江苏省沭阳县潼阳中学牛津译林版英语必修一UNIT1 动词不定式 课件 .ppt

1、 so thatadj/adv+enough to do sth be caught in as a result of as a result wake up to 形式宾语make/think/feel/find+it+adj to do形式主语It is+adj+(for sb)to do/doing/从句 prevent sb/sth(from)doing sth one after another sweep away have an effect on take in give out I couldnt agree with you more I have no idea in

2、a nutshell Its scary Ill do my best from what I understand put into take away if possible try to do sth look after think about非谓语动词doing 动名词&现在分词done 过去分词to do 不定式to do 可以作除谓语之外的任何成分不定式的形式：主动被动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing /完成式to have doneto have been done其否定形式：not to do1)一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生

3、或发生在谓语动词动作之后。2)He seems to know French.(同时发生)3)I expect to hear from you soon.4)hear from you 动作在expect之后5)2)进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生并在进行中。6)He pretends to be working hard.7)3)完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。8)I regretted to have told a lie.先发生关于句子成分：必不可少的成分：主语+谓语(+宾语)主语+系动词+表语其它成分：定语，状语，补足语 I had a very difficu

4、lt job to do in my officeyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语定语地点状语时间状语不定式的句法功能：1)作主语谓语动词用单三形式，常用it作形式主语2)To learn English well is not easy.3)=It is not easy to learn English well.you are foolish在形式主语中 It is+adj+for sb to do 与 It is+adj+of sb to do的区别for sb 结构中 adj 表示事情的特征，指客观情况of sb 结构中 adj 说明sb 的特征。It is foolish of

5、 you to say such words.It is necessary for us to learn our lessons well.we are necessary2)作表语 (系动词之后为表语)Your job is to wash dishes.All I did was(to)give him some advice.表语不定式如果解释主语中do的意义时，to可以省略。3)作宾语在vt之后 用to do 形式此类动词：decide,hope,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,manage,agree,promise,等She promised to give

6、him a chance.4)作宾语补足语v+sb/sth+to do(补充说明)此类动词：want,wish,ask,tell,teach,allow等He told me not to bring you anything.注意：to do 在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make,have等后面作宾补时，省略to.而help之后的to可加可不加。I never let my child stay in the house all day.I heard her say that shed like to go with me.Could

7、you help me(to)repair the car?The doctor make him give up drinking.被动：He was made to give up drinking.(主语补足语)5)作定语(修饰名词)to do 作定语与所饰名词有以下关系：主谓关系，动宾关系，同位关系，如：She was the first girl to work out the problem.(主谓关系)He has an important meeting to attend.(动宾关系)He keeps his promise to write to usregularly.(

8、同位关系)动宾关系时：定语to do 的动词如果是不及物动词或情况需要时，后面应加有必要的介词，如：Have you got a pencil to draw pictures with.He is a man to depend on.6)作状语：目的，原因，结果，条件We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)He hurried to the school only to find nobody there.(结果)To look at him,you would like him.(条件)I came to Beijing to see you.

9、(目的状语)作目的状语时to do 中的to 可用 in order to 或so as to代替，以加强语气，so as to 不放句首In order to see you,I came to Beijing.I came to Beijing so as to see you.否定时，用in order not to或so as not to而不用not to.They started very early in order not to/so as not to miss the train.They started early not to miss the train.X两个结构：

10、too to 太而不能She is too nervous to answer the question.如果too前有否定词，整个句子用否定表肯定，表示一种委婉含义，译为“不太”Its never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚当too前有only,all,but 时too=veryI am only too pleased to be able to help you.我非常高兴能帮助你。She was but too eager to get home.她很想回家 adj+enough+to do足够去做 7)to do与疑问词(how,what,where,when等)连

11、用起名词作用，可做主语，表语，宾语，补足语 He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is still unknown.No one told me where to find him.This is just what I want.8)to do 中的省略 to do 中动词do的省略The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him not to.not to=not to ride his bicycle in the street为

12、了避免重复，省略了to 后内容.常出现在下列动词之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try或出现在be glad,be happy,would like,would love等结构之后，如：_Would you like to go with me?_I would like to.省略to 的常见情况：在某些情态动词和助动词do,shall,will,would,can,could,may,might,must,need,dare等后面，省去to,如：You must stay here now.see,hear,watch,no

13、tice,feel make,let,have+宾语+do在“why(not)+不定式”结构中，不定式不带toWhy spend so much money?Why not let him have a try?如果介词except,but 前面有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式不带to,其他情况带toMary did nothing except/but clean the dishes.It had no effect except to make him angry.下列固定短语：cant(couldnt)but do cant(couldnt)help but do cant choos

14、e but do 不得不had better,would rather,之后+doI cannot but solve the problem by myself.I would rather stay at home than go out.不定式的被动式He preferred to be given some heavier work to do.to do 逻辑上的主语是do动作的承受者时，用不定式被动形式。He didnt expect the book to be so well received.He preferred to have been given some heavi

15、er work to do.在“There be”句型中，当说话人考虑的是有人去完成某事时，用to do的主动形式。如果强调事情本身必须要做时，则用to do的被动形式。如：There is a lot of work to do.有许多工作要（人）去做。（需要人去做工作）There is a lot of work to be done.有许多工作要做。（工作需要被做）There is nothing to do.(什么都不做，无所事事)There is nothing to be done.(任何事情都做不了，没有办法了)主动表被动的情况We still have many difficu

16、lties to overcome.(1)不定式to do与其修饰名词构成动宾关系(overcome the difficulties)，又和该句主语构成逻辑主谓关系(We overcome difficulties)时，不定式常用主动式。He needs a room to live in.(he live in a room)We should take measures instead of waiting here for problems to be solved.(等着问题解决，主语不是we)I feel really tired because I still have many

17、 problems to solve.(I solve the problems)(2)在“主语+系动词+adj+to do”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，且adj表示主语的特征或性质。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous，cheap，fit，heavy 等He is not easy to persuade.(to persuade him)He is hard to talk to.(to talk to him)