2020秋高中英语人教版必修5单元质量评估（一） WORD版含解析.doc

1、单元质量评估(一)时间：100分钟分数：120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题，每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。AScientists at the University of Hawaii at Manoa studied a huge area in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean known as the ClarionClipperton Zone，or CCZ to find and study new sea species.Diva Amon，a r

2、esearcher at the University says usually deep sea biologists think there is not a lot living in the deep sea.“But we found that actually there is quite a lot living there，and so that was really exciting.”she says.The group is studying the area because the CCZ，a huge and flat area of seabed，is known

3、to have valuable minerals.The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is allowing the company UK Seabed Resources Ltd to explore the area on the Pacific Ocean floor for mining.However，the ISA said the company must first complete a biological study of the area before it can begin mining for metals.So，th

4、e company employed Amon and her group.Amon says that more than half of the animals they collected were completely new to science.Her group discovered not only new species，but new genera (动植物的属) of animals.Biological oceanographer Paul Snelgrove says that finding new species in the deep ocean is comm

5、on.But，he said，finding a new genus “is really great”Amon warns that if mining happens across the whole area，the ecosystem would be largely destroyed.But，she says，we will find the least damaging way to make mining possible.“There is a sort of scientific push to try and slow things down a bit so that

6、the science can be done before.so it can be done with the least influence possible.”she says.“Its likely we are going to develop at least some parts of these deep ocean environments and do it in a way thats going to minimize (最小化) our influence，”says Paul.【语篇解读】本文是一则新闻报道。科学家在太平洋发现数量惊人的新物种。1What did

7、scientists try to find out in the CCZ?AWhether there is life.BWhether there are valuable minerals.CWhat sea life exists there.DWhat metals lie under the sea floor.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists.studied.CCZ to find and study new sea species”可知，科学家探测CCZ是为了研究这个区域的海洋生物。答案：C2What is Amons attitude towards m

8、ining the CCZ?ACareful.BDoubtful.CUnsupportive. DUninterested.解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“But，she says，we will find the least damaging way to make mining possible”可知，她对于CCZ这个区域的开采持谨慎态度。答案：A3What does the underlined word “it” in the text refer to?AMining.BA scientific push.CFinding the least damaging way.DDev

9、eloping the ocean environments.解析：词义猜测题。该段承接上一段中的“find the least damaging way to make mining possible”来继续说明在开采前需要进行科学研究，因此it在此指代mining。画线词后的“with the least influence possible”与上一段中的“the least damaging way”相互呼应。答案：ABSir John Gurdon，a British scientist，who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

10、 in 2012，said he had predicted at the time of his frog experiments that the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years，and that “maybe the same answer is appropriate” for the step to human cloning.Parents who lose children in accidents may be able to clone “copies” to replace them t

11、hen.Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moral issues，the biologist claimed people would soon overcome their concerns if the technique became medically useful. Cloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth

12、 of Louise Brown，the first “testtube baby”He said，“When my first frog experiments were done，an American reporter asked how long it would be before these things could be done in mammals or humans.I said，Well，it could be anytime between 10 years and 100 yearshow about 50 years？It turned out that it wa

13、snt far off the mark as far as Dolly was concerned.Maybe the same answer is appropriate.”Sir John added that cloning a human being effectively means making an identical twin，and doctors would therefore simply be “copying what nature has already produced”The average vote on allowing parents of deceas

14、ed children，who are no longer fertile (能生育的)，to create another by using the mothers eggs and skin cells from the first child，thinking the technique was safe and effective，is 60 percent in favour.The reasons for “no” are usually that the new children would feel they are some sort of replacements for

15、something.【语篇解读】诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约翰格登爵士称，那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术，让他们的子女得到“重生”。4According to the text，which statement is NOT true?ALouise Brown is the first “testtube baby”BHuman cloning is still a controversial topic.CSir John is positive about the future of human cloning.DHuman cloning is cre

16、ating something that didnt exist before.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“after the birth of Louise Brown，the firsttesttube baby”可排除A项；根据文章尾段可知赞成者占6成，故排除B项；根据第二段中格登爵士的话可知，他对克隆人充满了希望，故排除C项；根据第二段的尾句可知，D项表述不正确。答案：D5The underlined word “identical” probably means “_”Asame BspecialCnew Dclear解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“twin”和文中的“doc

17、tors would therefore simply becopying what nature has already produced”可知，A项正确。答案：A6It can be inferred from the passage that _Amost people cast doubt on Johns experimentsBhuman cloning is and will be only a dreamCfew children love to be cloned in the futureDhuman cloning may be realized someday解析：推理

18、判断题。根据文章第二段的第一句可知，虽然克隆人类的尝试将引起复杂的道德问题，但是生物学家声称如果克隆技术变得有医学价值，人们很快就会消除他们的担心，故选D。答案：DCDo you suppose Darwin，one of the greatest scientists of all time，really did foolish experiments？Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?Sometimes，people

19、think they already know the answer to a question or the solution to a problem.Sometimes，they really do know an answer or a solution，but without thinking they are important.Charles Darwin didnt settle for (满足于) just thinking he knew something.And he believed all things could be important however simp

20、le they seemed to be.Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape.If you drop them at the same time in the same place，they will fall in the same way.Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little ball and let it drop along with the other sheets.What happens？Y

21、ou have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldnt be worth anything.But this simple experiment is important.It explains part of our presentday understandings of physics that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton.And these understandings set_aside some of ancient G

22、reek physics.Scientists sometimes stop to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them.Even the simplest idea，which we might think is foolish，can shake the foundations of science.【语篇解读】最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，我们要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。7The passage tells us that Charles Darwin _Awas a great Engli

23、sh scientistBalways liked doing the experiments that others thought difficultCthought even the simplest thing was importantDdidnt get on well with others解析：推理判断题。短文并没有说查尔斯达尔文是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A项；由第一、二段可知，别人认为达尔文的许多实验太简单不值得做，可排除B项；文中没有论述达尔文与别人相处的事情，可排除D项。由第三段中“he believed all things could be important how

24、ever simple they seemed to be”可推出答案为C。答案：C8The underlined phrase “set aside” most probably means “_”Athrow away Bstore upCput to use Drealize解析：词义猜测题。结合文意可知，作者认为做简单实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解，这些理解推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知set aside与throw away同义。答案：A9The author of the passage tries to _Aconvince us that Ch

25、arles Darwin，Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the worldBdraw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple thingsCprove that two sheets of paper，with the same size and shape，will fall at the same speedDdraw our attention to everyday happenings around us解析：主旨大意题。短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科

26、学的根基，意在告诉我们要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。答案：D10Which of the following is TRUE?ADarwin really did foolish experiments.BAccording to some people，Darwin did foolish experiments.CIt is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.DGalileo and Newton worked out ancient G

27、reek physics.解析：细节理解题。文章第一段第二句明确告诉我们，其他人认为达尔文做了愚蠢的实验。答案：B第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Before there was the written word，there was the language of dance.Dance expresses love and hate，joy and sorrow，life and death，and everything else in between.11_We dance from Florida

28、 to Alaska，from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings，birthdays，office parties and just to fill the time.“I adore dancing，”says Lester Bridges，the owner of a dance studio in Iowa.“I cant imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is

29、 wonderful.12._Its great to watch them.For many of them，its a way of meeting people and having a social life.”13_“I can tell you about one young couple，”says Bridges.“Theyre learning to do traditional dances.They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.14._”So，do we dance in o

30、rder to make ourselves feel better，calmer，healthier？Andrea Hillier says，“Dance，like the pattern of a beating heart，is life.Even after all these years，I want to get better and better.15._ I find it hard to stop！Dancing reminds me Im alive.”ASo why do we dance?BDance in the US is everywhere.CIf you li

31、ke dancing outdoors，come to America.DMy older students say it makes them feel young.EI keep practicing even when Im extremely tired.FDancing seems to change their feeling completely.GThey stayed up all night long singing and dancing.【语篇解读】本文介绍了美国的一位舞蹈爱好者李斯特布里奇斯，他开办舞蹈班教其他人跳舞，自己也一直在跳舞的故事。11解析：根据空后的内容可

32、知，该段重点说明在美国随时随地都可以跳舞，所以B项“在美国到处都是舞蹈”适合作该段主旨句。答案：B12解析：根据空前的“Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.” 可知，布里奇斯开办各个年龄段的舞蹈班；再结合后面一句“Its great to watch them.”可知，此处说明年龄较大的学生感觉通过跳舞变得更年轻了。空后面的them和选项D中的older students相对应，故选D项。答案：D13解析：这是一个过渡句。空后的内容主要说明跳舞带来的好处，所以选A项。答案：A14解析：根据空前一句“They arrive at the class i

33、n low spirits and they leave with a smile.”可知，参加舞蹈班学习似乎完全改变了他们的心情。故选F项。答案：F15解析：根据空后一句“I find it hard to stop！”可知，前一句应该是说“即使我极为疲倦时也继续练习跳舞”，故E项符合语境。答案：E第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。As a child，Bill was untidy.It has been said that in or

34、der to _16_ this，his mum drew up _17_ clothing plans for him.On Mondays he might go to school in blue.on Thursdays in black，and so on.Weekend meal _18_ might also be planned in detail.People around Bill _19_ that he was exceptional.One of his friends recalled，“He was _20_ the kind of kid you didnt w

35、ant _21_ our team.We all knew Bill was _22_ than us.Even back then，when he was nine or ten years old，he talked like a(n) _23_ and could express himself in ways that none of us understood.”Bill was also well _24_ his classmates in mathematics and science.He needed to go to a school that _25_ him，Lake

36、side，an allboy school for _26_ students.Lakeside allowed students to go after their own _27_，to whatever extent they wished.The school _28_ itself on helping all its students to reach their _29_ potential.It was the ideal environment for someone like Bill Gates.During his time at Lakeside，Bill score

37、d a(n) _30_ eight hundred on a mathematics test.It was extremely important to him to get this gradehe had to take the _31_ more than once in order to do it.Computer time was expensive and，because Bill was anxious to get more _32_ and already had an understanding _33_ what he could achieve _34_，he de

38、cided to _35_ a company：The Lakeside Programmers Group.“Lets call the real world and try to sell something to it！”Bill announced.【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。比尔盖茨在少年时期虽然在生活上不修边幅，但却在其他方面远超同龄人。16A.balance BkeepCwatch Dcontinue解析：根据上文的“Bill was untidy”可知，比尔不修边幅，结合下文的“his mum drew up_17_clothing plans for him”及下文比尔学习

39、成绩优异可知，为了平衡着装与学习，母亲为其制订了每周的着装计划。balance“使均衡”。答案：A17A.certain BstrictCweekly Dtimely解析：根据下文的“On Mondays.on Thursdays in black，and so on”可知，此处表示每周的着装计划。weekly“每周的”。答案：C18A.dishes BconferencesCplaces Dschedules解析：根据语境可知，比尔周末的用餐时间也可能是详细计划好的。schedule“时刻表”。答案：D19A.saw BdiscussedCconfused Drecognized解析：根据下

40、文朋友的回想可知，比尔周围人的都意识到他是杰出的。recognize“意识到”。答案：D20A.ever BneverCseldom Dalways解析：他绝不是那种在团队中无足轻重的孩子。never“从不，绝不”。答案：B21A.for BonCamong Dagainst解析：参见上题解析。故选B。答案：B22A.smarter BolderCstronger Dbraver解析：根据上文的“he was exceptional”和下文的“when he was nine or ten years old，he talked like a(n)_23_and could express h

41、imself in ways that none of us understood”可知，此处指的是比尔比其他人要聪明。smart“聪明的”。答案：A23A.child BteacherCadult Dman解析：根据下文的“and could express himself in ways that none of us understood”可知，比尔说起话来像个大人，他的朋友们不能理解。adult“成年人”。答案：C24A.back off Bfar fromCahead of Dmore than解析：根据上文他比同龄人聪明可知，他在数学和科学上也领先他的同学们。ahead of“领先

42、”。答案：C25A.defeated BchallengedCentertained Dmonitored解析：根据上文内容可知，比尔是个杰出的孩子，所以需要去一所激发他能力的学校。challenge“考验(能力和技巧)，激发”。答案：B26A.exceptional BrichCordinary Dspecial解析：根据第二段的第一句“People around Bill_19_ that he was exceptional”可知，这所学校招收杰出的男学生。exceptional“杰出的”。答案：A27A.friends BvaluesCcareers Dinterests解析：根据下文

43、的“It was the ideal environment for someone like Bill Gates”可知，这所学校让孩子们追求自己的兴趣。interest“兴趣”。答案：D28A.looked BopenedCprided Dtricked解析：根据语境可知，该学校以帮助孩子充分发挥他们的潜能为骄傲。pride“以为骄傲”。答案：C29A.deep BsacredCfull Drich解析：参见上题解析。full“充分的”。答案：C30A.logical BtoughCimaginary Dperfect解析：根据下文可知，800分应是很好的得分。perfect“极好的，优秀

44、的”。答案：D31A.test BlessonCtask Dmeasure解析：根据上文可知，为了取得这样的成绩，比尔不得不参加不止一次的测试。test“测试”。答案：A32A.time BfundsChelp Dgrades解析：根据上文的“Computer time was expensive”及下文所述他开办公司的原因可知，本句是讲他迫切需要更多的上机时间。答案：A33A.to BofCfrom Dbehind解析：根据下文的“he decided to_35_a company”可知，他开办公司的第二个原因是他领悟到他在经济上会有所收益。have an understanding of

45、“理解，领悟”。答案：B34A.psychologically BfinanciallyCwisely Duniversally解析：参见上题解析。financially“经济上”。答案：B35A.pick up Btake upCsend up Dset up解析：根据语境可知，此处指比尔决定开办公司。set up“开办”。答案：D第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Dragon Headsraising Day，36._ falls each year on the second day of the se

46、cond lunar month，is one of the Chinese traditional festivals as the proverb goes：“The dragon is awake，37._(raise) his head.”On this day，dragons，a prominent totem(图腾) in Chinese culture，raise 38._(they) heads with the sound of thunder.Around this time，the earth 39._(burst) with lifegrass and trees ar

47、e beginning to shoot up.In ancient China，people 40._(pray) the dragon god beside a river or a lake for the precious spring rain to breed their crops.41_(tradition)，food eaten on this day was renamed after parts of the dragon.For instance，wontons were called “dragons eyes”The special 42._(food) usual

48、ly eaten on this day include dragons scales，popcorn and pigs heads.In Shanxi，people get their hair 43._(cut) in a symbolic move to remove the old and embrace the new.In 44._ countryside in Hebei Province，people would fetch water from a well at dawn.It was believed 45._ on this day the well was full

49、of dragon eggs which would bring the collectors a good harvest.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了中国的传统节日“龙抬头”。36解析：非限制性定语从句的先行词是Dragon Headsraising Day，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which引导从句。答案：which37解析：The dragon和raise之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。答案：raising38解析：修饰名词heads，故用形容词性物主代词。答案：their39解析：根据around this time“正在这时”可知，句子要用现在进行时态，故用is burst

50、ing。答案：is bursting40解析：根据In ancient China可知，句子用一般过去时态，也可表示“过去总是”，故用prayed或would pray。答案：prayed/would pray41解析：修饰后面的句子，故用副词形式Traditionally。答案：Traditionally42解析：根据语境可知，食物有许多，故food要用复数形式。答案：foods43解析：get sth done意为“请别人做某事”。hair和get之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式cut。答案：cut44解析：表示“在农村；在乡下”要用in the countryside。答案：the45解

51、析：分析句子成分可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的句子。从句中不缺少成分，因此要用that。答案：that第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：(1)表示感谢；(2)回顾Alex对你的帮助；(3)临别祝愿。注意：(1)词数80左右；(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_答案：Dear Alex，Ive learned that you are leaving for your own country soon.At this moment I want to expre

52、ss my sincere thanks to you for you help.Youve been helping me study English and with your help，I won the first prize in an English contest and my oral English has also improved a lot.Moreover，your encouragement made me more confident about myself.But for your help，I couldnt have made so much progre

53、ss.Words cant describe how thankful I am.Wish you a pleasant journey home.Yours，Li Hua第二节概要写作(满分25分)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman，author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids，says，“Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago w

54、hen parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a lot of praise，parents think theyre building their childrens confidence，when，in fact，it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and，when given in a way thats insincere，make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of no

55、t being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still，dont go too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and，as a result，may see no point in trying hard for th

56、eir accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise？Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome，you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“We should especiall

57、y recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，”says Donahue，author of Parenting Without Fear：Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best ba

58、sketball player on his team.But if hes out there every day and playing hard，you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard，cook dinner，or finish a book r

59、eport.But whatever it is，praise should be given on a casebycase basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it._答案：Parents believe that praising can help build childrens confidence while too much praise may result in opposite effects.(要点1)Kids may feel discouraged when not given enough praise.(要点2)According to experts，it is the quality of praise rather than quantity that matters，and parents should focus on efforts.(要点3)Praise offers recognition，but parents are expected to praise kids on a reasonable basis in accordance with kids amount of efforts.(要点4)