2020-2021学年新教材高中英语 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries Period 1 Starting out .doc

1、课时素养检测 十三Unit 4Period 1. 阅读理解Friendly doctors are “bad for their patients health”,researchers have warned,as a new study revealed two thirds of young doctors struggle to be truthful with patients they like. Blurring(使模糊)the lines between social and professional relationships can affect the level of

2、care offered and prevent patients from being honest about important side effects. “Doctors should avoid adding patients as friends on Facebook,they should not hug or allow patients to call them by their first names”,regulators have warned. “Those who break the boundaries will face some punishment. ”

3、It comes as a survey of 338 oncologists(肿瘤医生)under the age of 40,found 59 percent said they found it difficult to tell the truth to those patients they liked. Sixty percent of respondents said if doctors felt too close to their patients,it could prevent them from making objective decisions about a p

4、ersons care. Lesley Fallowfield of Brighton and Sussex Medical School said,“Oncology is a profession that can be enormously rewarding but is filled with many challenges. Young oncologists have to master dealing with anxious patients who are facing a life-threatening disease;conveying the true progno

5、sis(预后);discussing the complexity of modern treatments and explaining the unavailability of some drugs;the side-effects of treatment,and likely treatment aims. ”But she said,“Those doctors who have entered the profession in the age of the Internet world are more likely to fall victim to blurring the

6、 professional boundaries with patients. She said,“The difficulty,if you hug and kiss patients,if you allow them to call you by your first name,is that quickly the relationship can become confused as a social one rather than a professional one. Doctors become confused,I really like this person,how ca

7、n I bear to tell him that hes going to die?They find it more difficult to be objective. ”【语篇概述】本文为说明文。本文指出,根据一项研究的发现,打破医生同病人专业的界限有不利之处,并从对338位肿瘤医生的调查中进行论证。1. Why are friendly doctors bad for their patients health?A. They dont like to cheat patients. B. They are not good at treating patients. C. They

8、 find it not easier to be objective to the patients. D. They seldom blur the relationship with patients. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文章第四段中的if doctors felt too close to their patients,it could prevent them from making objective decisions about a persons care. 可知,如果医生和病人太亲近,会阻碍他们对病人的治疗做出客观的决定。2. What should doctor

9、s do according to the regulations?A. Add patients as friends on Facebook. B. Have close connection with patients in life. C. Always be cold to patients. D. Keep a proper distance to patients. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Doctors should avoid adding patients as friends on Facebook,they should not hug or allo

10、w patients to call them by their first names”,regulators have warned. 可推断出,医生应该和病人保持适当的距离。3. Which opinion will Lesley Fallowfield agree with?A. Oncology is a rewarding profession without challenges. B. The Internet makes it easier for young doctors to break the boundaries. C. Its not the duty of do

11、ctors to deal with patients anxiety. D. Becoming friends with patients will help them recover soon. 【解析】 选B。细节理解题。由第六段中的Those doctors who have entered the profession in the age of the Internet world are more likely to fall victim to blurring the professional boundaries with patients. 那些在互联网时代进入肿瘤职业的

12、医生更有可能成为牺牲品,使病人与专业的界限模糊。. 阅读填句Many diseases and medical conditions are caused by things out of our control. Doctors urge us to eat healthy foods,get exercise,stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. 1 And it is free and easy. Smile!When we smile,the brain wiring gets altered. The chemicals that ar

13、e released are more positive. Smiling is a first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. The main cause of heart attacks and strokes is the blockage in blood vessels(血管)2. The most common reason for these blockages is a build-up of fatty depo

14、sits on the inner walls of the arteries(大动脉). When we feel stressed or under pressure,our body releases many natural hormones(荷尔蒙)including adrenaline and cortisol. When we are stressed for a long period,these stress hormones are ever-present in our bodies. And that,medical researchers warn,may lead

15、 to health problems. 3However,they claim that when people are stressed for long periods of time,they may not make the best decisions about what to eat. They may overeat,smoke or drink too much alcohol. They may not get enough exercise or sleep. And all of these can lead to health problems. Dr. Choct

16、kalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 times an hour. To some,that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish. . . smiling for seemingly no reason. 4 It is not invasive(侵入的)like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side ef

17、fects. “Once we smile,we are relaxed. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure,improves sugar levels in the blood. 5” And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyones heart health. A. But a smile does not involve drugs. B. But there is something else we can do. C. Experts say we

18、can control and even prevent them. D. It prevents blood from flowing to the heart or the brain. E. And they are the number one cause of death around the world. F. If we are smiling,we are breaking that link between stress and health. G. Researchers say the link between stress and heart disease is st

19、ill unclear. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。介绍微笑给人的身体健康带来的好处。1. 【解析】选B。过渡句理解。由上文提到的Doctors urge us to eat healthy foods,get exercise,stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake可知,But there is something else we can do. 承接上文,引出本文的话题: 微笑。微笑就是我们能做的很多事情之一。故选B。2. 【解析】选D。上文提到The main cause of heart attacks and strokes is th

20、e blockage in blood vessels。接下来谈血管阻塞造成的影响(It prevents blood from flowing to the heart or the brain,句中的代词It指上文的the blockage in blood vessels。)故选D。3. 【解析】选G。此题要填本段的主题句。从空后的However,they claim that when people are stressed for long periods of time,they may not make the best decisions about what to eat可以

21、判断,前句的话题应该和压力与人的健康的关系有关。表明虽然压力与心脏病之间的联系尚不清楚,但是压力对健康还是有影响的,并且下文还提及了一些具体的方面。故选G。4. 【解析】选A。第四个空所在的段落谈微笑的好处。But a smile does not involve drugs. 与下面的两句It is not invasive like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side effects. 都在谈微笑所带来的好处。是三个并列的句子且下文中的三个it就是指上文的a smile。句意: 但是微笑与药物无关。它不像外科手术那

22、样具有入侵性。它是免费的,并且没有负作用。故选A。5. 【解析】选F。上文的“Once we smile,we are relaxed. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure,improves sugar levels in the blood”在讲微笑的好处,承接上文,作者仍然继续说微笑的好处,故If we are smiling,we are breaking that link between stress and health. 符合语境。故选F。阅读理解The current Ebola(埃博拉病毒)outbreak in we

23、stern and central Africa has infected at least 3,069 people,including 1,552 dead,making it the largest outbreak in history. Ebola is a deadly virusabout 60 percent of people infected with it have died. How is Ebola doing its harm?When a person becomes infected with Ebola,the virus damages the bodys

24、immune (免疫的)cells,which defend against infection,said a researcher at Lancaster University. But if a persons immune system can stand up to this attack,then he is more likely to survive the disease. The patients that survive it best are those who dont get such a bad disadvantage in immune system. But

25、 if the body isnt able to get rid of this attack,then the immune system becomes less able to regulate(调节) itself. This means the immune system is more likely to run out of control,leading to a drop in blood pressure,multi-organ failure and eventually death. What are the common symptoms of the diseas

26、e?Fever,headache,joint and muscle aches,weakness,diarrhea,vomiting,stomach pain,lack of appetite,chills,rash,redness in the eyes,hiccups,cough,sore throat,chest pain,difficult breathing or swallowing,bleeding inside and outside of the body. How to prevent the spread of Ebola?Ebola can be spread prim

27、arily via direct contact with patients,specifically the blood and fluids of an infected patient. We should avoid contact with infected patients and objects such as clothing,bedding,and needles used by them. Avoid areas where infections have been reported. For now,the disease has only been confirmed

28、in central and West Africa,four cases in America and Europe. Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat. Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals,probably through the meat of primates(灵长类). If youre in an area where the disease has been reported,avoid purchasing,eating,or handl

29、ing wild game to stay on the safe side. Wear protective medical clothing if youre around infected patients. Extreme caution is necessary. Hospital workers must use masks,gloves,goggles,and gowns,which needed to be worn at all times if youre around infected patients. How do people survive Ebola?Docto

30、rs dont know for certain who will survive Ebola,and there is no specific treatment or cure for the disease. Although in the minority,some people do recover from infection. Our suggestions include: Maintain your electrolytes(电解质) and body liquid. Sports drinks can be used. Monitor your blood pressure

31、 and control it if necessary. Dropping blood pressure may be a serious sign of infection. Breathe in an oxygen-rich environment. Quickly address any symptoms of infection. Be honest about when and where youre feeling pain. 【语篇概述】本文为说明文,向读者介绍了埃博拉病毒如何通过破坏人的免疫系统使人患病、患病的主要症状、如何阻止疾病的传播、患病后如何生存等相关的知识,文章最后

32、作者给出了几点建议。1. Ebola causes the death of a human being by _. A. attacking him with high feverB. regulating his immune systemC. damaging his immune cellsD. harming all his organs directly【解析】选C。细节理解题。从第一小标题的第一段第一句When a person becomes infected with Ebola,the virus damages the bodys immune cells,当一个人被Eb

33、ola感染时,病毒就会破坏身体的免疫细胞。2. What is NOT mentioned as the symptom of Ebola? A. Fever and chills. B. Swallowing difficulty. C. Lack of appetite. D. High blood pressure. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。从文章第二小标题下的段落中Ebola感染症状可知,不包括高血压(High blood pressure)。3. In order not to be infected by Ebola,we should _. A. have the clothi

34、ng of the infected cleanedB. avoid eating wild animals like monkeysC. not travel to Africa,America or EuropeD. stay at home without going anywhere【解析】选B。推理判断题。从文章第三小标题第二段中的Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat. Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals,probably through the

35、meat of primates可知,研究者怀疑Ebola可能会通过灵长类动物的肉传播,故要避免食用。4. It is true that _. A. a certain number of people survive EbolaB. humans have found a special cure for EbolaC. oxygen can save infected peoples livesD. low blood pressure is surely caused by Ebola【解析】选A。细节理解题。从第四小标题下段落中Although in the minority,som

36、e people do recover from infection. 可知,有一些人确实从感染中康复了。【素养培优】针对阅读理解A中的关于医患关系这一话题,写一篇60个词左右的短文,谈谈你自己的看法。 Most people are quite familiar with the old Chinese quote “悬壶济世 医者仁心”,which means that doctors will always help the patients to heal because they are kind and noble. However, doctors should keep a c

37、ertain distance from patients to give them a better treatment. I couldnt agree more. In a sense, it benefits both the patients and doctors. When the doctors cross the boundary between social and professional relationships, the level of care offered can be greatly affected, thus preventing patients from being treated in a better and proper way. It is a good thing for them to keep a certain distance from each other. As healers, the doctors can put their hearts into relieving the patients pains and make them comfortable.