2020-2021学年新教材高中英语 单元达标练4 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（含解析）新人教版必修第一册.doc

1、单元达标练.阅读理解AAn earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters.It may cause great damage.So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of pla

2、cing them on cupboards higher up.Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down.When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路)and fire breakout during an

3、earthquake.Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.During an earthquake, lie beneath (在下方) an object that is not easily damaged.Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you.Never use the elevator to go down.Stay inside until the shaking

4、stops and it is safe to go outside.Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.Use the staircases at all times.If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree，streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings.If you are driving，stop your car and stay in

5、 a safe place.Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you.Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available.Never shout for help.Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous am

6、ounts of dust.Do not light a match because you may burn yourself.Do not move about or kick up dust.本文主要介绍了地震时应采取的一些安全措施。1The purpose of the passage is to tell readers _.Athe damage caused by earthquakesBthe rescue work after earthquakesCwhat to do about earthquakes Dhow to prevent earthquakes答案：C解析：

7、推理判断题。根据第一段An earthquake. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.可知，本文的主要目的是介绍地震时应采取的一些安全措施。2The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_”Aeasily broken Beasily foundCexpensive Dheavy答案：A解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后所给的例子like those made of glass

8、及段末的pieces可知，画线词指“易碎的”，即easily broken。3.During the earthquake, people are advised to _.Ago out the building at once Bturn off power and gas immediatelyCtake shelter under a tree Ddrive to a safe place答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，地震时在室内的话，应首先关闭电源和煤气。4What should people NOT do when they are trapped in debr

9、is?ACover their mouth with a handkerchief. BTap on a pipe or wall for help.CUse a whistle for help. DLight a fire for help.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中Do not light a match because you may burn yourself.可知，地震时如被困在废墟中，不要点火求救，这可能会烧到自己。BEarthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing.Thei

10、r designers say with these robots，rescuers will be able to have more time to save lives during an earthquake.This robot looking like a helicopter, is called the detectorbot.Its about 4 meters long, and it took about 4 years to develop the model.Its main functions are to collect information from the

11、air, and send goods of up to 30 kilos to people trapped by an earthquake.This robot has a high definition 360 degree panoramic (全景的) camera.It can work day and night and will also be able to send the latest pictures from the quake area.Dr Qi Juntong said, “The most important feature of this robot is

12、 that it doesnt need a distant control.We just set the destination (目的地) information on it, and then it takes off, and lands by itself.It flies as high as 3,000 meters, and as fast as 100 kilometers per hour.”This robot has a different functionit can change as the environment changes.Its main job is

13、 to search for any sign of life in places where human rescuers are unable to go.As well as a detector (探测器) that finds victims and detects poisonous gas, a camera is placed in the 40centimeterlong robot, which can work in the dark.Another use for the rescuers is the supplybot.With its 10meterlong pi

14、pe, people who are trapped in the ruins，will be able to get supplies including oxygen and liquids.Experts have said that the robots will enter production，and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as soon as next year.本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型机器人地震救援机器人的功能和特点，目前已经通过测试，最快明年就能投入生产。5According to

15、 the passage, this robot _.Ais carried by the helicopter Bweighs about 30 kilosChasnt been put into production so far Dis a machine with a length of 10 meters答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段Experts have said that the robots will enter production，and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as soon as

16、 next year.可知，这种机器人最快明年才能投入生产，故选C项。6.Dr Qi Juntong thinks this robot is different from the others mainly because _.Ait has more functionsBit has a unique shapeCit has more advanced camerasDit can work by itself once given the information答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的The most important feature of this robot is

17、 that it doesnt need a distant control.We just set the destination(目的地)information on it，and then it takes off，and lands by itself.可知，这种机器人最显著的特点是不需要用远程遥控，一旦给它输入信息，它就可以独立工作了，故选D项。7The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 6 refers to _.Aa detector Ba cameraCa rescuer Da worker答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的.a c

18、amera is placed in the 40centimeterlong robot可知，除了发现受害者和检测有毒气体外，这种40厘米长的机器人上还装有一架照相机，这架照相机可以在黑暗中拍摄并传送照片，此处为非限制性定语从句，which指代的就是先行词a camera，故选B项。8The text is mainly about _.Aan introduction to the robot Bwhat the robot looks likeChow the robot is made Dinformation about earthquakes答案：A解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，特别

19、是根据第一段首句Earthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing.可知，本文介绍了一种新型机器人地震救援机器人的功能和特点，故选A项。.七选五HomeworkDo arithmetic problems 15 through 25.State the different forms of the verbs on page 50 of your French workbook.Read pages 12 through 20 of the Shakespeares play, and dont forg

20、et to fill in the missing chemical symbols on the worksheet.Sound like a list of your homework for the next few nightsor maybe even just for tonight？_1_ Its your teachers way of evaluating how much you understand whats going on in class.And it helps strengthen important concepts._2_ Its inviting to

21、start with the easy things to get them out of the way.However, youll have the most energy and focus when you begin，so its best to use this mental power on the subjects that are most challenging.Later, when youre more tired, you can focus on the simpler things.If you get stuck on a problem, try to fi

22、gure it out as well as you canbut dont spend too much time on it because this can mess up your homework schedule for the rest of the night._3_But dont pick someone whom youll be all night chatting with up, or youll never get it done!Most peoples attention spans arent very long, so take some breaks w

23、hile doing your homework.Sitting for too long without relaxing will make you less productive than if you stop every so often.Taking a 15minute break every hour is a good idea for most people._4_Once your homework is done, you can check it over if you have extra time.Be sure to put it away safely in

24、your backpacktheres nothing worse than having a completed assignment that you cant find the next morning or that gets ruined by a careless brother or sister._5_ Now youre free to hang out.AHomework is a major part of going to school.BLuckily, you can do a few things to do less homework.CWhen you sta

25、rt your homework, deal with the hardest tasks first.DBut if youre really concentrating, wait until its a good time to stop.EIf you need help, ask an adult for help or call or email a classmate for advice.FAnd no teacher still believes that “chewed by the dog” lieeven when its true!GIn conclusion, no

26、 one is expected to stay long, and people have very different learning styles.本文是一篇说明文，主要对如何完成家庭作业提出了几个建议：要从最难的题目开始、可适当寻求帮助、每一小时可以休息片刻、要认真检查等。1A解析：空后的It指代A选项中的Homework。故选A项。2C解析：根据下文so its best to use this mental power on the subjects that are most challenging可知，本段建议学生们先从最难的作业着手，因为一开始你最有精力，思想也最集中，故选

27、C项。3E解析：后句用到了连词But，并提到不要找一个整晚只聊天的人讨论作业。故设空处应该是说可以求助于哪些人，故选E项。4D解析：上文提到“对于大部分人来说每小时休息15分钟是个好主意”，D项“但是如果你非常专心，那么也可以等到一个合适的时间停止”承接上文，故选D项。5F解析：本段主要讲要预防其他一些意外给作业带来的破坏，由此可知F项正确。.完形填空After work one day, I grabbed a pizza for dinner at the mall.As I was heading home, I saw a girl sitting in a corner of the

28、 mall.Her hair covered her face and her body was _1_.I determined to walk past her because thats what we often do.But something made me turn _2_.I learned her age, and why she begged for money and lived on the streets.Her parents _3_ years ago and she suffered from a serious skin disease.She was _4_

29、 to work because of her disability and had to live in the safest place she could discover.She had stayed in shelters in the past, but was treated _5_.She had to seek shelter from the mall to keep warm on cold days, but even the mall she said wasnt _6_ because security(保安部门)guards always threw her ou

30、t.Im one of those people who used to believe there was a system of _7_ to help her.Ideally, I would like to believe in that.I used to think maybe one day I would _8_ “them”Maybe one day I would win the lottery.But when I _9_ that girl, I thought to myself, “What if no one ever helped her? What if th

31、is socalled _10_ system that I believed in didnt even know or _11_ her existence? What if I didnt win any money? What if she was not going to be around long enough to _12_ that one day？”I _13_ my dinner with her and gave her all the money I had.When security guards came, I talked them into assisting

32、 her _14_ driving her away like they usually did.Dont _15_ one day to come before you help someone.Now is that one daynot tomorrow, not next week.本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历，说明了这样一个道理：如果你可以做一些事情来减轻别人的苦难，要马上去做，而不要等到那遥远的某一天。1A.hot Bheavy Cweak Dwet答案：C解析：根据第3空后的and she suffered from a serious skin disease 可知她的

33、身体非常虚弱，故选C项。hot热的；heavy重的；wet潮湿的。2.A.over Bback Caway Dup答案：B解析：根据下文可知某个东西让我往回走。turn back往回走，是固定短语，故选B项。3A.returned Bremoved Cquarreled Ddied答案：D解析：根据第5空后的She had to seek shelter from the mall to keep warm on cold days可知，这个女孩居无定所，由此判断出她的父母应该是去世了，故选D项。4A.eager Bready Cunable Dcurious答案：C解析：根据空后的becau

34、se of her disability可知她不能去工作，故选C项。5A.badly Bnormally Ccarefully Dpatiently答案：A解析：根据She had to seek shelter from the mall to keep warm on cold days可推断出她在避难所被虐待，故选A项。normally正常地；carefully小心地；patiently耐心地。6A.quiet Bspecial Cparticular Dsafe答案：D解析：根据空后的because security(保安部门)guards always threw her out可知

35、商场对于她来说，也是不安全的，故选D项。quiet安静的；special特殊的；particular特别的。7A.control Bsupport Cdecoration Dcommunication答案：B解析：那些人过去常常相信会有援助系统来帮助她，我也是其中之一，故选B项。control控制；decoration装饰；communication交流。8A.respect Bwatch Chelp Dencourage答案：C解析：根据第9空后的What if no one ever helped her？可知，我过去常常认为可能有一天，我会帮助“他们”，故选C项。respect尊敬；wa

36、tch观看；encourage鼓励。9A.accepted Bintroduced Cpersuaded Dnoticed答案：D解析：此处指但是当我注意到那个女孩时。故选D项。10A.foolish Bperfect Csimple Deducational答案：B解析：许多人想象中的救助系统很完美，perfect完美的，故选B项。11A.care about Btalk about Cwrite about Dargue about答案：A解析：根据语境可知此处指这个救助系统甚至不知道或者不关心她的存在，故选A项。care about关心。12A.admit Bimagine Cchoos

37、e Dsee答案：D解析：此处指看不到那天。故选D项。admit承认；imagine想象；choose选择。13A.cooked Bshared Cordered Dprepared答案：B解析：我和她分享了我的晚餐，并且把我身上的钱都给了她。share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物，故选B项。14A.along with Bas for Cexcept for Dinstead of答案：D解析：当保安过来的时候，我说服他们要帮助她，而不是像往常一样驱赶她，故选D项。along with和一起；as for至于；except for除了以外。15A.worry about Blau

38、gh at Cwait for Dbegin with答案：C解析：根据下文Now is that one daynot tomorrow，not next week.可知，不要等到某一天到来之后你才去帮助他人，故选C项。worry about担心；laugh at嘲笑；begin with以开始。.语法填空A violent earthquake struck Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Monday 24 February, 2003，_1_ killed as many as 240 people and injured 600, _2_(le

39、ave) tens of thousands of people homeless.Luckily, the earthquake happened in the daytime after people had already left home _3_ work or school.Many people _4_(save) because they were outside.Fortunately，all the school children were taking part in _5_ ceremony in the street and many adults were work

40、ing in the fields when it struck. “My family had just finished breakfast when the house started shaking and we heard a loud noise.I _6_(immediate) pushed my grandchildren out of the door to safety before the house fell down，” said a local woman.Sadly, her neighbors were _7_(little) lucky: both paren

41、ts died while their three children were seriously injured.Fortunately, rescue workers _8_(arrive) very quickly.By Tuesday most of the injured had received medical care or had gone to hospital, and by Wednesday thousands of tents, camp beds and warm quilts had arrived and all the _9_(survivor) had so

42、mewhere to sleep.The next step was _10_(bring) drinking water supply and electricity back to normal as soon as possible.本文讲述了2003年2月24日新疆维吾尔自治区发生强烈地震的相关情况。1which解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是A violent earthquake，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。2leaving解析：考查非谓语动词。此处动词leave与其逻辑主语A violent earthquake构成逻辑上的主动关系，应使用现在分

43、词，构成现在分词短语作结果状语，故填leaving。3for解析：考查介词。此处指人们已经离开家去上班或上学了。leave sp.for“离开某地前往”，故填for。4were_saved解析：考查时态和语态。句意：很多人因为在外面而获救。根据句意及上下文语境可知，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were saved。5a解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一个典礼”，应使用不定冠词，故填a。6immediately解析：考查副词。此处修饰动词应使用副词形式，故填immediately。7less解析：考查副词比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示“她的邻居就没那么幸运了”，应使用比较级形式，故填less。

44、8arrived解析：考查时态。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时，故填arrived。9survivors解析：考查名词的数。根据空前的all可知应使用复数名词，故填survivors。10to_bring解析：考查不定式作表语。句意：下一步是使饮用水供应和电力尽快恢复正常。此处应使用不定式作表语，故填to bring。.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。In 1989, fresh out of high school, I had the difficult task of choosing a

45、 career path before college started in three months.In those days in Pakistan, there were limited choices: becoming a doctor or an engineer, or entering the financial world after getting a business degree.I wasnt interested in engineering, so that I was left with medicine or business.I couldnt decid

46、e.My uncle suggested that I do a work placement(实习) to experience it for a month in an international company followed by a month in a hospital.After that, I could make a decision.It seemed like a good idea.I was accepted for a months placement at a foreign bank in Karachi.I got a feel for how the wo

47、rld of finance functioned, made new friends, and generally enjoyed the mostly easygoing work surroundings.The month passed rapidly, and soon I began working at a leading hospital in Karachi.The experience couldnt have been more different.The hospital had a stressful environment.The days started earl

48、y (at 7 am, compared to 9 am at the bank)，and were filled with endless duties.And the night calls! This was crazy, working all day, through the night, and again the next day.I began thinking about my two experiences.The bank had offered a more relaxing atmosphere, better working hours and less stres

49、s.The hospital was full of excitement, but the studying and training was difficult.It seemed that the business choice was going to win out.Near the end of my month at the hospital, I was driving home after an especially busy night call.In front of me was a public bus, with college students sitting o

50、n the top.As the driver weaved through(穿梭) traffic, I could see the boys shaking from side to side.答案Paragraph 1：Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus. He hit the road face down and rolled over. He lay still in the middle of the road as the bus sped away. None of the cars behind stopped. Thin

51、king that he could die in a matter of minutes，I stopped my car and carefully examined the boy. With the help of some passersby, I lifted the unconscious boy into the car and raced back to the hospital.After his family was contacted, he was wheeled into emergency surgery. I drove home, exhausted but

52、happy.Paragraph 2：The next day, when I went to the hospital to see the boy，all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces. What a feeling it was to help save the life of another person! I spent the rest of the day in a state of the most fabulous mood I had ever experienced. Driving home that evening，I knew what I wanted to do for the rest of my life.My career path became crystal clear at that moment.