2019年高考英语二轮冲刺练习：板块二 专题一 阅读理解 专题跟踪训练14 WORD版含答案.doc

1、专题跟踪训练(十四)A(2018洛阳市尖子生第一次联考)Animals use many tricks to hide from predators (捕食性动物). While different, they are all visual animals. Now scientists have uncovered a fish species that uses both visual and chemical disguise (伪装). Rohan Brooker, one of the researchers who made the discovery said that he f

2、irst thought of the idea after reading about a species which takes on the smell of the plant that it eats. Thus, its predators, ants walk right over it. Since Harlequin Filefish are picky eaters that feed totally off the Acroporaa beautiful species of blue/purple coral, Brooker theorized that they t

3、oo may be using a similar trick to fool their predators.To test his theory, Brookers team acquired some filefish from the Great Barrier Reef and divided them into two groups. For the next four weeks, one group fed on their normal diet of the Acropora coral, while the other fed on the Pocillopora cor

4、al. In order to test if there was any difference in the way they smelled, the researchers did another experiment. They found the smells from the two groups were different. But there was still a question of whether the smell was strong enough to protect the fish from their natural predators.To test t

5、hat, Brookers team added a predatory species of cod (鳕鱼) to the mix. Sure enough, the cod that was placed in the tank containing the fish fed on the Pocillopora coral were immediately able to sense them. In contrast, the cod in the tank where the fish had been fed on their natural dietthe Acropora c

6、oral, appeared oblivious to their existence and instead spent much of their time inside the tanks caves. This confirmed the teams suspicion that the filefish have figured out how to give off the smell of the Acropora coral to avoid being detected by predators.While the smellbased disguise had been p

7、reviously observed in some species of fresh water, this study was the first to prove that the fishs diet was the source of this disguise. Though the theory has only been tested on Harlequin Filefish, Brooker suspects that this kind of chemical disguise is fairly common among sea animals. Sure it giv

8、es a whole new meaning to the saying“You are what you eat！”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于Harlequin Filefish如何通过自身的伪装来抵御捕食性动物的研究。1The underlined word “oblivious” in Paragraph 3 may mean “_”AignorantBsensitiveCallergic Dcautious解析词义猜测题。根据该词前面的描述及后面的“and instead spent much of their time inside the tanks caves

9、”可知，此处为这些鳕鱼对于以the Acropora coral为食的鱼的存在看起来是不知道的。ignorant“不知道的，愚昧的”；sensitive“敏感的”；allergic“过敏的”；cautious“谨慎的”。答案A2What statement may Brooker agree to?AFreshwater fish all know the role of smell.BSea animals use smell to cheat their enemies.CThe smellbased disguise may work occasionally.DHumans are r

10、eally what kind of fish they eat.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Though the theory has only been tested on Harlequin Filefish, Brooker suspects that this kind of chemical disguise is fairly common among sea animals”可知，Brooker赞同的是海洋动物通过气味来欺骗它们的敌人。答案B3What is the passage mainly about?AA way to fight against predato

11、rs.BA smell trick of all sea animals.CA fish smells like the coral.DFilefish in the Great Barrier Reef.解析主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Animals use many tricks to hide from predators (捕食性动物)”和“Brooker theorized that they too may be using a similar trick to fool their predators”可知，本文主要介绍了抵御捕食性动物的一种方法，故A项符合题意。答案AB(201

12、8南宁市高三摸底联考)It used to be one of the worlds most splendid train stations, sitting on the FrenchSpanish borderbut then it fell into disrepair. Now, writes Chris Bockman, the building is showing new signs of life.The train station was built in iron and glass, complete with a hospital, a restaurant and

13、living quarters for customs officers from both France and Spain. At the time it was nicknamed the “Titanic of the Mountains”But after the day the station was opened in 1928 by the French president and the Spanish king, flaws quickly became obvious. The rail gauges (轨距) were different, so passengers

14、still had to change trains. It made transporting goods too slow. In the early 1930s, as few as 50 passengers a day were using the station. And then things got worse. During the Spanish Civil War, the tunnels on the Spanish side were sealed off to prevent Republican rebels (反叛者) from bringing weapons

15、 in. Later, the French lost interest in the line. When a train derailed on the French side in 1970, that signaled that France abandoned the line.The grand building itself went to rot. The tracks rusted, the ceilings fell in with the severe winter weather and vandalism (故意破坏财物的行为) did the rest.But a

16、few years ago the local government in Aragon decided to buy the place and restore it, claiming it was a major part of Spanish history. The French government has agreed to reopen the line on its side too. If all goes to plan, the “Titanic of the Mountains” could be back in business within five years

17、before the end of 2022. It is reported that the massive wooden ticket counters at the station have already been restored.语篇解读：本文讲述了法国和西班牙边境的一座火车站的历史变迁。4The following factors contributed to the shutdown of the train station EXCEPT _.Aits poor appearance Bdifferent gaugesCthe Spanish Civil War Dslow t

18、ransporting speed解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The rail gauges (轨距) were different, so passengers still had to change trains”可知，轨距不同是造成火车站关闭的原因之一；根据第三段中的“During the Spanish Civil War, the tunnels on the Spanish side were sealed off to prevent Republican rebels (反叛者) from bringing weapons in”可知，西班牙内战是造成火车站关闭的原因之一；

19、根据第三段中的“It made transporting goods too slow”可知，运输速度慢是造成火车站关闭的原因之一。故选项A不是造成火车站关闭的原因，所以选A。答案A5When the train station reopens, it may celebrate its _ anniversary.A52nd B72ndC94th D89th解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But after the day the station was opened in 1928”和第五段中的“If all goes to plan, the Titanic of the Mountai

20、nscould be back in business within five years before the end of 2022”可以计算出：2022192894(年)，当其恢复使用时可以庆祝其94周年纪念日，所以选C。答案C6What will probably happen to the train station?AIt will be repaired.BIt will be turned into a museum.CIt will be knocked down.DIt will be sold to the French government.解析推理判断题。根据第五段首

21、句“But a few years ago the local government in Aragon decided to buy the place and restore it”可知，几年前阿拉贡的当地政府要购买并且恢复该火车站。restore意为“使恢复，修复”，所以选A。答案A7What is the best title for the text?AThe Design of a Train StationBThe War Between France and SpainCThe History of a Train StationDThe “Titanic of the Mou

22、ntains” Coming Back解析主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第一段中的“the building is showing new signs of life”和第五段中的“If all goes to plan, the Titanic of the Mountains could be back”可知，选项D能够概括全文，所以选D。答案DC(2018惠州高三第二次调研)Are you content with the shape of your nose? If not, the climate may be to blame, not your parents.This is acc

23、ording to a recent study carried out by scientists from Pennsylvania State University, US. They found that climate played a key role in shaping our noses. The findings were based on an examination of the size and shape of noses of 476 people from four regionsWest Africa, East Asia, South Asia and No

24、rthern Europe, using 3D facial imaging technology.“People have thought for a long time the difference in nose shape among humans across the world may have arisen as a result of natural selection because of climate，” Arslan Zaidi, one of the lead authors of the study, told The Guardian. But while pre

25、vious studies were based on measurements from human skulls, Zaidi and his team looked at nose shape itself.The result showed that wider noses are more common in warm and humid climate, while narrower noses are more common in cold and dry climate. That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal pas

26、sages help to increase the moisture (潮湿) content of air and warm it, which is easier on our lungs. This, in turn, led to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator.More studies are still needed to test the link between climate and nose shape, but Zaidi believes

27、the current findings are valuable in understanding potential health issues. “As we become more of a global community, we are going to come across climate that we do not adapt to，” he told The Guardian. This means moving to a very different climate might increase the risk of breathing problems.Howeve

28、r, he added, “This may not be necessarily true for various reasons such as of modern medicine and the fact that our current climate is very different from what it used to be.”语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。研究表明人的鼻子的形状不是由父母决定的，而是由生活的气候塑造的。8From the passage we know most people from Singapore have _ noses.Awider Bnarro

29、werCsmaller Dlarger解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The result showed that wider noses are more common in warm and humid climate, while narrower noses are more common in cold and dry climate”可知居住在温暖潮湿环境中的人的鼻子普遍更宽，而居住在寒冷干燥环境中的人的鼻子普遍更窄；又因新加坡在温暖湿润地区，故大部分新加坡人有着较宽的鼻子。答案A9Narrower noses are helpful to _.Acool the air Bwa

30、rm the airCtake in more oxygen Ddry the air解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages help to increase the moisture (潮湿) content of air and warm it, which is easier on our lungs”可知狭窄的鼻孔能使温暖的空气进入鼻孔。答案B10What can be learned about the study?AZaidis team measured human s

31、kulls using 3D technology.BThe shape of our noses is determined by our parents.CNose shape helps people adapt to the environment.DIts certain that people will suffer from more breathing problems.解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后两句“That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages. to a gradual decrease in

32、nose width in populations living far away from the equator”可知鼻子的形状会慢慢改变来适应气候，故C正确。答案C11Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?AWhat factors shape noses?BHow to make your nose attractive?CNose shape causes breathing problemsDClimate shapes noses解析主旨大意题。根据全文，特别是从第一、二段的研究结果“the climate may be to blame, not your parents”“They found that climate played a key role in shaping our noses”可知D最恰当，即气候塑造鼻子的形状。答案D