北京市东城区2022届高三英语下学期一模考试试题（无听力）.doc

1、北京市东城区2022届高三英语下学期一模考试试题本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Every year, around 20,000 American teenagers age out of foster care (寄养) at 18, and have to start their lives by th

2、emselves.Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child. Although the _1_ didnt work out, Ella often found herself thinking about that child. “Im really close with my family, and just couldnt imagine being _2_ on my own at 18,” she says.Later, Ella visited

3、Children Services, with a list of questions, trying to _3_ what aging out looked like. One question was “Whats not being _4_ for these young people?”. Near the top of the list was furniture. “The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on pulled at my heartstrings,” says Ella.

4、Ella contacted her parents friends asking if they had spare furniture to _5_. And a local furniture store offered free space and delivery truck. Then she formed Chair-ity, a nonprofit providing furniture for young adults who have _6_ foster care. Watching those in need receive a bed, a tablewhatever

5、was transformational. Ella remembers Hannah, a former foster care girl who couldnt afford any furniture. When Hannah _7_ to Chair-ity, Ella asked what she needed. “Everything,” she replied. When she found her once _8_ apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relie

6、ved my pressure.”“To think what hadnt been thought about in years could bring so much happiness to somebody was _9_,” Ella says.Today, Chair-ity has given furniture to nearly 200 young adults. As word has got out, Ella has received donations from more and more people. Shes convinced these contributi

7、ons give those young people _10_ and confidence.1. A. planB. jobC. wayD. task2. A. occasionallyB. completelyC. frequentlyD. slightly3. A. explainB. understandC. expectD. recall4. A. metB. builtC. meantD. kept5. A. arrangeB. sellC. fixD. donate6. A. leftB. foundC. improvedD. thanked7. A. looked upB.

8、reached outC. held onD. gave in8. A. quietB. coldC. smallD. empty9. A. promisingB. puzzlingC. amazingD. pressing10. A. purposeB. freedomC. hopeD. guidance第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A few weeks ago, I accidentally dropped a plate and it b

9、roke into a billion pieces! Id had it for about 40 years. This morning, we had a parcel _11_ (deliver) to my son. He opened it and _12_ (proud) handed a new plate to me, which he had bought with his own savings, saying that he knew _13_ upset I was and wanted to surprise me!B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空

10、白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。On 15 May, 2021, China became the second country _14_ (land) a spacecraft on Mars. The rover, Zhurong, _15_ (carry) to Mars on board the Tianwen 1 spacecraft, which was launched in July 2020. Equipped with cameras and a radar, Zhurongs task was to search for sig

11、ns of life. It _16_ (work) on Mars surface for over ten months and is in good shape.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。COP26, known as “Conferences of the Parties”, was the latest in a series of _17_ (meeting) bringing together governments to protect the environment. Its

12、main goal was to take measures _18_ climate changelongterm changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming, industry and transport. Gases such as carbon dioxide, _19_ are produced by these activities, trap heat in Earths atmosphere and cause temperatures to ri

13、se, _20_ (lead) to extreme floods, heatwaves and storms.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to

14、 new cultural experiences. Its not just about the raceits about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.Itinerary17 May 2023 Welcome to Jizhou, Tianjin18 May 2023 Route Inspection Day19 May 2023 Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option20 May 2023 Race Day21 May 202

15、3 Explore Beijing & Evening Celebration Party22 May 2023 Farewell ChinaOn Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3

16、.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have.Rules & RegulationsFull marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at

17、least 16 years old. Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above.The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hou

18、rs will receive a FNT (Finished No Time) on the result list.If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a mara

19、thon runner who changes distances during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time.Visa Information6 8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa.For more details ple

20、ase visit us online at .21. What will participants do on Route Inspection Day?A. Enjoy the Fun Run.B. Join in a 3.5 km walk.C. Get medical insurance.D. Attend a training course.22. According to the rules, full marathon participants _.A. will receive a FNT on the result listB. can change distances on

21、 Race Day.C. should be at least 12 years oldD. will be awarded medals23. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To advertise a sport event.B. To promote a cultural tour.C. To introduce a marathon camp.D. To publicize a place of interest.BRene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. Hed hi

22、ked the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.As the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery remaining on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip hed

23、 planned.Compean climbed to a spot where he found one bar of signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. Im lost,” he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. Dressed

24、 only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night on high alert.Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo was working at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a mans legs. Th

25、e search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone might recognize the location.“Ive always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie scenes or commercials were f

26、ilmed. Hes often successful. When he saw the image, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop. “Theres an amazing amount of information you can get from satellites,” he says. The first thing he noticed in Compeans photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map,

27、Kuo realized something: “Hes got to be on the south side because therere not any green valleys on the north side.”That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was cross- referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!A

28、fter spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found.Compeans story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.24. What caused Compean to get lost on the hike?A. The thick forest.B. The unfamiliar route.C. The comi

29、ng of nightfall.D. Low battery on the phone.25. Kuo was able to offer help because of _.A. his photo reading abilityB. his sense of responsibilityC. his professional experienceD. his familiarity with the area26. What can we learn from this story?A. One good turn deserves another.B. Chance favors the

30、 prepared mind.C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.D. Theres no such thing as useless knowledge.CLast year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a mans brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speec

31、h since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces (接口), or BCIs, which allow computers to read information out of a living brain.Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds o

32、f tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals.Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry

33、 points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the detailswhat patterns of activity within the map meandiffer from person to person. In a sense, the unique features

34、of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption (加密), safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key

35、patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program t

36、o learn from.While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the perm

37、ission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.Like all technologies, brain-computer in

38、terfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain.27. What can we learn about brain maps?A. They carry un

39、ique messages.B. They can process encrypted signals.C. Their functions vary from person to person.D. Their locations reveal human thinking patterns.28. What can we infer from the passage?A. BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically.B. BCIs could help recover from brain injuries.C. Machine learning e

40、nables BCIs to read mind.D. The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs.29. What does the underlined word “surreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Secure.B. Stable.C. Standard.D. Secret.30. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The future trend of BCIs.B. The potential risks of BCIs.C.

41、 The working principle of BCIs.D. The general applications of BCIs.DJournal-based peer reviewthe process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the inspection of others who are experts in the same fieldis generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an ess

42、ential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. Reviewing a paper can delay its publication by up to a year; is that a price worth paying to ensure the trustworthiness of the published literature? Well, yes and no.Im not yet ready to abandon journal-based peer review. Id still like to see al

43、l papers pass some sort of checking stage before formal publication, but I feel the ground moving. The growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication

44、is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. Publication in journals has become more about fame and this has affected both the motivations of authors and the job of reviewers.Competition for prized spots in journals drives scientists to do some of

45、their best work. But the excessive (过多的) rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-cutting, as stories polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up. And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a

46、paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality.These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system.

47、 However, as biologist Ron Vale argued recentlyfittingly, in a preprintpreprints may be a way out because they dont involve a major shift away from the norm. That may seem an odd claim given that preprints have been in existence for twenty years, yet have not been adopted universally. This slow upta

48、ke is not only a reflection of the built-in conservatism of scientists, but also a result of the widespread misunderstanding that journals wont accept manuscripts which have been posted online as preprints. There is also a fear that publication of papers without peer review risks opening the floodga

49、tes to “junk science”something which, so far at least, has yet to occur.Preprints enable the informal scientific discussions once restricted to correspondence between individuals. They could also become an effective outlet for negative resultsa vital aspect of the scientific process often ignored by

50、 the journals excessive preoccupation (关注) with new discoveries. Furthermore, preprints significantly increase the number of times papers are read and cited by others. By taking advantage of the webs culture of openness and accessibility, preprints should help to refocus attention where it matterson

51、 the work itself, not where it is published.31. According to Paragraph 1, what is the popular opinion on peer review?A. It limits the number of research works.B. It ensures the quality of scientific papers.C. It removes public doubts about publication.D. It changes the process of scientific publishi

52、ng.32. The author may agree that scientific journals _.A. urge scientists to pursue integrity in their workB. rely on reviewers to revise faulty research papersC. choose articles for their appeal over scientific valueD. try to cut costs to maintain their position in the field33. Whats the authors op

53、inion on the growing use of preprints?A. It will contribute to junk science.BIt may end the practice of peer review.C. It promotes the spread of research findings.D. It improves the quality of scientific publication.34. This is basically a passage to _.A. make comparisonB. confirm a conceptC. encour

54、age innovationD. propose a practice第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。When youre behind the wheel, distractions (分心) cost lives. Nevertheless, drivers take selfies, and respond to text messages. _35_Smartphones are often at the root of these tragedies. As Big Tech sets it

55、s sights on modern vehicles, its appropriate to ask if its time to limit attention-stealing technology that distracts the driver.Big Tech wants to take on the automotive industry. And it is good at grabbing both attention and information from users. At first, the goal of these technology companies w

56、as to give away services at no cost, simply to attract a customer base. _36_ Their increasing thirst for valuable user information has led them to the automotive industry, where a whole new world of data awaits. Location data, frequent destinations, passenger preferencessuch data is found in family

57、cars. _37_Mobile tech is walled off from vehicle operating systems by software that keeps infotainment (information and entertainment) features away from the mission-critical driving electronics. If auto makers give up their core operating system to tech powerhouses, they will essentially become har

58、dware suppliers to Silicon Valley._38_ Their responsibility is to keep attention on the road, providing vehicle information and a small amount of entertainment options while getting passengers from place to place as safely as possible. Smartphone makers and digital-media providers dont have this pri

59、ority. They want eyes on their products, not on the road.With electric vehicles transforming the auto industry and artificial intelligence more common than ever, were at a dangerous moment. _39_ Because their hardware is wrapped around families, they have a duty to keep them safe. The only way they

60、can do that is to maintain control of the drivers seat.The quality, safety and security will make or break trust in auto makers. Without it, cars will be simply one more intrusive and risky mobile device.A. Car companies have priorities opposed to those of Big Tech.B. Now they exist to sell informat

61、ion about their users to advertisers.C. They enjoy the convenience and fun brought by modern technology.D. Car makers are, and should be, the most trusted technology companies in the world.E. Currently video-streaming services are starting to be built into car operating systems.F. And operating syst

62、ems and autonomous-driving software are all gateways for this information.G. Statistics show that an average of eight people a day die in accidents caused by distracted driving.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Its after midnight and youve been studying al

63、l day. Empty energy drinks line the table and you sigh, “Tomorrow, I m getting ice cream. I deserve to treat myself.”This year, the so-called “treat yourself culture” has expanded far beyond what was once a reward-based mindset. Now, “treating yourself” has become more about stress-caused indulgence

64、 (放纵). It represents the more deep-seated issues with the stress we regularly put ourselves under.The root of the problem lies in our belief that we should be doing more work if it isnt hard enough. Especially at a top university, I constantly find myself wanting to do more. I want more credits, a h

65、igher-grade point average, and more responsibilities Ill later use as conversation topics in interviews. This drive is by no means a bad thing. We all are trying to eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life. However, there are a lot of problems with this logic. Wit

66、hout sounding completely hopeless and pessimistic, it is possible that the future we imagine in our twenties will not become reality. Therefore, it is important to integrate things that make us happy with work, school or life induced stress.Psychology certainly supports this belief. While having goo

67、d self-control was positively associated with happiness, being able to enjoy lifes little pleasures without feeling ashamed of doing so is just as important. For example, even if you have a busy schedule of work, make time to stop by your favorite coffee shop or spend ten minutes to go on a walk out

68、doors.I cannot urge you to give up your late nights of studying, energy drinks and all. I cannot tell you to always choose to do something that makes you happy over something you have or should do. Frankly, this is just not the way life works. We have to put up with the hard work and put in the time

69、. Without pain, wed also lose happiness and joy. Its all about balance.So, instead of looking at everything as a way to handle the stress and something to “treat myself”, lets try to make treating ourselves a far more common practice in the busy lives we lead.40What causes the so-called “treat yours

70、elf culture”?41. What does “this logic” in Paragraph 3 refer to?42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying lifes little pleasures.43. Are you a follower of “treat yourself culture”? W

71、hy or why not? (In about 40 words)第二节（20分）44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。目前，市动物园正在为一只幼虎全球征名。请给你的英国笔友Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1. 介绍活动；2. 邀请参加。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua参考答案【答案】1A2. B3. B4. A5. D6. A7. A8. D9. C10. C【答案】11. delivered12proudly13. how【答案】14. to land15. was carried16. has worked【

72、答案】17. meetings18. on19. which20. leading【答案】21. B22. B23. A【答案】24. B25. A26. D【答案】27. A28. C29. D30. C【答案】31. B32. C33. C34. C【答案】35. G36. B37. F38. A39. D【答案】40. Stress.41. It refers to the idea that if we work hard we will eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable li

73、fe.42. Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying lifes little pleasures.According to the passage, working hard is as important as enjoying lifes little pleasures to a happy life. Theyre equally important.43. 言之有理即可。Yes, I am. Because I think it can help me relax after wo

74、rking for a long time. But after reading this article, I must make a change, I will make treating myself a far more common practice in my life.【44题答案】【答案】Dear Jim,How are you doing recently? Im writing to tell you some information. At present, the city zoo is seeking a name for a young tiger globall

75、y.The young tiger was born in the city zoo last month. The city zoo hopes to seek a name for it, which can not only meet the characteristics of tigers, but also represent Chinese culture. People from all over the world can participate in this activity.Since I know you are interested in animals, I sincerely invite you to join it. I wonder if you have any special thoughts about this activity. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua14