2021-2022学年新教材译林版英语必修第一册学案：语法精讲② 简单句、并列句和复合句 WORD版含答案.docx

1、简单句、并列句和复合句1简单句：只含有一个主谓结构。简单句有五种基本句型。(1)主语不及物动词(主谓)He swims.他游泳。The girl is drinking.女孩在喝水。(2)主语及物动词宾语(主谓宾)Children often sing this song.孩子们经常唱这首歌。(3)主语连系动词表语(主系表)The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。The map is on the wall.地图在墙上。(4)主语及物动词间接宾语(人)直接宾语(物)(主谓双宾)She showed her friends all her pictures.她向她的朋友们展示了她所有的

2、照片。(5)主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语(主谓复宾)We keep our classroom clean.我们保持我们的教室干净。特别注意简单句只有一个主谓结构。简单句可以有两个或更多的主语，也可以有两个或更多的谓语，但是句子中的主谓结构只有一个。Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention to by people.计算机对人类意义重大，并越来越受到人们的关注。(两个谓语，一个主语)2并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子，叫并列句。常见的连词(1)表示并列关系：and，n

3、ot only.but also.，neither.nor.等。(2)表示转折或对比关系：but，yet, while, whereas(然而，反之)等。(3)表示因果关系：for，so等。(4)表示选择关系：or，either.or.等。Im going to write good jokes and become a good comedian.我要创作出好的笑话并且成为一个优秀的喜剧演员。I have travelled to many places, but I still want to visit more.我已经去很多地方旅游过了，但是我还想游览更多的地方。While Toms

4、very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless.汤姆很擅长理科，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。Id like to know the class size for I prefer a small class.我想知道班级的规模，因为我更喜欢人数较少的小班。They have different ideas, so they have solved the problem in different ways.他们有不同的想法，所以他们用不同的方式解决了问题。Shall I send the book to you, or will

5、you come to get it?我把书邮寄给你，还是你来取？3主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫主从复合句。主句和从句都具有完整的主语和谓语，但从句只是主句的一个成分，不能独立存在。根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句(包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)三大类。(1)定语从句用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一个名词或代词(有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分)而起定语作用的从句叫定语从句。定语从句包含限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，与先行词之间的关系非常密切；非限制性定语从句对先行

6、词起补充说明作用，如果省去也不会影响主句的意思，它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。He has two sons who work in the same company.他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。He failed in the match, which was a great pity.他在比赛中失败了，这太遗憾了。(2)名词性从句名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组)，在主从复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。按其句法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。That he will come to the discussion is certain.他肯定会来参加讨论

7、的。(主语从句)What I have told you is important.我告诉你的事很重要。(主语从句)I want to know whether you still work in the factory.我想知道你是否还在这家工厂工作。(宾语从句)The question is whether we can finish the work by tomorrow.问题是我们是否能在明天之前完成这项工作。(表语从句)The news that he won the game was incorrect.他赢得比赛的消息是不实的。(同位语从句)联想拓展其后常接同位语从句的名词有：

8、fact, fear, hope, idea, news, suggestion, desire, thought, problem, possibility等。(3)状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句。状语从句的类型功能例句时间状语从句在复合句中作时间状语When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。地点状语从句在复合句中作地点状语Make marks where you have questions.在你有问题的地方做标记。原因状语从句在复合句中作原

9、因状语As she was young, she was not equal to the task.因为她还年轻，胜任不了这项工作。目的状语从句在复合句中作目的状语Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.我会说得慢些，以便你能理解我。结果状语从句在复合句中作结果状语Jack is so tall a man that he can almost reach the branch.杰克个子这么高，几乎够得着那个树枝。条件状语从句在复合句中作条件状语If I feel any doubt, I inquire.如果我有疑问，我就问。让步状语从

10、句在复合句中作让步状语I had a very good time though I didnt know anybody at the party.尽管在这次派对上我谁也不认识，但我还是玩得很愉快。方式状语从句在复合句中作方式状语Please do it as I told you.请按照我所讲的去做。比较状语从句在复合句中作比较状语She dances as gracefully as her sister.她的舞姿同她妹妹的一样优雅。【随堂自测】.判断句子结构简单句、并列句和复合句1She was aged six when she first went to school._2I as

11、ked him to come with me and he agreed._3While there is life there is hope._4I have never met Carl before, nor have I heard of him._5You werent at the meeting yesterday to hear what other people thought about this problem._6You can either write to me or call me in my office._7We must hurry, or well b

12、e late for class._8A man familiar with the subject can quickly catch the main idea of the lecture._9You cant count on him for help: he is such a busy man._10Bill often sleeps late and has no time for breakfast._.判断下列复合句中含有什么从句，并用“()”标出从句。1I wondered if it would grow any larger._2We were put into a p

13、osition in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government._3Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted._4Word came that he lost his life in the war to save another soldier._5True friends are who share your happiness as well as s

14、adness._6After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery._7The judge doesnt consider what each eyewitness looks like._8Native speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English._.单句语法填空1He was very tired of doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very hap

15、py because the crops grew higher.2_ she is very busy, she still devotes a lot of time to her children.3He got up early that morning _ he could attend the meeting on time.4I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.5The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all

16、 the other students wondered _ the boy would do.6My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.7Read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.8The hospital was built _ there had been a square.9It was the first time _ I had come to live a

17、nd study in a completely strange city.10_ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.语法精讲简单句、并列句和复合句随堂自测.1复合句2.并列句3.复合句4.并列句5.复合句6并列句7.并列句8.简单句9.并列句10.简单句.1宾语从句；(if it would grow any larger)2.定语从句；(in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the gover

18、nment)3定语从句；(who have reached the agreed standard for their event)4.同位语从句；(that he lost his life in the war to save another soldier)5表语从句；(who share your happiness as well as sadness)6.主语从句；(what happened to the Amber Room)7.宾语从句；(what each eyewitness looks like)8.状语从句；(even if they dont speak the same kind of English).1but/yet2.Though/Although/While3.so4.that5.what6until/till7.and8.where9.that10.What