初中英语2026届中考句子成分和基本句型精讲.doc

1、句子成分和基本句型精讲一、句子成分1、主语说明句子所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。EG:Lucy likes her new car very much. 露西喜欢她的新车。名词作主语He goes to and from schoolby bike every day.他每天都起得很早。(代词作主语)To learn English wellis a challenge.学好英语是一项挑战性工作。不定式短语作主语2、谓语说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如：We workhard.我们努力工作。The b

2、oy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。He islike his father. 他像他父亲。注意：介词不能作谓语，必须与be动词连用，构成系表结构，一起作谓语。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。EG:Music isthe utmost pleasure in life.音乐是人生最大的快乐。As I take each bite, the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean filling slowly fills my mouth.3、宾语宾语是动作的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当，说明主语做 “什么”。EG:

3、Tom bought a story-book.汤姆买了一本故事书。名词作宾语I saw him yesterday. 昨天我看到他了。代词宾语He decidedto run away from home. 他决定离家出走。不定式短语作宾语注意：宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语：有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语；合称双宾语。EG：I boughtmy sona box of Mark pens last night. 他给了我一些墨水。间接宾语 直接宾语Our teacher told usaninteresting story. 老师给我们讲了

4、一个有趣的故事。间接宾语 直接宾语4、表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”；与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当；用在系动词后面。EG：I have been an English teacher since I graduated from university.我的姐姐是一名护士。名词作表语Terry seems in low spirits today.特瑞今天好像情绪低落。介词短语Toms dream has become true already. 汤姆的梦想已经实现。形容词作表语5、定语修饰名词或代词的成分，除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词

5、、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语都可以作定语。EG：After years of hard work,his career began to take.多年的努力工作之后，他的事业开始腾飞。形容词作定语Are these students your classmates? 这些学生是你班的吗？形容词性物主代词作定语Winter is the coldest season of the year.冬天是一年中最冷的季节。介词短语作定语The building to be built next year will be our new teaching building.明年将要修建的建筑物将是

6、我们的新教学楼。不定式作定语The people here are very friendly.这里的人们非常友好。副词作定语注意：单个形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。6、状语修饰动词、形容词、副词，或修饰全句的成分叫状语。作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。EG：Jack runs very fast. 杰克跑得很快。副词作状语All these clothes are made by hand.shua。所有的这些衣服都是手工制作的。介词短语作状语She will arrive in Shanghaion

7、Friday. 她将于星期五到达上海。介词短语作状语To pass the weekly test, he is studying very hard. 为了通过周考，他正在努力学习。不定式短语状语7、宾语补足语有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个成分来说明宾语的情况，意思才能够完整，这个成分叫宾语补足语。宾语和补足语构成复合宾语。EG:They always call me Lao Yang.宾语 宾语补足语 名词做宾补You must keep the roomclean and tidy.宾语 宾语补足语形容词作宾补Mr. Yang invited me to visit his new

8、house in Huaihua. 宾语 宾语补足语不定式作宾补I hadmy old housepaintedlast week. 宾语 宾语补足语We found the girls in our classplaying gameson the playground ten minutes ago.宾语 宾语补足语现在分词作宾补8、主语补足语一个句子有时不足以表达完整的意义，需要再添加一个成分用来补充说明主语的状态，特征和性质，这个成分就是主语补足语。常用来做补语的成分有形容词，名词，数词，不定式，分词和介词短语。Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.宾语补足语

9、所在句子变成了被动语态后，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。例句：I saw the kite up and down.（up and down是副词做宾补）The kite was seen up and down.up and down是副词做主补）9、同位语 同位语对前面的名词或代词作进一步的解释和补充，说明它指的是谁、或者是什么。同位语大多数时候由名词来充当，形容词、代词、数词和从句也可以作同位语。You children must learn to say please and thank you.你们这些孩子必须学会说请和谢谢。I heard the news that our team

10、 had won.我听说我们队赢了。【考点对练1】指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。(将划线部分的句子成分写在横线上)1.Jack and Tom are doingtheir homeworknow.宾语 2.Bettyplantedmany trees and flowerson her farm 谓语 3.The boy under the tree isa policeman. 表语 4.We went on a visit to the Great Walllast week?状语 5.Yangjing was mybestfriend in my childhood.定语 6.Heal

11、wayswalks in the park after supper with his wife.状语 7.Mary asked meto help heryesterday. 宾语补足语 8.I boughtmy girlfriend a gold ringon her birthday.双宾语 9.Mr. Weiremainsa doctor. 谓语（系动词）10.The boys and girlsseemed excitedwhen they heard the news.系表结构 二、简单句的基本句型1.主语谓语（主语 不及物动词）例1：My little sister can sw

12、im very well. 我妹妹游泳游得很好。主语 谓语（不及物动词）例2：The planehas already arrived. 飞机已经抵达。主语 谓语2.主语谓语宾语（主语及物动词宾语）例3：The poor passengers on the real Titanic saw the tip of the iceberg.主语 谓语 宾语泰坦尼克号上可怜的乘客们看到了冰山的顶部。例4：The company makes films . 这家公司制作电影。主语. 谓语 宾语例5：Stanley bought a flat last year. Stanley去年买了套公寓。主语谓语

13、 宾语3.主语系动词表语（主语连系动词表语）例6：My mother is a scientist. 我母亲是个科学家。主语 谓语 表语例7：She looks young. 她看上去很年轻。主语 谓语 表语例8：The cake tastes very yummy. 这蛋糕尝起来很美味。主语 谓语 表语4.主语谓语双宾语（主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语）例9：My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语例10：Can you give me the math book? 你能给我那本数学书吗？谓

14、语 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语例11：Will you tell us something about your school life?谓语 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语你给我讲讲你们的学习生活，好吗？5.主语谓语复合宾语（主语及物动词宾语补语）例12：We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净、整洁。主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语例13：My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语我母亲要求我尽可能多地讲英语。例14：I hear

15、d her singing happily in the room just now.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语刚才我听到她在房间里高兴地唱着歌。【考点对练2】指出下列句子的基本类型1.主语谓语2.主语谓语宾语3.主语系动词表语4.主语谓语双宾语(间宾 +直宾 )5.主语谓语复合宾语(宾+宾补)1.Plants need water and sun. 主+ 谓+宾 2.The flowersare so fresh and beautiful. 主+系+表 3.The sun rises in the east. 主+谓 4.He gave me some flowers. 主+谓 +间宾

16、+直宾 5.We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主+谓+宾+宾补6.Many animals live in trees. 主+谓 7.Her mother looks very young. 主+系+表 8.She teaches us English. 主+谓 +间宾 +直宾 9.The children are jumping and laughing happily. 主+谓 10.Our teacher asked us to talk about thequestions in pairs. 主+谓+宾+宾补 11. He often tells me some interesting stories. 主+谓 +间宾 +直宾 12.The students must keep their eyes closed. 主 + 谓+宾+宾补 4