初中英语新人教版七年级上册全册语法知识（分单元编排）（2025秋）.doc

1、七年级英语上册语法知识Starter Unit 1 Hello!物主代词一、形物代（形容词性物主代词）单数 复数我的my our 我们的你的your your 你们的他的 his their 他们的她的 her their 她们的它的its their 它们的用法形物代相当于形容词，放在名词前面。Her name is Teng FeiHis bike isnt new .My books are old .二、名物代（名词性物主代词）单数 复数我的 mine ours 我们的你的 yours yours 你们的他的 his theirs 他们的她的 hers theirs 她们的它的 its

2、 theirs 它们的用法名词性物主代词作名词用，后面不能接名词。The ball is yours .That dog isnt hers .These English books are mineStarter Unit 2 Keep Tidy一、冠词含义：冠词是用在名词前的一种虚词，本身无词义，不能单独使用，主要用来说明名词所指的人或事物。英语中的冠词分为不定冠词a,an、定冠词the和零冠词(不用冠词）二、不定冠词a,an不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式。a用在辅音音素开头单词前，an用在元音音素开头单词前。a,an 用法1.泛指某人某物A tiger is a dangerous

3、animal .2.数量“一 ”I have an eraser. He has a sister.3.表示每一I play basketball four times a week .4.用在序数词前，又一,再一I have an apple, but I want a second one.5.短语固定搭配中have a look a lot of have a rest三、定冠词thethe用法1.特指某人或某物Its the big room that he wants to live in.Close the door , please .2.指上文已经提到的人或事物I have a

4、 cat.The cat is cute .3.指世界上独一无二的事物The earth goes around the sun. The moon is bright.4.用在序数词、形容词最高级前The first picture is better than the third one .Its the most interesting storybook.5.某些专有名词前the Great Wall the United States6.形容词前，指某一类人the poor the rich7.用在姓氏复数形式前，指全家人或“夫妻”the Greens the Whites8.某些固

5、定短语搭配中in the middle in the future all the time9.用在乐器前play the piano play the guitar play the violin四、零冠词就是名词前不用冠词1.某些专有名词前Class Two Tian an Men Square Huanchuan Middle School可数名词前已有定语my book Mikes pen2.在星期、月份、季节、节日前On Sunday in March in spring on Women s Day3.姓名前 Amy Tom Ms Li Mr Huang4.三餐饭和球类前have

6、lunch have breakfast play basketball play football5.某些固定词组搭配day and night go to bed go home go swimming五、方位介词表事物存在的位置或方向的介词1.in 在里面My books are in my schoolbag.2.on 在上面（物体直接接触）There are some apples on the table.3.under 在下面(正下方）The cat is under the table.Starter Unit 3 Welcome!一 、指示代词用来指代或标记人或事物的代词单数

7、 复数近指 this 这 these 这些远指 that 那 those 那些其它指示代词 ：such如此， 这样 same 相同 so 如此二、指示代词用法1指代人或物These are beautiful flowers.Those are dogs.This is Amy .That is my friend .2.指上文提过的人或物，避免重复He was ill . That s why he didnt go to school .3.打电话用语，this指自己，that 询问对方Hi ! This is Kate. Who s that ?4. that 常用于习语中That s

8、all right 不用谢。That all . 就这些。Thats that .就这样。That s to say 也就是说5.that在复合句中作连词，无义。Who is the girl that was here just now?三、可数名词复数含义：能以数目来计算，数数的人或物的复数形式。可数名词单数变可数名词复数规则变化一般情况,在词尾直接加- scow cows , pig pigs , horse horses ,duckducks1.以 s 、 x 、 sh、 ch 结尾的名词,在词尾加-esbus buses , box boxes , dish dishes , wat

9、ch watches fishfishes2.以辅音字母y结尾的名词，变 y 为i ，再加- esbaby -babies , city cities , family - families countrycountries strawberrystrawberries3.以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,一般将 f 或 fe 变为 v ，再加- es knife knives , leaf leaves , wolf wolves特别：roof roofs , belief beliefs4.以 o 结尾的名词表示无生命事物的加- szoo zoos , photo photos表示有生命事物的

10、加- eshero heroes , potato potatoes tomatotomatoes不规则变化单复数同形deer deer , sheep sheep , Chinese Chinese2.a变e, oo变eeman men , woman women , foot feet , tooth teeth , goose geese3.在词尾加enchild children , ox oxen4.其它特殊变化mouse mice5.只有复数形式的名词trousers , glasses , scissors , shorts , jeansclothes , thanks , p

11、olice ,goods6.复合可数名词的复数通常将主体名词变为复数passer - by passers - by , mother - in - law mothers - in - lawlooker onlookers on没有主体名词，最后一部分变复数a boy student two boy studentsan apple tree three apple treesa baby chicken five baby chickensa tomato plant six tomato plants由man或woman构成的复合词，两部分都变为复数a man doctor two m

12、en doctorsa woman nurse three women nursesUnit 1 You and Mebe(am ， is , are )在一般现在时中的用法一、系动词be有多种形式am is are was were being been二、含义：“是 、在、 存在、 ”等I+amhe / she / it 单数+isyou /we / they /复数+are三、结构肯定句 ：主 be 其它He is Tom.否定句： 主 be + not 其它We arent from Hubei.一般疑问句：Be 主其它?Is that a tiger?特殊疑问句：疑问词 be 主其它

13、？Where is Lucy from?注意：there be ( is / are ）表“某地有某人某物”There is a book on the table.There are some apples in the box.四、be 的缩写形式I m you re he s she sit s we re they re isn taren t that s what s who swho re where s where re五、 be 的回答1.Am I ?Yes , you are ./No , you are not .2.Are we ?Yes , we / you are

14、./No , we / you are not .3.Are you （你）?Yes , I am ./No , I am not .4.Are you （你们）?Yes , we are ./No , we are not .5.Are they?Yes,they are./No,they arent.6.Is he/she/it?Yes,he/she/it is./No,he/she/it isnt.Unit 2 Were Family!一、一般现在时含义： 用来描述经常发生的动作或存在的状态。二、在肯定句中，当主语是非单三人称/复数时，作谓语的实义动词要用原形。I like swimmi

15、ng and dancing .We like playing basketball .They like watching TV .Three dogs run on the playground every day.三、在肯定句中，当主语是单三人称/单数时，作谓语的实义动词要用动词的单数第三人称形式。Tom likes shopping and singing.Lucy plays ping - pong twice a week.My mother eats an apple every day.My father likes going fishing .He watches TV e

16、very weekend.四、实义动词的一般现在时的句子结构肯定句：1.非单三主语动词原形2. 单三主语动词单三式否定句：1.非单三主语 dont 动词原形2.单三主语 doesn t 动词原形一般疑问句：1. Do 非单三主语动原?2.Does 单三主语动原?肯定回答： Yes ，主 do / does .否定回答： No ，主 don t / doesn t .四、实义动词的第3人称单数形式变化规则1.动词尾加-splay plays looklooks likelikesspendspends talktalksmake makes2.以字母 s , x . ch . sh 结尾单词，词

17、尾加-eswatch watches matchmatches fixfixes washwashes passpasses guessguesses3以辅音字母+y 结尾单词，变 y 为 i ,再加 -esflyflies ,study studies carrycarries crycries4.不规则变化have has go goes dodoesUnit 3 My School一、there be 句型含义：1.表“某地有某人某物2.there 是引导词，无义3.某人某物是主语， be 的各种形式是谓语4. 属于倒装句结构二、be 的各种形式在不同时态中，there be 句型有不同

18、形式。1.一般现在时， there is / there are .2.一般过去时， there was / there were 3 一般将来时，there will be / there is going to be /there are goingto be 现在完成时， there has been / there have been 三、本单元学习 there be 的一般现在时， there is / there are四、 there be 句型须主谓一致如果 be+主 and 主be 动词应该遵循就近一致原则，即与相邻的主语保持单复数一致There is a book and

19、two rulers on the desk. There are two rulers and a book on the desk .There are two boys and a girl in the room.There is a girl and three boys in the room .五、There be 句型除be外，还可以用其它表示存在意义的词There stood There used to be There lived 六、There be 句型句子结构肯定句1.There is +a/an+单数可数名词+某地+某时2.There is +不可数名词+某地+某时

20、3.There are + 可数名词复数+某地+某时否定句1.There isnt +a/an+单数可数名词+某地+某时2.There isnt +不可数名词+某地+某时3.There arent + 可数名词复数+某地+某时一般疑问句1.Is there +a/an+单数可数名词+某地+某时?2.Is there +不可数名词+某地+某时?3.Are there + 可数名词复数+某地+某时?肯定回答：Yes,there is/are.否定回答：No,there isnt/arent.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+某人/某物+is/are there +其它How many people are t

21、here in the park?How much milk is there in the bottle?Unit 4 My Favourite Subject一、连词含义：连接单词、短语或句子的一种虚词。二本单元学习连词 and but because并列连词 and but1.and 用于肯定句，表并列，对称或顺承关系。可译成“和、于是，同”l like summer and winter.Tom is in Class 2 and Lucy is in Class 1.Run fast and you will get to the school on time.2.but表转折关系，

22、可译成“但是，然而”He is poor but he is happy .Tony is short but strong.从属连词because1.because后接句子,引导原因状语从句，“因为”Because he is ill , he doesnt go to school.He is late for school because he gets up too late.2.because 与so 不能同时出现在同一个句中用了because,后面就不用so，用了so, 前面就不能用because。3.because of “由于“，后面加单词或短语，不能接句子。Because o

23、f the rain,he had to stay at home.Unit 5 Fun Clubs一、情态动词 can ,不能独立作谓语1.含义：“能，会”，表示能力2.否定式 can t = can not 不能，不会3.can后须加动词原形一起作谓语， can / can t 动原4适合于任何人称，没有人称和数的变化。主语（I/we/they/he/she/it/Tom/my parents）+can/cant+动词原形+二、句子结构肯定句：主 can +动原I can swim.He can dance.否定句：主 can t 动原I cant sing.Lucy cant play

24、basketball.一般疑问句： Can 主动原+？Can you play chess?Can she paint well?回答： Yes ，主 can .No ，主 can t .特殊疑问句：疑问词 can 主?What can you do?Where can they have a birthday party?Unit 6 A Day in the Life一、when 用法1疑问词什么时候何时，对大范围时间（年/月/日/季节/上午/下午/晚上等）提问When is your birthdly ?When is Teachers Day ?When will you go to

25、Bejing ?2从属连词当时，引导时间状语从句When I was six years old , I could swim.3关系副词，修饰先行词 “day /time /season /year/month 等，可不译I remember the season when he came to my home .It was the best year when we got together .连接副词，什么时候，引导主语从句、宾语从句等。I want to know when Tom wil go to Wuhan.When she will come is unknown .Plea

26、se tell me when to start .5.对具体时间提问，“几点？几点几分？”可与 what time 互换When / What time do you go to school every day?（你每天几点上学？)二、what time 用法“几点？几点几分？对具体钟表时间提问What time did Tom go to bed last night ?It was 9:30 p . m .三、what 用法1.疑问词 什么？一般询问事物/职业/种类等What s this ?Whats your name ?What is he doing ?What are the

27、y going to do ?What are you ?2.感叹词,怎么,多么,表惊讶、喜欢、讨厌等情绪What ?What an interesting film !What a funny monkey !3 .形容词,什么样的What kind of animals is that ?4.其他表达what if 如果会怎样what about 怎么样what for 因为what with为了什么Unit 7 Happy Birthdays一、特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词开始的以寻求信息为目的的疑问句。一般不用 Yes 或 No 回答。问什么，答什么。句型结构：1.疑问词（组）一般疑问句W

28、hat time do you have lunch？2.疑问词（组）谓语其他？Who washed my clothes this morning?二、特殊疑问词分类1.疑问代词what 什么 （问事物）who 谁（问人）which 哪个/哪些 （问人物）whose 谁的(问人物所属）whom （宾格）谁（问人）2.疑问副词where 在哪里(问地点）why 为什么（问原因）when 什么时候(问时间)how 怎么样(问方式,程度,状态)3.疑问词组how many 多少（问可数名词数量）how much 多少（问不可数名词量）/多少钱（问钱数，价格）how often 多久一次（问频率）h

29、ow long 多长（问长度）/多久（问时间）how far 多远(问距离）how old 多大（问年龄）what time 几点（问具体时间）三、序数词表人或事物先后顺序的数词,“第几”基数词变序数词 ,有规则变化，也有不规则变化基数词 序数词13不规则变化1 one first 第一2 two second 第二3 three third 第三规则变化419：在对应基数词尾th4 four fourth 第四11 eleven eleventh第十一其中不规则变化5 five fifth 第五8 eight eighth 第八9 nine ninth 第九12 twelve twelfth

30、 第十二2090：规则变化整10基数词，将对应基数词词尾 y 变 ie ，再加 th20 twenty twentieth第二十30thirty thirtieth第三十几十几：把个位数的基数词改为序数词，十位数依然用基数词。23 twenty-three twenty -third31 thirty-one thirty -first56 fifty-six fifty-sixth四、序数词缩写：阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母first 1st second 2nd twenty-eighth28ththird 3rd fourth 4th五、序数词用法：1 表日期:（英式）日、月，年 10( th ) June ,2026（美式）月、日，年 June 10（th),20262.表顺序： the first cat , the second cat3.表编号： the 序数词名词the fifth floor4.序数词前有限定词，不用加theIt s my second time to visit Beijing.5.序数词前加 a / an, 表“又一，再一”I want a second chance .He decided to try an eighth time .10