built at the top of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater. The w

5、ater would then drip(滴落)on the plants below. Molai continued to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1, 360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. . 按要求完成任务1. 翻译下面句子。Molai built at the top of each sapling a bamboo platform, where he

6、placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater. 翻译: Molai在每一棵小树的顶部建了一个竹子平台, 他把带小洞的陶罐放在上面收集雨水。2. 你认为由于自然引起的环境问题有哪些? 由于人类的破坏而导致的环境问题有哪些? (1)Caused by nature: Earthquake; Typhoon/Hurricane Snowslide; Landslide; Flood; Drought; Volcano eruption; Tsunami(2)Caused by man: Air pollution; Deserti

7、fication; Water pollution; Rubbish/Waste pollution; Noise pollution; Global warming; Explosion of mines; Radiation; Leak of gas/oil/nuclear. 重点词汇1. debate vi. 辩论; 争论, 讨论n. 辩论; 辩论会【典型例句】Recently a heated debate arose online in China about the Chinese style of crossing the road. 最近, 在中国“中国式过马路”成为网友热议的

8、话题。【词块必记】(1)debate sth. with sb. 与某人争论某事debate with sb. about/on sth. 和某人争论某事debate+wh- . . . 讨论; 思考/盘算(2)beyond debate无可争辩, 毋庸置疑under debate在讨论中【语境速测】 单句语法填空He debated with our maths teacher about the solution to the problem. Whether pollution is directly linked to the disease is under debate. Nowa

9、days many philosophers debate whether/if its right to clone an individual. 【写作金句】 Education is the current focus of public debate. 教育是目前大众谈论的焦点。2. responsibility n. 责任, 职责【教材原句】They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money. (P23)他们认为贪婪的商人逃避责任, 只为钱发

10、愁。【词块必记】(1)have the/(a) responsibility to do. . . 有责任/有义务做bear/take (on) the responsibility for承担对的责任, 为负责a sense of responsibility责任感(2)responsible adj. 有责任的, 应负责任的be responsible for应对负责; 对有责任【巧学助记】 “对负责”的多种表达bear/take the responsibility for; be responsible for/be to blame【语境速测】 单句语法填空Children get

11、the opportunity to take on full responsibility for another creatures life. Human activity is not responsible (responsibility) for all water shortages. As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride(ride) only on streets and posted bicycle paths. I am so confident that I can take the responsib

12、ility (responsible) to be a volunteer for events. 【写作金句】 If you serve society, you will grow up to be a good citizen with a strong sense of responsibility. 如果你服务社会, 你就成长为一名拥有强烈责任感的好公民。3. belief n. 看法; 信念【典型例句】I had a strong belief in my power to get what I wanted. 我坚信我有能力得到我想要的东西。【词块必记】(1)beyond bel

13、ief难以置信have a belief in相信hold the belief that . . . 持有信心(2)believe v. 相信believe in信任, 相信It is believed that. . . 人们相信Believe it or not 信不信由你【巧学助记】 动词变名词: vefrelieve (v. 解除; 减轻)relief (n. 缓解; 减轻)believe (v. 相信; 信任)belief (n. 相信; 信仰)【语境速测】 单句语法填空We have a sincere belief(believe) in the power of art to

14、 enhance human life. Its beyond belief that a 14-year-old girl could break the provincial high jump record. 句式升级We hold the belief that we will find a cure for cancer in the future. (用it 作形式主语)It is believed that we will find a cure for cancer in the future. 【写作金句】 It was once a common belief that t

15、he sun moved around the earth. 人们曾经普遍地认为太阳环绕地球运转。4. measure n. 措施, 方法; 尺度vt. 测量; 估量, 判定 vi. (指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为【教材原句】The centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification. (P33)该中心拥有300多位科学家, 他们致力于寻找阻止沙漠化的措施。【词块必记】(1)be measured by/in用来衡量/计算measure sb. for . . . 为

16、某人量尺寸(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事make . . . to sb. s measure按某人的尺寸做【名师点津】measure作名词表示“措施”时, 常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有长/宽/高”时, 为不及物动词, 不用于被动语态和进行时态; 若此意义的短语作后置定语, 要用现在分词形式。【语境速测】 单句语法填空In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with the Spring Festival coming. Righ

17、t now, the government should take powerful measures (measure) to push the states economy forward. Education should not be measured purely by/in examination results. 【写作金句】 Life should be measured by its depth, rather than by its length. 生命贵在价值而非长短。Emergency measures should be taken to protect the en

18、vironment. 亟需采取紧急措施保护环境。5. appreciate vt. 欣赏, 赞赏; 感谢; 领会, 理解 【典型例句】The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come. 在未来的数年里, 世人将会感激中国政府和人民为保护这条挚爱的河所做出的努力。【词块必记】(1)appreciate+n. /pron. /v. -ing 欣赏/感激I would appreciate it if . . .

19、 假如, 我将不胜感激(2)appreciation n. 欣赏; 感激【误区释疑】appreciate表示“感激”时, 后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 后面的宾语一般是事情或用it作形式宾语, 后不跟sb. 作宾语; appreciate sb. 意为“重视, 赏识某人”。如果表示“感激某人”则用thank sb. 。【语境速测】 单句语法填空I really appreciate cooperating (cooperate) with someone who does such a good job. Show them your appreciation (appreciate) by

20、 purchasing their goods. 一句多译如果你能考虑我的申请, 我将感激不尽。Id appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Id appreciate your taking my application into consideration. 【写作金句】 Only then did I truly begin to appreciate Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times. 直到那时我才真正地开始赞赏父亲

21、和他引导我们渡过困难时期的信念。6. particular adj. 专指的, 特指的; 特别的; 讲究的, 挑剔的 【典型例句】She has already tried her best. Please dont be too particular about her job. 她已经尽力了, 请不要对她的工作太挑剔。【词块必记】(1)be particular about/over对挑剔/讲究in particular尤其; 特别地(2)particularlyadv. 尤其; 特别地【巧学助记】 “in+n. ”短语联想in particular尤其, 特别in turn依次, 反过来

22、in common共同, 共用in detail详细地in general 普遍地, 一般地in use在使用中【语境速测】 单句语法填空Recent studies have discovered that fathers uniquely contribute to the development of their children, particularly(particular) in low-income families. It is known that the British are rather particular about table manners. It was a

23、 good concert I enjoyed the last song in particular. 【写作金句】 The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. 尤其是年轻人, 他们愿意接受这种观念, 因为每一个孩子打心底里想长大成为一个快乐的、健康的、乐于奉献的人。7. absorb vt. 吸收(气体、液体、热、光等); 理解; 使全神贯注【教材

24、原句】Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen. (P39)最后但同样重要的是, 你可以种植一棵树, 因为树木可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳, 制造氧气。【词块必记】absorb knowledge/information掌握知识/信息absorb/attract/draw ones attention/the attention of吸引某人的注意absorb . . . into . . . 把吸入be absorbe

25、d in . . . 全神贯注于【熟词生义】The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization. (兼并)【巧学助记】 be absorbed in (doing) sth. 结构在句中作状语、定语时, 常用其过去分词形式absorbed in . . . 。类似用法的还有: be lost in . . . 陷入; 专心致志于be caught/trapped in . . . 被困在be buried in . . . 埋头于be devoted to . . . 致力

26、于; 专心于be occupied in. . . 忙于be involved in . . . 专注于【语境速测】 单句语法填空Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain. When deeply absorbed (absorb)in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. Absorbed in photographing herself

27、, the girl didnt know what happened outside. 完成句子Our good learning habits will make us absorb knowledge (掌握知识)completely. 句式升级He was absorbed in writing a letter. He didnt even look up when I came in. (用过去分词作状语合并句子)Absorbed in writing a letter, he didnt even look up when I came in. 【写作金句】 A good boo

28、k could absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings. 一本好书能彻底地吸引我们的注意力, 以至于我们暂时忘掉周围的一切。. 核心短语8. run out (of) 用完, 耗尽【典型例句】Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before theres none left. 洪水灾区食物供应快用完了。我们必须在没有剩余之前立即行动。【词

29、块必记】run into撞上; 遭遇; 达到run across偶然遇到; 穿过run after追求; 追赶, 追逐run away逃离; 突然离开【易混辨析】run out (of), give out/ use uprun out不及物动词短语, 其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等run out of及物动词短语, 其主语一般为人give out作“用完, 耗尽”讲的时候, 为不及物动词短语, 其主语通常是物, 作“分发”讲的时候, 及物动词短语, 其主语为人或物use up及物动词短语, 其主语一般为人【语境速测】 用run 的短语完成句子If you run after two hare

30、s, youll catch neither. I ran across some old letters while I was clearing out a cupboard. My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had run out of petrol. 用run out, run out of, use up, give out完成下列语段We cant use up/run out of all the natural energy, leaving nothing to our offspring (子孙后代)

31、. So we must find an alternative before natural resources run out/give out. 【写作金句】 With drink and food run out of/ used up/running out/ giving out, the prisoner had to walk out of the cave where he was hiding. 随着饮料和食物的耗尽, 囚犯最终不得不走出他所隐藏的洞穴。. 经典句式9. Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consum

32、e, the more carbon we are letting off. 因此, 我们消耗的汽油和电越多, 排放的碳就越多。【典型例句】The harder you work, the more progress you will get. 你越努力, 你取得的进步就越大。【句型公式】“the+比较级. . . , the+比较级. . . ”句型, 其用法如下: (1)意为“越, 就越”, 主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的, 表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。(2)从结构上看, 第一个“the+比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来); 第二个“the+

33、比较级”是主句。(3)此结构可以用省略形式。【语境速测】 完成句子The more(越多)you know, the more(越)you will realize how little you know. The more we listened to the teacher(我们听老师讲得越多), the more we understood. The more you practise(你练得越多), the better you will speak English. The busier(越忙), the happier. 【写作金句】 The earlier you start,

34、the sooner youll be back. 你出发得越早, 回来得就越早。【备选要点】1. operate vt. 经营, 管理; 操作vi. 动手术; 运转; 见效, 起作用【教材原句】The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment. (P23)经营这些工厂的人非常关心环境。【词块必记】(1)operate on sb. (for . . . )(因某病)给某人动手术(2)operation n. 运转, 运行; 操作come/go into operation生效, 实行

35、be in operation运转中, 实施中operator n. 操作员; 接线员【巧学助记】operate操作; 经营; 运转; 管理 同义work 工作, 操作, 使产生效果run跑; 流动; 运行function vi. 运转; 发挥作用【语境速测】 单句语法填空He dialed the operator (operate)and put in a call to Rome. To our surprise, the operation (operate)on her heart lasted three hours. 完成句子The new law will come into

36、operation(生效) by midnight tomorrow. 【写作金句】 When operated according to the instructions, the robot can behave like a human being with average IQ. 当根据说明书操作时, 机器人可以表现得和普通智商的人类一样。2. quantity n. 数量, 量【典型例句】In order to overcome the difficulty, they had to buy goods in quantity/ in large quantities from Af

37、rica. 为了克服困难, 他们不得不从非洲大量购买货物。【词块必记】in quantity/in large quantities(= in large amounts)大量地【语境速测】 单句语法填空Large quantities of steam are(be)required by modern industry. As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered (cover)the land. Huge quantities of oil were leaking (leak

38、) into the sea, which caused the environmental damage. A large quantity of soil has been washed away during the rainy season. We have the responsibility to protect our environment. 3. conflict vi. 冲突, 抵触n. 冲突; 矛盾【教材原句】Many people think that economic development and environmental protection conflict

39、with each other. (P31)许多人认为经济发展和环境保护相互冲突。【词块必记】【巧学助记】“in+n. +with”短语聚焦in conflict with与冲突in company with与一起in common with与有共同之处in connection with与有联系in harmony with与和睦相处/协调一致【语境速测】 单句语法填空If your schedule conflicts with lifes schedule, life will win out. She found herself in conflict with her parents

40、 over her future career. It is reported that some workers on strike come into conflict with the police. The government has not taken immediate measures to resolve the conflict over workers pay. 【写作金句】 Its not surprising that such a view has led to very considerable conflict. 这样的观点引起很大的分歧是不足为奇的。4. de

41、crease vt. & vi. & n. 减少【典型例句】You become ill, or your work efficiency decreases. 你会生病, 或者你的工作效率降低。【词块必记】(1)decrease to减少到decrease by减少了decrease from. . . to. . . 从减少到(2)on the decrease在减少【巧学助记】反义词聚焦decrease (减少)increase(增加)bring (带来)take (拿走)harm (对有害)benefit (对有益)laugh (笑)cry (哭)succeed (成功)fail (失

42、败)【语境速测】 完成句子Last year the number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96 (从198个减少到96个). To be frank with you, the number of the people who drive after drinking is on the decrease(在减少). Population growth is decreasing by (减少了) 1. 4% each year. 【写作金句】 Honestly speaking, people who break traffic

43、 rules are on the decrease. 说实话, 违反交通规则的人正在减少。5. range n. (变动)范围, 幅度; 一系列; 分类; 射程; 山脉vi. (在一定范围内)变化; 包括; 排列, 排序【典型例句】The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants. 国家公园有大量的野生动物, 从蝴蝶到大象都有。【词块必记】(1)in/within range of . . . 在范围内beyond/out of range of . . .

44、超出的范围a range of一系列的(2)range from. . . to. . . 从到变化range between . . . and . . . 在范围内变动range over包括, 涉及【巧学助记】 【语境速测】 完成句子A wide range of colors and patterns are available. 各种颜色和样式都有。Be sure that the game you select is within the range of students ability. 确保你选的游戏在学生能力范围之内。He has had a number of diffe

45、rent jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor. 他做过许多不同的工作, 从厨师到游泳教练。【写作金句】 In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends. 除了这些传统活动外, 我们有更多选择, 诸如旅行和拜访亲戚或朋友。6. cut back on 减少, 削减, 缩减【教材原句】It is our duty to t

46、ry to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy. (P22)尽量削减生产, 减少制造和购买物品的数量是我们的责任。【词块必记】【语境速测】 用cut的短语完成句子Consumers cut back on spending for food as well. It is bad manners for you to always cut in when other people are talking. The power supply has been cut off because w

47、e forgot to pay the bill. 【写作金句】 It is impolite of children to cut in when their seniors are talking. 长辈谈话时, 小孩子插嘴是不礼貌的。7. pick out 找出, 挑选; 辨认出, 区分; 领会, 弄明白【教材原句】There are also things that can be done at a national or international level, such as sharing information between countries and using satel

48、lites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification. (P33)从国家或国际层面上看, 也有很多可为之事, 如国家间共享信息和利用卫星找出可能会受到沙漠化影响的地区。【词块必记】pick up拿起, 捡起; 收拾, 整理; (偶然)学会; 用车接; 收听到; 好转; 感染pick ones pocket扒窃pick off摘掉; 摘下来【语境速测】 单句语法填空My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days. On the w

49、ay home, he found his pocket picked(pick). She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job. 【写作金句】 Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea. 因为已经读这篇文章好多次了, 最终我领会了它的主要大意。8. under way 进行中【典型例句】An investigation is under way into the tens of thousands of dead fish

50、spotted floating in a canal off the Long Island, New York. 一项关于纽约长岛附近运河里发现成千上万的死鱼的调查正在进行中。【词块必记】【熟词生义】They have got two kids and one on the way. (尚未出生)【语境速测】 用way的短语完成句子Tom was very anxious for the coming exam and told me worriedly, “In a way, I suppose Im frightened of failing. ”This table is too c

51、lose to the door; it gets in the way. She added that she had in no way intended to offend anybody. 【写作金句】 Plans are well under way for a new shopping center. 新购物中心的计划正在进行中。9. I liked it when you told that joke. 我喜欢听你讲那个笑话。【典型例句】I like it when you come here to see me and spend your valuable time in t

52、alking with me. 我喜欢你来看我并且花你宝贵的时间和我交流。【句型公式】it作形式宾语(1)在表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句, 而要先接形式宾语it, 然后再接真正的宾语从句, 这样的动词有appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等。(2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后接真正的宾语从句, 常见的动词短语有: depend on, rely on, see to (确保)等。【语境速测】 单句语法填空I like it when people mind their manners in th

53、e public places. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 句式升级If you could lend me a hand to get over nervousness, I would be very grateful. (用it 作形式宾语提示句子)I would appreciate it if you could lend me a hand to get over nervousness. 【写作金句】 I like it when someone is more interested in other p

54、eople than he is in himself. 我觉得一个人应该关心他人比关心自己更多。. 单句语法填空1. (2020江苏高考)Chinese customs began NAT (核酸检测) on inbound arrivals (arrive) at all points of entry. 2. (2020浙江高考)Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other environmental (environment) influences or ge

55、netic factors. 3. (2020江苏高考)We are repeatedly willing (will) to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. 4. (2020全国卷)His son, age 15, who had taken an art appreciation(appreciate) class, thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair

56、. 5. (2020全国卷)In India, particularly (particular) outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husbands family when they get married. . 微短文改错(每句中最多2个错)1. My salary in this month is running out of soon, so I have to cut back on any unnecessary expenses, range from shopping to travel

57、ling. 去掉of;range改为ranging2. Near the Peoples Square stand a new skyscraper, measured 456 meters high. It is three times high than the former building. 第一句stand改为stands; measured改为measuring; 第二句high改为higher3. The police blamed the accident for the private car driver. His careless driving resulted fro

58、m the accident. He confessed that he does play his phone while driving and apologized to the injured. 第一句for改为on; 第二句from改为in; 第三句does改为did. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)Recently, we had a heated debate 1. over the massive usage of robots in industry. It is reported that the number of robots used in industry is

59、 five times 2. more(many) than ten years ago. Large 3. quantities(quantity) of robots, which are easy 4. to operate(operate), will be put in use in the near future. Robots can help cut back 5. on cost, and 6. particularly(particular), improve the production. Some believe that the more robots are use

60、d, the 7. better(good)it is for our development. But I hold the 8. belief (believe)that it may cause high unemployment. Our government should take the 9. responsibility(responsible) to take effective measures to help those workers losing their jobs. I would appreciate 10. it if you could give us you

61、r opinions. Looking forward to your reply. 核心素养培养学生“生态文明”意识; 人与自然的和谐相处, 良性循环, 让学生形成热爱自然、亲近自然、保护自然的情操和品德; 从我做起, 从身边事情做起, 学会保护环境高考链接2020全国卷阅读理解C; 2020全国卷阅读理解D; 2020新高考全国卷 完形填空; 2020新高考全国卷 语法填空; 2019全国卷 完形填空; 2018全国卷阅读理解D. 话题与阅读理解(2019天津高考阅读理解C)How does an ecosystem(生态系统) work? What makes the populatio

62、ns of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats. With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.

63、 Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak

64、 links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction(灭绝) of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to

65、 recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction. Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at

66、 the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species-including species they did not directly attack. And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such

67、as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that ar

68、e pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了借助食物网的数学模型, 科学家们发现了一些食物网运行的关键原则。

69、科学家们说一个生态系统越过了它的临界点, 它们很难再回来。科学家们已经建立了一个基于数学模型的预警系统, 该系统将会发出信号告诉我们人类活动正将生态系统推向崩溃, 允许我们采取措施将生态系统从边缘拉回来。1. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?A. The living habits of species in food webs. B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems. C. The approach

70、es to studying the species in the ecosystems. D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs. 【解析】选B。 细节理解题。根据第二段中“With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. ”可知, 借助食物网的数学模型, 科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。2. A strong link is found between two spec

71、ies when a predator . A. has a wide food choiceB. can easily find new preyC. sticks to one prey speciesD. can quickly move to another place【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中“When a predator always eats huge numbers of a single prey, the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, the

72、y are weakly linked. ”可知, 当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物时, 这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。3. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems. B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats. C. Species of commercial value dominate other species. D. In

73、dustrial activities help keep food webs stable. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段“And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as w

74、olves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. ”可知, 无计划的人类活动证明了由顶级掠食者自上而下控制的想法是正确的。在海洋中, 我们大规模捕捞鳕鱼等顶级捕食者, 而在陆地上, 我们杀死狼等大型捕食者。这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。由此可推断出, 不受控制的人类活动会极大地破坏生态系统。故选A。4. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance?A. By getting illegal practices

75、under control. B. By stopping us from killing large predators. C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal. D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Scientists have built an early-warming system based on mathematical models. Ideally the system w

76、ould tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. ”可知, 早期预警系统通过发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选D。【微技能点拨】 阅读理解之细节理解题解题技巧解题方法:原文定位法解题原则:提取主干准, 原文定位准, 对比选项、推敲答案准以第1题为例, 根据策略解题如下:Step 1主干关键词:scie

77、ntists discovered, modelsStep 2原文定位:根据discover对应find out 可定位第二段原句With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Step 3对比选项, 推敲答案:principles对应选项B中的rules, 故选B。【语用提能】话题词汇ecosystem, principle, operate, predator, prey, link, stable, unstable, balance短语句式live on, b

78、e dominated by, lead to, keep from, kill off, be based onIt is remarkably difficult for sb. to do sth. 熟词新义note n. 笔记 vt. 注意(新)switch n. 开关n. 转变(新)fish n. 鱼 vi. 捕鱼【微语法填空】Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, 1. _ small changes of top predators can lead to big 2. _(ef

79、fect)throughout entire ecosystems. And unplanned human activities 3. _(prove)the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. Scientists have built an early-warning system 4. _(base)on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would

80、 tell us when 5. _(adapt)human activities. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点), it is difficult 6. _ them to return. 1. 【解析】where。考查关系副词。此处为定语从句, 先行词为webs。从句中缺少状语, 先行词指地点, 故填关系副词where。2. 【解析】 effects。考查名词复数。effect为可数名词, 此处表示多个影响, 故应用复数形式effects。3.

81、 【解析】has proved。考查动词时态。此处指已经证明了的观点。故用has proved。 4. 【解析】 based。考查非谓语动词。此处考查过去分词短语作定语, base与所修饰的名词system之间是动宾关系, 故填过去分词based。5. 【解析】to adapt。考查非谓语动词。此处考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式作宾语。故填to adapt。6. 【解析】for。考查固定搭配。It is +adj. +for sb. +to do sth. 对某人来说做某事如何。. 话题与写作假定你是李华, 你所在学校的校报征求倡导保护环境的短文。请根据以下要求给校报编辑写一份稿件。1. 有责任感

82、是非常重要的; 2. 尝试改变生活方式, 尽量不排放二氧化碳, 尽量做到回收利用; 3. 尽力减轻对环境的压力。注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯; 3. 尽量使用本单元学过的词汇和短语。Step 1写作技巧要点写作 环境越来越差, 环境保护变得越来越重要。The environment becomes worse and worse, and environmental protection becomes more and more important. 作为个人, 我们可以采取一些措施来保护它。As an individual, we can take

83、 some measures to protect it. 我们必须要有责任感。Its very essential for us to have a sense of responsibility. 当我们意识到保护环境的重要性的时候, 我们才会愿意为之尽自己的一份力量。We are willing to do our parts for protecting the environment when we realize the importance of it. 我们应该改变我们的生活方式, 尽量不排放二氧化碳。We should change our lifestyles, tryin

84、g not to let off carbon dioxide. 我们应该回收利用那些没用的东西, 而不是把它们扔掉。Instead of throwing away those useless things, we should recycle them. 句式升级用时间状语从句改写句。As the environment becomes worse and worse, environmental protection becomes more and more important. 用倒装句改写句。Only when we realize the importance of protec

85、ting the environment are we willing to do our parts for it. Step 2妙笔成篇Dear editor, As the environment becomes worse and worse, environmental protection becomes more and more important. As individuals, we can take some measures to protect it. Firstly, its very essential for us to have a sense of resp

86、onsibility. Only when we realize the importance of protecting the environment are we willing to do our parts for it. Secondly, we should change our lifestyles, trying not to let off carbon dioxide. Instead of throwing away those useless things, we should recycle them. Above all, we should try our be

87、st to cut down on the pressure of the environment in order to live a better life. Yours, Li Hua加固训练阅读填句(2021济宁模拟)Things You Can Do for the OceanThe ocean supports a global underwater circulation system of currents, which affects temperature and nutrient distribution. 1. Its time for you to do someth

88、ing for the ocean. Be the best citizen of the ocean you can be by taking these simple steps today. 2. The Monterey Bay Aquarium has made it easy to choose ocean-friendly seafood wherever you live or travel. You can visit their site to determine the pocket guide. And try to carry a reusable cup when

89、travelling. More than 200 billion pounds of plastic is produced in the world every year and about 10% of it ends up in the ocean! 3. You can also make your efforts to reduce the plastic waste by travelling with your own cup. Leave it better than you found it and reduce water pollution. Leave natural

90、 areas and beaches better than you found them. 4, or get together with like-minded members of your community by participating in a local beach clean-up. Reducing water pollution is also beneficial to protecting the ocean. There are simple things you can do to reduce water pollution locally and impac

91、t water quality globally. 5. You should correctly deal with dangerous materials. Moreover, you should use native plants and natural fertilizers, and be mindful when washing your vehicle. A. And this in turn affects ultimately human lifeB. The ocean pollution has been a serious problemC. Eat sustaina

92、ble seafood and carry a reusable cupD. Bring a small bag and pick the rubbish along the wayE. You should not eat at the restaurants selling wild animalsF. You should use poisonless household products whenever possibleG. Refusing bottled water is an effective way to reduce the waste stream of plastic

93、【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者针对如何保护海洋, 减少海洋污染这一问题给出了一些建议。1. 【解析】选A。上文提到了海洋的作用和影响, A项“并且这反过来会最终影响人类的生活。”在语意和结构上与设空处前一句构成顺承和递进关系, 故选A。2. 【解析】选C。由第二段内容可知主要讲了吃可再生的海鲜和使用可重复使用的杯子的问题, 故选C。3. 【解析】选G。设空前一句指出塑料对于海洋的严重污染, 设空后一句提到了减少使用塑料的方法, G项“拒绝瓶装水是一种减少塑料使用的有效方法。”符合语境, 故选G。4. 【解析】选D。上下文提到了清理海滩的活动, D项“带一个小包, 沿途捡拾垃圾。”符合语境, 指出了具体的实施方法, 故选D。5. 【解析】选F。下一句“You should correctly deal with dangerous materials. ”表明设空处应谈及有毒或无毒的问题, 故F项“只要有可能, 你应该使用无毒的家居产品。”符合语境, 故选F。关闭Word文档返回原板块- 36 - 版权所有高考资源网