北京市2022高考英语一轮复习 练习手册（5）（含解析）新人教版.docx

1、北京市2022高考英语（新人教版）一轮复习练习手册（5）附详细解析课时作业(五)必修1Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero(限时：45分钟)完形填空（二）My husband Jeff and I moved into our new home in Scottsbluff last year just before Christmas. I did not have the 1 or energy to carry out my traditional Christmas decorating and baking activities. What was t

2、he point, anyway? It was going to be a 2 Christmas after all. _3_, the neighborly nature of west Nebraska residents started to trickle (陆续来临) in. There was a 4 on the door one evening. It was Jeffs new colleague, John Smith, and his wife, Phyllis. The Smiths had stopped by to 5 us to town with a loa

3、f of homemade bread. They pointed out a 6 on the porch (门廊). Apparently the doorbell wasnt working in the cold snowy weather and we had 7 a visit from the Browns, our across-the-street neighbors, who brought us a Christmas card and more Christmas cookies. The 8 feelings brought by these thoughtful g

4、estures lasted longer than the food.As Jeff and I were clearing pre-Christmas 9 from our driveway, Ernie Guzman came over from next door to 10 us to dig out. Then, we received an invitation to 11 a Christmas Eve meal with our neighbors, Ernie and Nancy Sommer, and their 12 a 90-year-old lady, who al

5、so had no family in the immediate area with whom to spend the holiday. Our Christmas Eve was quite merry, thanks to our 13 . Our Christmas morning 14 was special, thanks to the Smiths gift of bread. I was so 15 for these gestures of welcome, especially during the holidays.This year, we were again un

6、able to be with our families for Christmas. The 16 and work schedules just made things too difficult. 17 that sense of Christmas isolation (孤立) all too well, we decided to try to round up some other folks who were 18 in the holidays. Lonely people are all around us, but most of us 19 notice them. Ju

7、st take a look around you. Sometimes, the smallest 20 gesture can make a world of difference.1. A. chance B. time C. anxiety D. ability2. A. merry B. free C. lonely D. usual3. A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. Somehow D. However4. A. card B. sign C. knock D. note5. A. welcome B. invite C. drive D. send6.

8、 A. tree B. package C. mail D. flower7. A. forgot B. arranged C. received D. missed8. A. deep B. true C. warm D. mixed9. A. snow B. rubbish C. dust D. leaves10. A. teach B. help C. urge D. forbid11. A. share B. prepare C. taste D. exchange12. A. aunt B. guest C. maid D. partner13. A. folks B. relati

9、ves C. colleagues D. neighbors14. A. call B. greeting C. breakfast D. meeting15. A. sorry B. eager C. ready D. grateful16. A. distance B. expense C. season D. situation17. A. Studying B. Showing C. Knowing D. Discovering18. A. alone B. busy C. happy D. active19. A. always B. seldom C. finally D. usu

10、ally20. A. careful B. patient C. vague D. kind【解题导语】作者和她的丈夫在圣诞节前搬家到了内布拉斯加州斯科茨布拉夫(Scottsbluff)，远离自己的亲戚，本以为会孤单地度过那个圣诞节，可是友好的当地人送来了浓浓的温情，作者过了个非常温馨的圣诞节，1.【解析】选B。 作者和丈夫刚刚搬家到Scottsbluff，有许多的事情要打理，故应是“没有时间和精力” 来准备圣诞节。【解题误区】本题易误选A。chance机会，与语境相符。2.【解析】选C。根据文章倒数第四段中who also had no family in the immediate are

11、a with whom to spend the holiday.以及文章最后一段第一句话可知，选项C正确。【解题误区】本题易误选D。usual通常的，惯常的，根据下文的讲述可知，那次圣诞节与以往不一样，故选项D不正确。3.【解析】选D。此处与上文构成转折关系，与本来预料的情况相反。However但是，与语境相符。【解题误区】选项A的意思是“因此”；选项B的意思是“在此期间”；选项C的意思是“不知怎么地”，均与语境不符。4.【解析】选C。根据下文Apparently the doorbell wasnt working in the cold snowy weather可知应是“敲门”【解题误

12、区】选项A的意思是“卡片”；选项B的意思是“招牌，符号”；选项D的意思是“便条”，均与语境不符。5.【解析】选A。作者是刚刚搬到Scottsbluff，故史密斯夫妇应是带着自家做的一条面包来表示欢迎。【解题误区】本题易误选B。学生可能只注意到结构“invite sb. to”invite邀请，与语境不符6.【解析】选B。他们指着门廊的一个包裹(包裹)，与下文包裹中的东西(a Christmas card and more Christmas cookies)相呼应。【解题误区】本题易误选C。mail是邮件的意思，根据下文可以排除。7.【解析】选D。根据上文可知，作者是错过(miss)了布朗夫妇

13、的一次拜访。【解题误区】本题易误选A。选项A的意思是“忘记”，从文章中看不出作者和布朗夫妇在之前有约定，故也不可能有忘记之说。8.【解析】选C。由这些体贴入微的表示所带来的温暖的(warm)感觉比起食物来持续得更久。【解题误区】本题易误选A。作者讲述的这件事的基调是温情，故deep“深厚的”不恰当。9.【解析】选A。作者夫妇正在清除 (住宅前的)车道上圣诞节前的积雪(snow)。【解题误区】本题易误选B。选项B的意思是“垃圾”，(住宅前的)车道上有垃圾不合常理。10.【解析】选B。隔壁的Ernie Guzman过来帮忙(help)铲雪。【解题误区】选项A的意思是“教”；选项C的意思是“催促”；

14、选项D的意思是“禁止”，均与语境不符。11.【解析】选A。share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物。【解题误区】本题易误选C。文章此处表达的意思是“Ernie and Nancy Sommer邀请作者夫妇共进圣诞晚餐”而taste是品尝的意思，故选项C不正确。12.【解析】选B。Ernie and Nancy Sommer还邀请了另一位客人(guest)。【解题误区】选项A的意思是“姨；姑”；选项C的意思是“女仆”；选项D的意思是“搭档”，均与文意不符。13.【解析】选D。根据文章倒数第四段可知，作者夫妇应是与他们的邻居(neighbors)Ernie and Nancy Somm

15、er以及另一位女士共进圣诞晚餐【解题误区】选项A的意思是“亲属；人们”；选项B的意思是“亲戚”；选项C的意思是“同事”，均与语境不符。14.【解析】选C。根据下文thanks to the Smiths gift of bread可知，此处表达的意思应是：圣诞早餐(breakfast)很特别。【解题误区】本题易误选A或B。选项A的意思是“拜访”；选项B的意思是“问候”，均与下文语义联系不紧密。15.【解析】选D。作者对于人们的欢迎的表示心怀感激(grateful)。【解题误区】选项A的意思是“抱歉的”；选项B的意思是“渴望的”；选项C的意思是“准备好的”，均与语境不符。16.【解析】选A。今年

16、因为距离(distance)和工作日程使得作者夫妇又不能和家人一起过圣诞节。文章倒数第四段中who also had no family in the immediate area with whom to spend the holiday.对于选择A项是一个提示。【解题误区】选项B的意思是“费用”；选项C的意思是“季节”；选项D的意思是“情况”，在文中难以看出与之有关的暗示。17.【解析】选C。因为非常了解(know)圣诞孤立，【解题误区】本题易误选D。选项D的意思是“发现”，与语境不符。18.【解析】选A。因为非常了解(know)圣诞孤立，所以我们决定把其他的在假日中独自一人的(alon

17、e)人们聚在一起。【解题误区】本题易误选B。文章讲述的是在作者现在生活的这个地方孤独的人是如何在圣诞节日期间得到温情的，而选项B的意思是“繁忙的”，与语境不符。19. 【解析】选B。孤独的人在我们周围，但我们很少(seldom)注意到他们。句中的连接词but是解题的关键。【解题误区】选项A的意思是“总是”；选项C的意思是“最后”；选项D的意思是“通常”，均与语境不符。 20.【解析】选D。有时一个小的善意的(kind)表示能够带来很大的不同。【解题误区】选项A的意思是“小心的”；选项B的意思是“耐心的”；选项C的意思是“模糊的”，均与语境不符。*结束.单项填空1Whenever we are

18、in _ trouble, we should never lose _ heart.Aa; the Ba; a C/；/ D/; the2Principal White has been working in the school for about 20 years, _all his energy to teaching and researching as well as the running of a healthy school. Adevoted BdevotingCto devote Dand devote3With the money earned from the sch

19、ool garden, the students bought a blackboard, chairs and other things to _ a “green classroom”Apack up Bset upCadd up Dcome up4I cant say Im the best. I have only _ made more efforts than others.Adefinitely BrelativelyCobviously Dcertainly5Apart from the opening and closing ceremonies and some key m

20、atches, ticket price will be _ to ordinary people.Aavailable BconsiderableCacceptable Dpractical6The two nurses _ 100，000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion.Arewarded Bwould be rewardedChave been rewarded Dhad been rewarded7Shes having a lot of trouble with the new compute

21、r, but she doesnt know whom to _Aturn to Blook forCdeal with Dtalk about8The last thirty years_ the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress. Until today we have reached a stage_we have almost no rights at all.Asaw; which Bsee; whereCare seeing; in which Dhave seen; where9Do you know

22、 anything new about the incident?A working party _ to look into the problem.Awas set up Bhas been set upChas been setting up Dis setting up10The little boy is lucky enough to have escaped _ to death in the big fire.Aburning Bto be burnedCbeing burned Dto have been burned11The island is_attractive in

23、 spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.Apartly Bmerely Cnearly Dequally12You can never imagine what great trouble I had_the poor boy who was hurt seriously.Ahelp Bto help Chelped Dhelping13Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours_a decision.Athey reached B

24、did they reachCthey reach Ddo they reach14_I met him，he was working as a secretary in a big company.AFor the first time BThe first time CThe first time when DWhen the first time15She pretended to be calm but _ she was more than nervous at the time she was being questioned.Ain actual BactuallyCas mat

25、ter of fact Din a fact.阅读理解AIn an ideal world, people would not test medicines on animals.Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals, and expensive and timeconsuming for people.Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge vast gaps in medical knowledge.That is why

26、there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.Europe, on the whole, has the worlds most restrictive laws on animal experiments. Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research.Official statistics show

27、 that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year.But that is misleading.The American authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher.Japan and China have even less comprehensive dat

28、a than America.Now Europe is reforming the rules governing animal experiments by restricting the number of animals used in labs.Alternatives to animal testing, such as using human tissue or computer models, are now strongly recommended.In addition, sharing all research results freely should help to

29、reduce the number of animals for scientific use.At present, scientists often share only the results of successful experiments.If their findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested, the work never sees the light of day.This practice means wasting time, money, and animals lives in endlessly repeati

30、ng the failed experiments.Animal experimentation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives.It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer.Europe s new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which sci

31、entific research is conducted.16What is the main idea of this passage?AThe success of animal experiments should be ensured.BBan on the use of animals in the lab should be enforced.CGreater efforts need to be taken to reduce the number of lab animals.DScientists should be required to share their rese

32、arch results with each other.17Which of the following statements is true about animals used in the lab?AAmerica uses only about 1.1 million lab animals per year.BEurope does not use mice and rats as lab animals at all.CBritain does not use as many lab animals as China does.DJapan has limited data on

33、 the number of lab animals used each year.18Which of the following is mentioned as an alternative to replace animal experiments?AStatistical studies. BComputer models.CDNA planted in animals. DTissue from dead animals.19What usually happens to unsuccessful animal experiments?AThey are not revealed t

34、o the public.BThey are made into teaching materials.CThey are collected for future publication.DThey are not removed from the research topic list.BToday we will explain a very old saying that has had a big influence on rockandroll music. That saying is “A rolling stone gathers no moss”It has several

35、 meanings. One meaning is that a person who never settles down in one place will not be successful. Another is that someone who is always moving, with no roots in one place, avoids responsibilities.This proverb was said to be first used in the 1500s. But in the 1960s, the expression “rolling stone”

36、became famous in the world of rockandroll music. It became the name of a song, a rock group and a magazine.Experts say it all started with a song by the American singer and guitarist Muddy Waters. He was one of the countrys top blues musicians until his death in 1983. His music influenced singers li

37、ke Elvis Presley and Bob Dylan. In 1950, Muddy Waters recorded a song called “Rolling Stone”A British rock group is said to have taken its name from Muddy Waters song. The Rolling Stones performed for the first time in 1962.The groups members called themselves “the worlds greatest rockandroll band”I

38、n 1965, Bob Dylan released his song “Like a Rolling Stone”It is one of his best known and most influential works.It is an angry song about a woman who was once rich and successful. But now she is on her own，“with no direction home, like a complete unknown, like a rolling stone”In 1967, a young man n

39、amed Jann Wenner started a magazine and he named it “Rolling Stone”The magazine reported on rock music and the popular culture that the music created. By 1971，“Rolling Stone” had become the leading rock music and counterculture publication. It is still popular today.20Which person can be described a

40、s a rolling stone according to the proverb?AA person who always changes his jobs.BA person who has a successful career.CA person who has no family.DA person who is out of work.21All of them are musicians except _AElvis Presley BBob DylanCMuddy Waters DJann Wenner22Who first used “rolling stone” as a

41、 name for music?AJann Wenner. BBob Dylan.CElvis Presley. DMuddy Waters.书面表达最近我校举办了一次英语书法比赛。大部分同学们积极参与，但少数同学书写不好，也不愿改善。请你根据以下提示，给二十一世纪报写一篇短文，分析该现象产生的原因并发表自己的看法。现象 一些学生不善书写，也不愿改善书写原因1.可以借助电脑，没有必要练字； 2功课太忙，没时间练字；3练字见效慢，很难练好。你的看法注意：1词数120左右；2开头已给出，不计入总词数。In order to arouse the students interest in Engli

42、sh learning and enrich our school life, _参考答案课时作业(五).1.C考查冠词的用法。in trouble处于困境中；lose heart失去信心。2B考查非谓语动词的用法。devote的逻辑主语就是主句的主语Principal White, 后面有宾语all his energy，所以用现在分词表主动。3B考查动词短语辨析。set up 成立，建立，符合句意。 pack up 包起来；add up 加起来； come up 出现。4B考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不能说自己是最好的，相对而言，我只是比别人付出更多努力而已。definitely意为“肯定地

43、，当然地，明确地”；relatively意为“相对地，比较地”；obviously意为“显然地”；certainly意为“当然，一定”。根据句意可知B项正确。5C考查形容词辨析。acceptable可接受的，与to搭配，符合句意。available可用的；considerable相当多(或大、重要等)的；practical实际的。6D考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知，reward所表示的动作发生在“donated”这一动作之前，所以用过去完成时；分析句子结构可知，“reward”与“the two nurses”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。故选D。7A考查动词短语辨析。句意：她新买

44、的电脑使用起来很困难，但她不知道向谁求助。 turn to 求助于；look for 寻找； deal with 处理； talk about 谈论。8D考查动词的时态和定语从句。句意：在过去这30年中，我们已经见证了，故用现在完成时；stage作先行词，后面的定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where。9B考查动词的时态。句意：已经成立一个工作小组去调查这个问题了。故用现在完成时的被动语态。10C考查动词的用法。escape后跟动名词作宾语；由于主语the little boy是burn动作的承受者，所以要用动名词的被动式。11D考查副词的用法。根据本句后半部分的内容可知这座岛屿在春天和秋天同

45、样吸引人，所以用equally表示“相等地，同样”。12D考查固定搭配。将句子成分great trouble放回原处，即have trouble(in) doing可知答案是D。13B考查倒装结构。句意：只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。only修饰时间状语从句且位于句首时，主句应采用部分倒装的形式。根据状语从句的时态可以确定主句应用一般过去时态。故选B。14B考查名词短语的连词功能。the first time相当于一个连词，意为“第一次”。15B考查词语辨析。句意：她假装镇静但实际上在被提问时她十分紧张。 actually 实际上，相当于 in fact, as a ma

46、tter of fact。.A用动物进行试验被人们的舆论推向了风口浪尖，然而，受诸多因素的影响，终止动物实验的道路依然任重而道远。尽管欧洲有严格的法律限制，但是仍然需要另找突破口。16C主旨大意题。文章第一段指出用动物进行试验难以杜绝的原因，第二段提到欧洲对动物实验的法律限制的效果并不理想，第三段讲了欧洲为限制动物实验所作出的努力，最后一段提到欧洲的新措施应该既要减少用于实验的动物的数量，又要改善科学研究的方法，所以C项最能概括文章大意。17D正误判断题。第二段的最后一句提到日本和中国与美国的数据相比甚至更不全面，由此可推知日本对每年用于实验室动物的数据记录有限。18B细节理解题。根据第三段第

47、二句中的内容可知可用“人体组织”和“电脑模型”来取代动物实验。19A推理判断题。根据第三段中的倒数第二、第三句可知，科学家们只分享成功的试验，如果结果与假设不符，所做的工作将不公开。由此可推断不成功的试验不会展示给公众。B本文讲述的是谚语A rolling stone gathers no moss.“滚石不生苔，改行不攒财”对滚石音乐的影响以及滚石杂志的诞生。20A 推理判断题。从第一段的最后两句话可知这句谚语有两种含义，一种是那些不安心待在某个地方的人不会成功，另一种是那些扎不下来根儿的人不负责任。A项指的是经常换工作的人，符合题意。21D细节理解题。根据第三段可知Elvis Presle

48、y，Bob Dylan和Muddy Waters都是音乐家；根据最后一段可知Jann Wenner是开办杂志滚石的人。故选D。22D细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Experts say it all started with a song by the American singer and guitarist Muddy Waters.”可知，rolling stone作为音乐的名字最早是被Muddy Waters使用的。.One possible version：In order to arouse the students interest in English learning an

49、d enrich our school life, we held an English Handwriting Competition. Many students took an active part in the activity.However, some students who are poor at handwriting dont want to improve their handwriting. The reasons are as follows：On one hand, they think that there is no need to waste time im

50、proving their handwriting because they can just use a computer. On the other hand, they believe that they are too busy with their studies to find time to practice. Besides, practicing handwriting is so difficult that they cant make great progress in a short time.In my view, students beautiful and ne

51、at handwriting is beneficial to themselves. Whats more, good handwriting is always appreciated by people, especially by teachers. Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future.一、导语 What does beauty really mean？ Everybody has own definition. The standard of beauty changes with di

52、fferent society， culture and nations. Some hold the point that the beautiful appearance is of great importance， which is visible to all. Others have the idea that the spiritual beauty is the loveliest one, which lasts long. However different it might be， their opinions are all acceptable. 什么是美呢？每个人都

53、有自己的定义。美的标准因社会、文化和国度不同而产生差异。有的人认为相貌上的美是最重要、最直观的美，有的人则认为心灵上的美才是最可爱、最长久的美。无论哪种美，这些对美的定义都是有道理的。 二、创设情境 以“What is beauty in your mind”为主题，发表自己的看法，题目自拟。要求：1. 行文流畅，观点鲜明；2. 内容丰富，层次分明；3. 词数150左右。 三、学生习作 Beauty will buy no beef Everyone admires beauty. Nowadays some people tend to think that they own beauty

54、if they have a good looking. They are not satisfied with their appearance. They spend much money taking a kind of operation. Can beauty really be man-made？If so， everybody can get beauty. As a result，there is no beauty at all. The appearance is given by our parents and is unique in the world. Everyo

55、ne should value it. Id rather prefer nature as the standard of beauty. Just accept yourself, accept everything the god gives to you，and create the beautiful life belong to you. Many heroes dont have beautiful surface. However，their beautiful images often come to our minds. Their beauty comes from th

56、eir contributions to the society. Dont be eager to judge whether a person is beautiful or not without a thorough understanding of him. A beautiful person is not the one with a good looking，but with a broad and kind heart. Good looking is pleasant while spiritual beauty is more important. As an old s

57、aying goes，“Virtue is fairer than beauty.”If you have a kind heart，you own real beauty. 【点评】 本文以谚语“漂亮不能当饭吃”为题，直截了当地亮出了自己的观点。全文以“美德胜于美貌”为主线，阐述了“追求外形的美而放弃了内在的美不是真正的美”。文章观点鲜明，结构严谨，用词恰当，作者能运用谚语来强化自己的观点，有较强的英语语言组织能力和表达能力。 本文有两处语言错误： Id rather prefer应改为 Id prefer。would rather表示“宁愿”，prefer也是“宁愿”的意思，两者不能连用在一起。 belong to 改为belonging to，在此处作定语。*结束 11