2021-2022学年新教材高中英语 Unit 1 Science Fiction Section Ⅲ UsingLanguage&AssessingYourProgress课时作业（含解析）新人教版选择性必修第四册.docx

1、课UUnit 1 Science FictionSSectionUsingLanguage&AssessingYourProgress阅读理解AAnonlinesupermarketcompanyOcadointheUKhasrecentlydisplayedarobotichandthatcanpickfruitsandvegetables!Whenanembryoisinthewomb(子宫), theveryfirstsenseitdevelopsistouch.Thesenseoftouchisalsotheonethatlastslongestaswegetolderandourvi

2、sionandhearingbegintoweaken, touchstillremains.Humansusetheirtouchtoprotectthemselves, tocreateemotionalrelationshipswithotherpeopleandtoexperiencepleasure.Canyouimaginethelifewithoutit?Thesenseoftouchcomesfromanetworkofnerveendings(神经末梢)andspecialtouchreceptorsonthesurfaceoftheskin.Whiletherearedif

3、ferentkindsoftouchreceptors, theyhelpusjudgepressure, textureandvibrations.Theyarelocatedinourfingertips, palms, solesofourfeet, face, lipsandtongue.Whenwetouchsomething, themechanoreceptorsfeelthetouchandthroughanetworkofnervessendsignalstothebrain.Thisinformsthebrainaboutthelocationofthetouch, the

4、amountofforceused, andthespeedatwhichitwasused.Severaldifferenttechniqueshavebeentriedinthepastfewyearstocreatesucharobotichandusingthreefingers.ButthislatestdesignbySoMacopiesthehumanhand.Itismadeupofflexiblematerialswhichgraspthethingbasedonitssizeandshape.Thenairpressureisusedtocontrolthemovement

5、oftheroboticfingerstopickobjectssafelyandwithoutcausingdamage.Thenextstepwouldbefortherobottojudgehowripethefruitsandvegetablesare, andapplypressureaccordingly.Membersoftheresearchteamarecurrentlyworkingonaddingcomputerizedvisiontotherobots, sothattheycanseewhattheyaregrasping.Doesallthismeanrobotsc

6、anreplacepeople? AccordingtoOcado, theyhelpimproveproductivitybyremovingsomeoftherepetitivetasksdonebyhumans.1Whatisfocusedoninthesecondparagraph?ATheoriginoftouch.BTheimportanceoftouch.CThedevelopmentoftouch.DTheprocessoftransportingtouch.2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4referto?AThebrain.

7、BThetouch.CThenerve.DThesignal.3Whatisthetypicalfeatureofthelatestrobots?ATheycanseewhattheyregrasping.BTheycantaketheplaceofpeopleinworkplaces.CTheycantellwhetherthefruitsandvegetablesareripe.DTheycanholdthingsaccordingtotheirouterfeatures.4Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?AASenseofTouchforRobotsB

8、ARoboticHandforClassifyingFruitsCARoboticHandwithaGentleTouchDARobotMadeofFlexibleMaterialsBScientistshavecreatedtheworldsfirstliving, selfhealingrobotsusingstemcells(干细胞)fromfrogs.NamedxenobotsaftertheAfricanclawedfrogfromwhichtheytaketheirstemcells, the“machines”arelessthanamillimeterwidesmallenou

9、ghtotravelinsidehumanbodies.Theycanwalkandswim, surviveforweekswithoutfood, andworktogetheringroups.“Theseareentirelynewlifeforms，”saidtheUniversityofVermont, whichconductedtheresearchwithTuftsUniversitysAllenDiscoveryCenter.Theresearchersremovedlivingstemcellsfromfrogembryos(胚胎), andleftthemtohatch

10、.Then, thecellswerecutandreshapedintospecific“bodyforms”designedbyasupercomputerforms“neverseeninnature”，accordingtoanewsreleasefromtheUniversityofVermont.Xenobotsevenhaveregenerativeabilities.Whenthescientistsslicedintoonerobot, ithealedbyitselfandkeptmoving.Theydontlookliketraditionalrobotstheyhav

11、enoshinyclothingorroboticarms.Instead, theylookmorelikeatinydropofmovingpinkflesh.Theresearcherssaythisisdeliberatethis“biologicalmachine”canachievethingswhichtypicalrobotsofsteelandplasticcannot.“Traditionalrobotsdegradeovertimeandcanproduceharmfulecologicalandhealthsideeffects，”researcherssaidinth

12、estudy.“Asbiologicalmachines, xenobotsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforhumanhealth.”Accordingtotheresearchers, theserobotscouldbeusedtocleanupradioactivewaste, collectmicroplasticsintheoceans, orevencarrymedicineinsidehumanbodies.Asidefromtheseimmediatepracticaltasks, theycouldalsohelpresear

13、cherstolearnmoreaboutcellbiologyopeningthedoorstofutureadvancementinhumanhealthandlongevity.Thissoundslikesomethingfromascifimovie.Somepeopleevenvoicedtheirconcernthathumansmightbetakencontrolofbythosexenobots.However, theresearchersinthestudysaythereisnoneedforalarm.Theycantreproduceorevolve(进化)5Wh

14、atisthispassagemainlyabout?ATheadvantagesofamedicalrobot.BTheapplicationofrobotsinbiology.CThegeneralintroductionofalivingrobot.DThemedicalvalueofAfricanclawedfrogs.6Whatdoestheunderlinedword“regenerative”inParagraph3probablymean?ALivinglonger.BGrowingagain.CReplacingoldcells.DDefendingagainstattack

15、s.7Whatcanweknowaboutxenobots?ATheycandoeverythingthattraditionalrobotscan.BTheycanbreakupsteelandplasticwhiledegrading.CTheyareabletocurepeopleofallkindsofdiseases.DTheyareharmlesstotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.8Whatistheresearchersattitudetothedevelopmentofxenobots?ADoubtful.BPositive.CCautious.DC

16、asual.CAInc.hasplanstodropoffpackagesdirectlyintoshoppershouses.TheworldslargestonlineretailerhasannouncedAmazonKey, alockandcamerasystemthatuserscontrolremotelytoletdeliveryassociates(伙伴)putgoodsintotheirhouses.Customerscancreatetemporarypasswords(密码)forfriendsandotherserviceprofessionalstoenterasw

17、ell.ThesmartlockmayhelpAmazongetsalesfromshopperswhocannotmakeithometoreceiveanorderanddontwantthepackagestolenfromtheirdoorstep.ItalsosignalsAmazonsdeterminationtowinthemarketofhomesecuritydevices, whereAlphabetInc.sNestLabscompetes.“Thisisnotanexperimentforus，”saidPeterLarsen, Amazonvicepresidento

18、fdeliverytechnology, inaninterview.“ThisisakeypartoftheAmazonshoppingexperiencefromthispointforward.”MembersofAmazonsshoppingclubPrimecanpay$249.99andupforacloudcontrolledcameraandlockthatthecompanyofferstoinstall.Deliveryassociatesaretoldtoringadoorbellorknockwhentheyarriveatsomeoneshouse.Ifnoonegr

19、eetsthem, theypress“unlock”inamobileapp, andAmazonchecksitssystemsinaninstanttomakesuretherightassociateandpackagearepresent.Thecamerathenstreamsvideotothecustomerwhoremotelycanwatchtheinhomedeliverytakeplace.Theassociatecannotcontinuewithothertripsuntilthehouseisagainlocked.Itisunclearifsuchprotect

20、ionswillpersuadecustomersthattheserviceissafetouse.Larsensaidstealingwas“notsomethingthathappensinpractice”，basedonearlytestsoftheAmazonKeyprogram.Headdedthatifaproblemarises, “YoncancallcustomerserviceandAmazonwillworkwithyoutomakesureitsright, reimbursing(赔偿)youforanylossordamageinsomecases.”9What

21、canwelearnabouttheAmazonKey?AIthasalimiteduse.BItcanpreventstealinginreality.CIthasbeenacceptedbycustomers.DItplaysanimportantpartinAmazonsmarketplanning.10Whowillbethecustomerstobuythesmartlock?AThosewhoentertainguestsathome.BThosewhooftenbuythingsonAmazon.CThosewhocantreceivethepackageinperson.DTh

22、osewhocareabouthomesafetyverymuch.11Whatshoulddeliveryassociatesdofirsttostartthelock?AMakesurethereisnooneathome.BInstallthelockforthecustomers.CConnectthelocktoacamera.DPress“unlock”inamobileapp.12Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?AEntertainment.BTechnology.CEducation.DLifestyle.课时作业(三)阅

23、读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文，英国在线超市Ocado最近展示了一只可以采摘水果和蔬菜的机械手，它由有柔韧性的材料构成，并能依据物体的大小和形状来进行摘取。1答案与解析：B主旨大意题。由第二段第一、二句可知，触觉是人体最先发育、持续时间最长的感觉；根据第二段第三句“Humans use their touch to protect themselves, to create emotional relationships with other people and to experience pleasure.”可知，人们用触觉来保护自己，创造和他人的情感联系并感受快乐；据此可推知，

24、该段主要介绍了触觉的重要性，故B项正确。2答案与解析：B代词指代题。根据第四段第二句“This informs the brain about the location of the touch, the amount of force used, and the speed at which it was used.”可知，这告知大脑所要触摸的位置、使用的力度以及使用的速度；结合第四段内容可知，该段主要介绍触觉发生的原理；据此可推知，画线词指代该句中的touch，故B项正确。3答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第五段第三、四句的内容尤其是“grasp the thing based on its

25、 size and shape”“pick objects safely and without causing damage”可知，最新的机器人的特点是能根据水果和蔬菜的外部特征去进行摘取，故D项正确。4答案与解析：C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段“An online supermarket companyOcado in the UK has recently displayed a robotic hand that can pick fruits and vegetables！”点明全文主题；结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一种能用适当的力度采摘水果、蔬菜的机械手，故C项最适合作

26、本文标题。B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的生物机器人xenobots，包括它的特点及应用等。5答案与解析：C主旨大意题。阅读全文，尤其根据第一段内容可知，科学家们利用青蛙的干细胞创造了世界上第一个活的、可以自我修复的机器人。以从中提取干细胞的非洲爪蟾命名，这种机器人的宽度不到一毫米，小到可以在人体内移动。本文主要是介绍了最新的一款活的机器人，故选C。6答案与解析：B词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下一句可知，当科学家将一个机器人切开时，它可以自愈并且继续移动。根据句意和healed by itself猜测regenerative的意思是“再生的”，故选B。7答案与解析：D细节

27、理解题。根据第三段中最后一句“As biological machines, xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health.”可知，这种xenobots机器人对环境和人类健康的危害较小，故选D。8答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Some people even voiced their concern that humans might be taken control of by those xenobots. However, the researchers in the study s

28、ay there is no need for alarm. They cant reproduce or evolve (进化)”可知，一些人甚至表达他们担心人类会被那些xenobots控制。不过，研究者们在研究中说没有必要惊慌。它们没有繁殖和进化的能力。故可推测，研究人员对xenobots的发展持积极的态度，故选B。C【语篇解读】本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是人与社会之科学与技术。文章介绍了网上零售商巨头亚马逊推出的智能锁。顾客不在家时，家门也能被打开，这样快递人员可以将包裹送入家中。9答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第二段的“It also signals Amazons determi

29、nation to win the market of home security devices.”可知，智能锁在亚马逊的市场计划中扮演着重要的角色。10答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段的“The smart lock may help Amazon get sales from shoppers who cannot make it home to receive an order.”可知，那些不能亲自收快递的人会是购买智能锁的消费者。11答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第四段的“Delivery associates are told to ring a doorbell or knock when they arrive at someones house. If no one greets them.”可知，快递人员在开锁之前应先确定房间里没人。12答案与解析：B文章出处题。阅读全文可知，本文介绍了网上零售商巨头亚马逊推出的智能锁，是属于科技的范畴，因此最有可能出现在报纸的Technology部分。