北京市东城区2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末试卷（Word版附解析）.docx

1、东城区2022-2023学年度第二学期期末统一检测高二英语本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 知识运用(共三节，40分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Jeremy Locke who owns a roofing and construction company, had always been wanting to _1_ the roof of Jeanette MacD

2、onalds home. Whenever he drove past the womans home, he _2_ that another group of repairmen had taken on the job. But as weeks wore on, the roof continued to worsen without any _3_ of repair. “I had it in my mind that if no one steps up to help this lady in our community, Id love to,” said Locke to

3、his wife. When Locke finally _4_ MacDonald about fixing her roof for free, however, she politely turned him down because she did not like to accept _5_. She told Locke, “I applied for a government grant (补助金) to fix the roof and Ill be more than happy to _6_ you once the grant application was approv

4、ed”. _7_, the approval never came. So Locke changed tactics (策略). The sympathetic construction worker played a/an _8_ trick to make her accept his help. He invited MacDonald to enter a raffle (抽奖) that his business was holding for a free roof. After MacDonald got one of the raffle tickets, Locke tol

5、d her that she was the _9_. Not until the new roof was finished did MacDonald know that she was the only one who had entered the raffle. MacDonald said that she didnt know how to express her _10_ to Locke, saying that he was her “guardian angel”.1. A. designB. repairC. decorateD. construct2. A. anno

6、uncedB. acknowledgedC. assumedD. appreciated3. A. signsB. hopeC. meansD. need4 A. went along withB. kept track ofC. looked out forD. reached out to5. A. charityB. apologiesC. adviceD. invitations6. A. awardB. thankC. traceD. hire7. A. UnknowinglyB. NaturallyC. UnfortunatelyD. Gradually8. A. unpleasa

7、ntB. innocentC. meanD. cheap9. A. joinerB. ownerC. helperD. winner10. A. gratitudeB. generosityC. sympathyD. blessing【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个温暖的故事：25岁善良的Jeremy Locke千方百计地帮助Jeanette MacDonald家免费修理坏掉的屋顶，并说了一个白色谎言让老人安心接受。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：拥有一家屋顶和建筑公司

8、的Jeremy Locke一直想修理珍妮特麦克唐纳家的屋顶。A. design设计；B. repair修理；C. decorate装饰；D. construct建造。根据“another group of repairmen had taken on the job.”可知，此处表示他想要修理Jeanette 的屋顶。故选B。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当他开车经过那个女人的家时，他就认为是另一群修理工接手了这项工作。A. announced宣布；B. acknowledged承认；C. assumed认为；D. appreciated感激。根据“Whenever he drove

9、past the womans home, ”可知，当他经过Jeanette 家，以为有人修理她家屋顶。故选C。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但几周过去了，屋顶状况继续恶化，没有任何修复的迹象。A. signs迹象；B. hope希望；C. means方式；D. need需要。根据“the roof continued to worsen ”可知，Jeanette 家屋顶没有修复的迹象。故选A。【4题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，当洛克最终向麦克唐纳提供免费修理屋顶时，麦克唐纳礼貌地拒绝了他，因为她不喜欢接受慈善。A. went along with赞同；B. kept track

10、 of 跟踪；C. looked out for留心；D. reached out to向伸出援手。根据“she politely turned him down”可知，Jeanette 拒绝了洛克免费给她修理屋顶，reach out to sb.固定搭配，意为“向某人伸出援手”。故选D。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当洛克最终向麦克唐纳提供免费修理屋顶时，麦克唐纳礼貌地拒绝了他，因为她不喜欢接受慈善。A. charity慈善；B. apologies道歉；C. advice建议；D. invitations邀请。根据“about fixing her roof for free”

11、可知，这是在做慈善。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，她对洛克说:“我申请了政府拨款来修屋顶，一旦拨款批准，我将非常乐意雇佣你。”A. award授奖；B. thank感谢；C. trace追踪；D. hire雇佣。根据“I applied for a government grant (补助金) to fix the roof ”可知，Jeanette不想接受无偿帮助，想等到有钱了雇佣洛克。故选D。【7题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，批准一直没有来。A. Unknowingly不知道；B. Naturally自然；C. Unfortunately不幸；D. Grad

12、ually逐渐。根据“the approval never came.”可知，批准一直没有来，这是不幸的事情。故选C。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那位富有同情心的建筑工人耍了一个无伤大雅的把戏，使她接受了他的帮助。A. unpleasant不愉快的；B. innocent无伤大雅的；C. mean吝啬的；D. cheap便宜的。根据“He invited MacDonald to enter a raffle (抽奖) that his business was holding for a free roof.”可知，这是一个无伤大雅的把戏。故选B。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意

13、：麦克唐纳拿到一张奖券后，洛克告诉她，她是赢家。A. joiner结合者；B. owner主人；C. helper帮手；D. winner胜利者。根据“Not until the new roof was finished did MacDonald know that she was the only one who had entered the raffle.”可知，麦克唐纳是赢家。故选D。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：麦克唐纳说，她不知道如何向洛克表达自己的感激，说他是她的“守护天使”。A. gratitude感激；B. generosity大方；C. sympathy同情；D

14、. blessing祝福。根据“saying that he was her guardian angel.”可知，麦克唐纳向洛克表达了自己的感激。故选A。第二节 (共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that _11_ (find) on Norways Arctic island of Svalbard, far

15、from its habitat. All that remained of the poor bear were “skin and bones”. Experts claimed that low sea ice levels _12_ (cause) by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This _13_ (alarm) case showed how the increas

16、e in temperature had an impact on Earths ecology.【答案】11 was found 12. caused 13. alarming【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了2013年，很多人都被一张新闻照片震惊了。在挪威的北极斯瓦尔巴群岛上，人们发现了一只死去的北极熊，那里离它的栖息地很远。【11题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：2013年，很多人都被一张新闻照片震惊了。在挪威的北极斯瓦尔巴群岛上，人们发现了一只死去的北极熊，那里离它的栖息地很远。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，先行词polar bear和定语从句中的谓语动词find为被动

17、关系，结合该句前面动词were shocked可知，此处应为过去时，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构，且that指代先行词a dead polar bear，是单数。故填was found。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专家称，气候变化导致的海冰下降意味着北极熊不能像以前那样捕食海豹，所以它必须走更远的距离才能找到食物。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，low sea ice levels和动词cause为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填caused。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：这一令人震惊的案例表明，气温升高对地球生态产生了多大的影响。根据句意以及空后case为名词可知，此

18、处为形容词alarming“令人担忧的”作定语，满足句意要求。故填alarming。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Dean Schneider leaves his life in Switzerland behind and goes to Africa _14_ (pursue) his passion and make the world a better place. He was always fascinated by the animal world since he was a ch

19、ild. That is _15_ he decided to form a club to help lions born in captivity (圈养). The name of the club is “Hakuna Mipaka”a Swahili expression meaning “no limits”. It develops from five core values that Dean tries hard to follow: _16_ (free), loyalty, appreciation, brotherhood, and boldness.【答案】14. t

20、o pursue 15. why 16. freedom【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Dean Schneider离开瑞士，前往非洲追求他的激情并使世界变得更美好的故事。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Dean Schneider离开了他在瑞士的生活，去非洲追求他的激情，让世界变得更美好。句中goes为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处表示目的作状语，使用不定式结构。故填to pursue。【15题详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么他决定成立一个俱乐部来帮助圈养的狮子。设空处引导的是表语从句，引导词在从句中作原因状语，that is why意为“那就是为什么”符合句意。

21、故填why。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：俱乐部的名字是“Hakuna Mipaka”斯瓦希里语，意思是“没有限制”。它从Dean Schneider遵循的五个核心价值观发展而来：自由、忠诚、欣赏、兄弟情谊和勇敢。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，与后文的loyalty, appreciation, brotherhood, and boldness构成并列结构。free为形容词，其名词为freedom，意为“自由”，不可数。故填freedom。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Construction

22、of the Tower of Pisa began in 1173 _17_ Pisa was a center of power and wealth. But work was stopped several times because of wars. The eight-story tower was not completed until the late 1200s. The tower itself is made of marble (大理石) and _18_ (weigh) 16000 tons. However, the leaning of the tower was

23、 not for its weights _19_ for the soil underneath. The ground is _20_ (soft) on one side than on the other. The south side has sunk 6.1 feet below ground level in the past centuries. The north side has sunk 12.3 feet!【答案】17. when 18. weighs 19. but 20. softer【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了意大利的比萨斜塔。【17题详解】考查定语

24、从句。句意：比萨斜塔始建于1173年，当时比萨是权力和财富的中心。分析句子可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词1173，且关系词在从句中作时间状语成分。应用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。【18题详解】考查动词时态。句意：这座塔本身是由大理石建成的，重达16000吨。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由and连接的谓语is made of可知，句子为一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词weigh应用三单形式，和is made of是并列关系。故填weighs。【19题详解】考查固定短语。句意：然而，塔的倾斜不是因为它的重量，而是因为下面的土壤。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语no

25、tbut“不是而是”，满足句意要求。故填but。【20题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：一边的地面比另一边软。由该句中的than可知，此处为形容词比较级形式作表语。故填softer。第三节(共4小题;每小题2.5分，共10分)根据中文意思和括号内所给的提示词，翻译下面句子。请在答题卡指定区域作答。21. 在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煽炒过的红辣椒制成。 (consist of)Americas most popular Chinese dish is General Taos chicken, _ fried chicken covered in a s

26、weet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers.【答案】consisting of【解析】【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。表示“由组成”应用consist of，句子已有谓语动词is，空处需填非谓语动词作定语，General Taos chicken和consist of为逻辑主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填consisting of。22. 警察问登山者为什么在遇到危险时他们延迟发出求救信息。 (delay, send)The policeman asked the climbers _ SOS messages when in danger.【答案】

27、why they delayed sending 【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句、动词时态和短语。动词后是宾语从句，为什么是why引导宾语从句，主语是they，根据asked可知，从句中用一般过去时，“延迟做某事”是delay doing，“发送”是send，故填why they delayed sending.23. 这些图片是水墨动画电影的代表。你看过这些电影吗? (representative)These pictures _ ink wash animation films. Have you seen any of them before?【答案】are representative

28、of【解析】【详解】考查时态、主谓一致和形容词。根据汉语提示，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“的代表”用固定搭配be representative of，representative“有代表性的”是形容词作表语；句子的主语为these pictures，是复数，所以be动词应该用are。故填are representative of。24. 防止网络游戏控制青少年的生活至关重要。（prevent）It is essential _ from dominating a teenagers life.【答案】to prevent online games【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和名

29、词短语。根据汉语可知，空处表示“防止网络游戏”，结合提示可知，“防止”应用动词prevent，构成固定短语prevent sb./sth. from (doing) sth.，且句子使用了It is essential to do sth.的固定句型，prevent需用不定式形式to prevent；“网络游戏”应用名词短语online games。故填to prevent online games。第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，28分)第一节 (共9小题;每小题2分，共18分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHave you ev

30、er fantasized about how easy life would be with a personal assistant taking care of all the “little details”? Nowadays, you can get lots of the advantages of an AI assistant right on your phone or computer. Using any of these apps will help you improve your efficiency and productivity with a single

31、clickwhether you are at work or at college, or anything else in between. So go forth and download the best AI assistants: Utter. AIIf youve been looking for a better companion to help you with taking notes during meetings or lectures, Utter. AI is the right one. Utter. AI is an intelligent- dictatio

32、n app which not only takes notes and records the audio but also transcribes the text and has a highlight summary. The app offers up to 600 minutes for free and has an Utter Pro subscription for $8. 33/month. NoundNound is the perfect voice assistant researching tool you need. It doesnt just allow yo

33、u to search for the nearest subway, or what the weather will be like, with a further question or two you can get more in-depth results. Some reviews claim its the fastest and most intelligent app of its kind. Nound is a free app, but for $ 6.99 you can eliminate (清除) in-app ads and use some extra fe

34、atures. StayFocusdStayFocusd is a free browser extension that improves your productivity by blocking those distracting websites that stop you from working or studying. It gives you total control with the ability to block websites either by time and date, or by time limit. StayFocusd is a free Chrome

35、 extension. EasilyDoEasilyDo offers personal assistant services focused on communications. With just a few clicks you can customize your email notifications, back up important messages, organize your contacts, have junk and expired emails automatically deleted, and collect attachments and receipts i

36、nto one, fast-access location. Time. AIBefore you can improve your productivity habits, you need to know where youre spending your time. Time. AI does exactly that. It records how much time youre spending on the different apps and websites. Once it has a full report it will show you your statistics

37、and tell you when youve been productive and when you havent. With the report, you can set daily “Focus Work” goals and it will keep track of it to make sure youre doing the work you want to do. Time. AI gives you a 30-day free trial and will give you a special price depending on your unique needs.25

38、. Which of the following can offer help to locate an ideal hotel?A. Utter. AI.B. Nound.C. StayFocusd.D. EasilyDo.26. “Time. AI” is to help you _.A. take notesB. understand your needsC. keep focusedD. detail your daily routine27. The passage is written to _.A. emphasize the importance of AI assistant

39、sB. recommend some AI-powered appsC. offer advice to personal assistantsD. explain the way apps work【答案】25. B 26. C 27. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是五个提高工作效率的人工智能助手。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据Nound部分中“Nound is the perfect voice assistant researching tool you need. It doesnt just allow you to search for the nearest s

40、ubway, or what the weather will be like, with a further question or two you can get more in-depth results. (Nound是您需要的完美语音助手研究工具。它不仅能让你搜索最近的地铁，或者天气如何，再问一两个问题，你就能得到更深入的结果。)”可知，如果想要定位到理想中的酒店，可以问询Nound几个问题，就可以得到答案。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据Time. AI部分中“Once it has a full report it will show you your statistics

41、 and tell you when youve been productive and when you havent. With the report, you can set daily “Focus Work” goals and it will keep track of it to make sure youre doing the work you want to do. (一旦有了完整的报告，它会向你显示你的统计数据，告诉你什么时候你有效率，什么时候没有。有了这份报告，你可以设定每天的“重点工作”目标，它会跟踪你的目标，确保你在做你想做的工作。)”可知，Time. AI可以帮助

42、你跟踪你在不同的应用程序和网站上花费了多少时间，并提供一份报告来显示你什么时候高效，什么时候低效。有了这些信息，你就可以设定每天的目标，并专注于你想做的工作由此可知，“Time. AI”帮助你保持专注。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Using any of these apps will help you improve your efficiency and productivity with a single clickwhether you are at work or at college, or anything else in between. So go for

43、th and download the best AI assistants(使用这些应用程序中的任何一个都可以帮助你提高效率和生产力，只需点击一下无论你是在工作还是在大学，或者在两者之间的任何地方。所以去下载最好的人工智能助手吧!)”可知，本文的目的是向读者推荐能够提高效率和生产力的人工智能助手。故选B。BIn the middle of San Franciscos Golden Gate Park, Amanda Barrows carefully placed a wooden nightstand(床头柜) on the ground. She attached a sign rea

44、ding, “Take a poem, leave a poem.”“Its completely unexpected,” said Barrows, a park ranger (管理员) by day and a poet by night. “Im really taken aback by the outpouring of support.”Barrows has always considered herself a writer, so she enrolled in a class called Poetry for the People. The final project

45、 of the class is to find a way to “bring poetry into the community”. At first Barrows struggled to land on an idea. Eventually, she realized that she could fuse her love for parks and her love for poetry. A coworker gave Barrows a weathered nightstand. She thought it would be the perfect tool for he

46、r project. She filled the drawer at the top with fresh paper and pens and added a box at the bottom for poems. To get the ball rolling, she asked her close friends to add their favorite poems to the drawer for people to take away. The poetry nightstand reminded her of Little Free Libraries. That pro

47、ject features bookstands stationed across the city. People can leave and take books from little libraries. She only had a single nightstand to work with, so Barrows decided that she would leave it in a park for four days before moving it to a new location. San Franciscos Recreation and Park Departme

48、nt manages about 220 parks, and Barrows goal is to bring the poetry nightstand to all of them. Since the project started, people have added a wide range of writing. Barrows shares most of the submissions on social media. Some are clearly composed by kids, while others are more refined. People have a

49、lso written poems in various languages. “I love to see different peoples handwriting and share their personal words,” Barrows said. The instructors of Poetry for the People said the nightstand fulfilled the main purpose of the project. Other students in the class wrote poetry on sidewalks with chalk

50、. Another gave out poems disguised as parking tickets. Tanea Lunsford Lynx, a guest instructor for the class, says the project is “an invitation to slow down”. She believes that the old-fashioned nightstand stands out in a city that is filled with new technology. Barrows says she intends to “keep th

51、is going indefinitely,” and she hopes others will build off the project and contribute their own creativity. “It really is a community project,” Barrows said. “It belongs to all of us.”28. Why did Barrows put the nightstand in the park?A. To share poetry submissions.B. To follow Little Free Librarie

52、s.C. To advertise a poetry class.D. To complete a required task.29. What does the underlined word “fuse” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Combine.B. Reveal.C. Strengthen.D. Clarify.30. What do we know about Barrows project?A. It has involved 220 parks.B. It is popular on social media.C. It improves p

53、eoples handwriting.D. It makes poetry reach more people.【答案】28. D 29. A 30. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了旧金山公园管理员巴罗斯发起了一个诗歌项目，在公园里放置了一个床头柜，写着“取一首诗，留一首诗”，结果引起了很大反响，许多人参与到这个项目中来。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“At first, Barrows struggled to land on an idea. Eventually, she realized that she could fuse her love for parks

54、and her love for poetry. A coworker gave Barrows a weathered nightstand. She thought it would be the perfect tool for her project.”（一开始，巴罗斯绞尽脑汁想出了一个主意。最终，她意识到她可以把对公园的热爱和对诗歌的热爱结合起来。一位同事给了巴罗斯一个风化的床头柜。她认为这将是她项目的完美工具。）可推知，巴罗斯把床头柜放在公园里是为了完成所需的任务。故选D项。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中“In the middle of San Franciscos Go

55、lden Gate Park, Amanda Barrows carefully placed a wooden nightstand(床头柜) on the ground. She attached a sign reading, “Take a poem, leave a poem.”(在旧金山的金门公园中央，阿曼达巴罗斯小心翼翼地在地上放了一个木制的床头柜。她贴了一个牌子，上面写着:“拿一首诗，留一首诗。”)”可知，在公园里进行这个诗歌项目，结合第四段中“At first, Barrows struggled to land on an idea.”（一开始，巴罗斯绞尽脑汁想出了一个主意

56、。）以及划线单词句中“her love for parks and her love for poetry.”（对公园的热爱和对诗歌的热爱）可推知，在公园里进行这个诗歌项目，这说明她将对公园的热爱和对诗歌的热爱结合起来。故可猜测，划线单词fuse为“结合”的意思，结合选项A项Combine“结合，联合”意思一致。故选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Barrows says she intends to “keep this going indefinitely,” and she hopes others will build off the project and contri

57、bute their own creativity. “It really is a community project,” Barrows said. “It belongs to all of us.”（巴罗斯说，她打算“无限期地继续下去”，她希望其他人能在这个项目的基础上再创辉煌，贡献自己的创造力。“这真的是一个社区项目，”巴罗斯说。“它属于我们所有人。”）可推知，巴罗斯的项目使诗歌接触到更多的人。故选D项。COverly technical language in science articles doesnt just muddy the waters for non-experts

58、it can alienate readers, potentially shutting them out from scientific discussion and knowledge. Thats the conclusion of a study published in the Journal of Language and Social Psychology, and it applies to general-interest articles just as much as to scientific papers. “When we have a hard time con

59、ceptualizing information, we become really scared of it,” says lead author Hillary Shulman, a communication researcher. Scientists can create “unnecessary barriers” with words, she says. The study involved 650 members of the general public who read paragraphs on three cutting-edge topics: self-drivi

60、ng cars, robotic surgery and 3D bio-printing. The members are divided into two groups: for the experimental group, the paragraphs were loaded with jargon terms (行业术语), such as “remote ergonomic console”; for the control group, the paragraphs were written with words that are familiar to most readers,

61、 such as “separate control panel”. After reading the passages, the study participants rated their experience in a series of questionnaires. Those who read jargon-filled paragraphs were more likely to say that they had difficulty understanding the language and the information. They were also signific

62、antly more likely to say that they werent good at science, and less likely to say that they would seek out information on the topic in the future. Some of the participants who read the jargon- heavy text received links to definitions of technical terms, but that didnt reduce their frustrations or en

63、hance their feelings of understanding. Scientists can learn to cut back on their use of technical language when talking to people who are not researchers, says Ayelet Baram-Tsabari, a science-communication researcher. She co-authored a January study showing that scientists with media training can wr

64、ite articles that are just as engaging as pieces written by professional journalists. “Avoiding jargon is a fundamental part of that, but its not the whole story,” she says. To really connect with the public, she recommends that scientists tell a story thats relevant to the audience. Members of the

65、public arent the only ones who can be turned off by jargon, Shulman says. Students can be, too. “I teach a class with 400 undergrads,” she says. “When youre training people, you can introduce jargon with a little more sensitivity. Youre trying to invite them into the environment.”Of course, technica

66、l words still have an important function in science. Shulmans paper is itself heavily loaded with terms such as “metacognition” and “self-schema”. “The irony of that is not lost on me,” she says. “When it comes to scientific literature, you cant get anything published unless its full of jargon. Scie

67、ntists want to speak to other scientists in the most precise way possible.”31. In the study, participants in the experimental group probably find themselves _.A. lacking in elementary reading skillsB. uninterested in reading definitions of jargonC. incompetent to deal with complex informationD. not

68、confident about grasping new science topics32. According to Baram-Tsabari, scientists had better _.A. publicize science in a more accessible wayB. receive the training for professional journalistsC. limit jargon in communication with each otherD. conduct extensive research related to the public33. W

69、hat does Shulman think of using jargon in her paper?A. Disadvantageous.B. Shameful.C. Unavoidable.D. Tricky.【答案】31. C 32. A 33. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学文章中过于技术性的语言不仅会让非专业人士感到困惑，还会疏远读者，潜在地将他们排除在科学讨论和知识之外。这是发表在语言与社会心理学杂志上的一项研究得出的结论，它既适用于科学论文，也适用于普通文章。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Those who read jargon-filled p

70、aragraphs were more likely to say that they had difficulty understanding the language and the information.(那些阅读充满专业术语的段落的人更有可能说他们在理解语言和信息方面有困难。)”可知，在这项研究中，实验组的参与者可能发现自己没有能力处理复杂的信息。故选C。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“To really connect with the public, she recommends that scientists tell a story thats relevant t

71、o the audience.(为了真正与公众建立联系，她建议科学家们讲述一个与观众相关的故事。)”可知，根据Baram-Tsabari的说法，科学家最好以一种更容易理解的方式宣传科学。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“When it comes to scientific literature, you cant get anything published unless its full of jargon. Scientists want to speak to other scientists in the most precise way possible.”(“当

72、涉及到科学文献时，你不能发表任何东西，除非它充满了专业术语。科学家们希望以尽可能精确的方式与其他科学家交谈。”)”可推知，舒尔曼认为在她的论文中使用术语是不可避免的。故选C。第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Do you feel like you can remember things better when you actively engage with the information and create your own version of it? _34_ Thi

73、s phenomenon has important implications when it comes to understanding how people learn. Tests on the generation effect show that when users encounter a list of words presented in the form of fragments (片段), they will engage several areas of the brain to create words to fill in the blanks. _35_ Rese

74、archers believe this is because of the deeper level of cognitive (认知的) engagement involved in the process of creating new words. Teachers and instructors need to be aware of the role the generation effect can play in the classroom. Students who just receive written material they can read may not und

75、erstand it as fully as students who engage with it by taking notes, completing writing exercises, and so forth. _36_ Rather than giving students a list of correctly spelled words and asking them to memorize it, the teacher can ask students to complete worksheets where they must fill in blanks to spe

76、ll the words. _37_ If a student simply reads a textbook, he/she will not absorb the information as well as when he/she takes notes and recreates charts and other materials presented in the book. Students preparing for an examination may find it helpful to write out material from the text, rephrasing

77、 in their own words as appropriate to make sure they fully understand the material. _38_In a word, it all boils down to active learning versus passive learning. Spending a few minutes actively producing content may just be the thing you were missing in your learning routine.A. Thats called the Gener

78、ation Effect.B. For students, the generation effect can also be important.C. When they are asked to repeat the list later, their recall will be better.D. A common example of the generation effect can be seen in spelling lessons for young students.E. The simple act of writing can trigger(激发) the gene

79、ration effect and help the students perform better on examinations.F. They will find that actively using new information may create relationships between tasks in examinations.G. The process of generating content may initiate some particular encoding (编码) processes that do not happen when simply rea

80、ding.【答案】34. A 35. C 36. D 37. B 38. E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生成效应对学习的影响。【34题详解】上文“Do you feel like you can remember things better when you actively engage with the information and create your own version of it? (你是否觉得当你积极地参与信息并创造自己的版本时，你能更好地记住事情?)”提出一种现象，下文“This phenomenon has important implications

81、when it comes to understanding how people learn.(这一现象对于理解人们如何学习具有重要意义。)”说明这一现象对于理解人们如何学习具有重要意义，A项“Thats called the Generation Effect.(这就是所谓的生成效应。)”点明这一现象，承上启下，同时呼应第二段中“Tests on the generation effect show.”。故选A项。【35题详解】上文“Tests on the generation effect show that when users encounter a list of words p

82、resented in the form of fragments (片段), they will engage several areas of the brain to create words to fill in the blanks.(对生成效应的测试表明，当用户遇到以碎片形式呈现的单词列表时，他们会让大脑的几个区域参与进来，创造单词来填补空白)”提到一个用碎片形式呈现的单词列表进行的生成效应测试，C项“When they are asked to repeat the list later, their recall will be better.(当他们稍后被要求重复这个列表时，

83、他们的记得更好。)”承接上文，给出了测试的结果，句中“the list”照应上文中“a list of words presented in the form of fragments (片段)”，“create words to fill in the blanks”照应下文中“the process of creating new words”。故选C项。【36题详解】下文“Rather than giving students a list of correctly spelled words and asking them to memorize it, the teacher can

84、 ask students to complete worksheets where they must fill in blanks to spell the words.(比起给学生一张拼写正确的单词列表并要求他们记住它，老师可以让学生完成工作表，在那里他们必须填空拼写单词。)”用拼写课上的情况来证明生成效应的作用，是对D项“A common example of the generation effect can be seen in spelling lessons for young students.(生成效应的一个常见例子可以在青少年学生的拼写课上看到。)”的承接，给出具体事例，

85、上下文语意连贯。故选D项。【37题详解】下文“If a student simply reads a textbook, he/she will not absorb the information as well as when he/she takes notes and recreates charts and other materials presented in the book. Students preparing for an examination may find it helpful to write out material from the text, rephra

86、sing in their own words as appropriate to make sure they fully understand the material.(如果学生只是简单地阅读课本，与通过做笔记、重新创建图表和书中呈现的其他材料的方式比起来，他/她就不能很好地吸收信息。准备考试的学生可能会发现，从课文中写下材料，并用自己的话适当地复述，以确保他们完全理解材料，这是很有帮助的。)”通过举例说明生成效应对学生学习的重要作用，B项“For students, the generation effect can also be important.(对学生来说，生成效应也很重要。

87、)”总领全段，同时句中“also be important”表明与上一段“Teachers and instructors need to be.”的并列关系。故选B项。【38题详解】上文“Students preparing for an examination may find it helpful to write out material from the text, rephrasing in their own words as appropriate to make sure they fully understand the material.(准备考试的学生可能会发现，从课文

88、中写下材料，并用自己的话适当地复述，以确保他们完全理解材料，这是很有帮助的。)”提到学生通过写下材料来准备考试，E项“The simple act of writing can trigger (激发) the generation effect and help the students perform better on examinations.(简单的写作行为就能触发生成效应，帮助学生在考试中取得更好的成绩。)”承接上文，说明写下材料能触发生成效应，让学生取得好成绩，句中“perform better on examinations”与上文“Students preparing for

89、 an examination”相照应。故选E项。第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节 (共4小题;第39题2分，第40题2分，第41题3分，第42题5分，共 12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。THE GROWING PROBLEM OF E-WASTEThe term e-waste is short for “electronic waste”. It refers to electrical or electronic products that are thrown away when they are no longer needed. These includ

90、e computers, televisions, ovens, and basically anything else that runs on batteries or has an electrical cord.E-waste has been a problem since the 1970s because of how difficult it is to separate things like metal and plastic from various products. Also, many electronics contain toxic materials that

91、 can pollute the environment if left in landfills. Over the past few decades, the problem of e-waste has only increased along with advancements in technology.E-waste is now the fastest-growing waste stream around the world. The total amount of e-waste created every year is expected to reach 74 milli

92、on tons by the year 2030. Currently, its estimated that only about 17 percent of global e-waste is properly recycled. However, the United Nations hopes to bring that number up to 30 percent by the end of 2023.With more people using smartphones and computers every year, the problem of e-waste cannot

93、be ignored. To increase the recycling rate of e-waste items, cities should consider adding special collection boxes at grocery stores or government offices. There should also be delivery or pick-up services for e-waste items. That way, these items can be sent directly to people who are able to prope

94、rly take them apart and recover their useful components.Despite current difficulties, e-waste has great recycling potential. In addition to the items thrown away, lots of people keep old devices that arent used anymore. As a whole, they add up to a lot of metals and minerals that can, and should, be

95、 recycled. If these components are recycled to make new products, there would be less of a need to dig for more around the world.So, if you must replace your phone or computer, try returning the device to the manufacturer or dropping it off at an e-waste processing facility if there is one nearby.39

96、. What does “electronic waste” refer to?_40. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?_41. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.In order to reduce e-waste, people had better keep old devices that arent used anymore or drop them off in special collection boxes._

97、42. Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, please share your way(s) to reduce e-waste. (About 40 words)_【答案】39. Electrical or electronic products that are thrown away when they are no longer needed. 40. The causes of the problem of e-waste. 41. In order to reduce e-waste, people had better ke

98、ep old devices that arent used anymore or drop them off in special collection boxes. Because if the old devices are kept, the recyclable metals and minerals will be reduced, indirectly adding e-waste. 42. To keep our electronics well-maintained to increase their life can reduce e-waste. For example,

99、 making sure our PCs hard drive doesnt get completely full will allow it to keep running smoothly and quickly for a long time.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日益严重的电子垃圾问题，包括其定义、成因、现状、解决方法等方面。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“It refers to electrical or electronic products that are thrown away when they are no longer needed.

100、(它指的是当不再需要时被丢弃的电气或电子产品。)”可知，电子垃圾指的是当不再需要时被丢弃的电气或电子产品。故可填：Electrical or electronic products that are thrown away when they are no longer needed.【40题详解】段落大意题。根据第二段“E-waste has been a problem since the 1970s because of how difficult it is to separate things like metal and plastic from various products.

101、 Also, many electronics contain toxic materials that can pollute the environment if left in landfills. Over the past few decades, the problem of e-waste has only increased along with advancements in technology. (自20世纪70年代以来，电子垃圾一直是一个问题，因为从各种产品中分离金属和塑料等东西非常困难。此外，许多电子产品含有有毒物质，如果留在垃圾填埋场会污染环境。在过去的几十年里，电

102、子垃圾的问题只随着技术的进步而增加。)”可知，该段主要分析了电子垃圾问题产生的原因：分离金属和塑料等东西的困难、含有的有毒物质以及科技进步的影响。故可填：The causes of the problem of e-waste.【41题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In addition to the items thrown away, lots of people keep old devices that arent used anymore. As a whole, they add up to a lot of metals and minerals that can, and

103、 should, be recycled. If these components are recycled to make new products, there would be less of a need to dig for more around the world. (除了扔掉的东西，很多人还保留着不再使用的旧设备。作为一个整体，它们加起来有很多金属和矿物质可以也应该被回收利用。如果这些部件被回收利用来制造新产品，那么就不那么需要在世界各地挖掘更多。)”可推知，保留着旧设备实际上会减少可回收利用的金属和矿物质，间接增加了电子垃圾，因此keep（保留）不正确。故可填：In orde

104、r to reduce e-waste, people had better keep old devices that arent used anymore or drop them off in special collection boxes. Because if the old devices are kept, the recyclable metals and minerals will be reduced, indirectly adding e-waste.【42题详解】开放性试题。本题答案是开放性的，言之有理即可。可以通过保养好我们的电子产品以延长其寿命来减少电子垃圾。例

105、如，确保我们的电脑硬盘没有完全满可以使它在很长一段时间内保持平稳、快速的运行。故可填：To keep our electronics well-maintained to increase their life can reduce e-waste. For example, making sure our PCs hard drive doesnt get completely full will allow it to keep running smoothly and quickly for a long time.第二节 (20分)43. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你们学校近期将要

106、举办“健康美食日”活动。你的英国朋友 Jim 正在北京一所国际学校学习，请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加该活动，内容包括：1、活动简介(时间、地点、主题、内容等)；2、邀请理由。注意：1.词数100 左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：健康美食日 Healthy Food DayDear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,How is it going? Knowing you like Chinese food, Im writing to invite you to come to the Traditional Food Festival

107、 in our school. The festival will start at 9: 00 next Saturday morning. It will be held on the playground in our school.Everyone who attends the festival will make a dish to bring and share with other people. We will also introduce Chinese food cultures including how to use chopsticks.If you are to

108、take part, please prepare a dish as well. I suggest bringing traditional food from your own country. Im sure people will be glad to try!Im looking forward to your early reply.Yours, Li hua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加学校近期将要举办“健康美食日”活动。内容包括：1、活动简介(时间、地点、主题、内容等)；2、邀请理由。【详解】1.词汇积累举行，举办：

109、holdhost建议：suggest advise/recommend传统的：traditionalconventional喜欢：likebe fond of/enjoy/be interested in2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：I suggest bringing traditional food from your own country.拓展句：It is suggested that you bring traditional food from your own country.【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing you like Chinese food, Im writing to invite you to come to the Traditional Food Festival in our school.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）【高分句型2】Everyone who attends the festival will make a dish to bring and share with other people.（运用了who引导的定语从句）