2020秋高二英语北师大版必修5学案：UNIT 13 SECTION Ⅲ　GRAMMAR WORD版含解析.doc

1、Section Grammar单元语法项目(一)过去分词语法图解观察At work, it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted.Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that.People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well.Professor Mayer, recognised by m

2、any as a leading expert in.They also showed a better understanding of the disabled students feelings compared to students who.Accused of stealing money, the man was brought to court.You pretend to be interested.Seen at a distance, the picture looks more beautiful.When asked why he was late, he went

3、red.发现(1)以上句子中的过去分词或过去分词短语在句中分别作：句：宾语补足语；句、句：定语；句、句：表语；句、句、句、句：状语。(2)句中hired, promoted与宾语you之间为逻辑上的被动关系/动宾关系。(3)句、句中mistaken和interested为形容词化的过去分词，表示主语所处的 (被动)状态。(4)在过去分词作状语的句子中，过去分词分别作：句： 原因状语；句： 条件状语；句： 时间状语。一、过去分词作定语(1)单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词后。例如：polluted water被污染的水death cause

4、d by accidents由意外引起的死亡a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯a glass broken by the boy被这个男孩打破的玻璃杯(2)过去分词作定语与定语从句的互换。过去分词作定语相当于一个定语从句，它是由定语从句省去主语和助动词而形成的，但它比定语从句更简洁。例如：An organized trip is a trip (which is) organized by somebody or some organizations.有组织的旅行就是由某人或某些机构组织的旅行。(3)现在分词作定语和过去分词作定语的区别。现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语修饰名词，它们的区

5、别主要表现在语态和时间关系上。在语态上不同：现在分词表“主动”，而过去分词表“被动”。例如：surprising news令人吃惊的消息surprised listeners吃惊的听众在时间关系上不同：一般来说，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作往往已经完成。例如：the changing world正在变化的世界the changed world已经改变了的世界即学即用1(1)单句语法填空He needs a qualified (qualify) doctor to help him.Everything used (use) should be marked.(2)改

6、错Is there anything planning for tonight？planning改为plannedThe exciting people rushed into the building.exciting改为excited二、过去分词作表语(1)过去分词可放在系动词be, get, remain, seem等后作表语，其用法相当于形容词。过去分词作表语时多表示主语的感受或所处的状态，其构成的复合谓语有时接近被动结构。The students are fully prepared.学生们已做好了充分的准备。At the sight of the moving scene, all

7、 the people were moved.看到这么感人的情景，所有人都感动了。 I feel excited just thinking about it.一想到它我就兴奋。The shop has remained shut for a week.这家商店已关门一周了。(2)系表结构与被动语态的区别：“系动词过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，多与at/with/in.等介词短语连用；表示一个动作时，是被动语态，常用by.短语引出动作的执行者。如果句子带有时间状语、方式状语等，多数是被动语态。My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were

8、broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)The library is closed.图书馆关门了。(系表结构)The library is often closed at 6：30 in the afternoon. 图书馆通常在下午6：30关门。(被动语态)即学即用2单句语法填空(1)The boss was satisfied (satisfy) with the workers.(2)The game was very exciting,_and all the audience became excited.(excite)(3)He grew much ir

9、ed (tire) of the work.(4)The shop on the corner has stayed closed (close) for two days.(5)We are pleased (please) to see you here.三、过去分词作宾语补足语 英语中，过去分词可以用作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或完成意义，有时候两者兼有。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。例如：She found the door broken into when she came back.她回来时发现

10、有人破门而入。 过去分词作宾语补足语常见的句式：(1)过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep，leave等后面。They kept the door locked for a long time.他们把门锁了好长一段时间。(2)“have宾语过去分词”可以表示两种含义。表示“让某人做某事”。I have had my bike repaired.我让人修了我的自行车。表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”。My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。(3)在“make宾语过去分词”结构中，过去

11、分词的动词必须表示结果。I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高了嗓门以便被别人听到。(4)过去分词常用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等后面。When we got to school, we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。(5)过去分词用在want, wish, like, order等表示“希望，愿望，命令”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。I want the suit made to his own measure.我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸

12、做。(6)过去分词用在“with宾语宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。With many brightlycolored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.楼周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。即学即用3单句语法填空(1)You should make your views known (know) to the public.(2)Tom must get his bike repaired (repair)(3)We consi

13、dered the matter settled (settle)(4)He was trying to make himself understood (understand)(5)Ten years later, he returned and found everything changed (change)四、过去分词作状语 (1)过去分词作状语时，常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步等含义，相当于一个状语从句，一般用逗号同其他成分隔开。过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子主语一致，与句子主语是被动关系。过去分词表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生，或者与谓语表示的动作或状态同时或几乎

14、同时发生。Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful.从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。(作时间状语)Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(作原因状语)Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(作条件状语)Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。

15、(作让步状语) The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。(作方式状语)He went into the office, followed by some children.他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。(作伴随状语)(2)过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语的关系。 过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致，两者之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系；如果不一致，过去分词前必须加上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。Given more time，I could have solved

16、that puzzle.多给我一点儿时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。(句子的主语I和动词give之间是被动关系)Everything done, we went home.一切事情都做完了，我们就回家了。(done的逻辑主语为everything，不是句子的主语we)(3)过去分词与现在分词完成时的被动语态having been done的区别。相同点：都可以作状语，都表示被动、完成两种关系。不同点：作状语时，having been done表示该动作发生在主句动作之前；而done则不强调这层含义；过去分词可作定语而having been done一般不作定语。 Having been told h

17、ow to do it, Tom finished the work easily.被告诉如何做之后，汤姆很轻松地完成了工作。(强调先告诉后完成)Given more time, he would be able to do better.假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。(不强调时间先后)即学即用4单句语法填空(1)Compared (compare) to what you have done, what I have done isnt worth mentioning.(2)Laughed (laugh) at by many people, he continued his rese

18、arch.(3)When asked (ask) if he had any drugs with him, he claimed he was clean.(4)Lost (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car.(5)Unless invited (invite), I wont attend the gettogether.单句语法填空1The Whites live in a house built (build) more than a century ago.2The judge made the final decision af

19、ter listening to the opinions of each party involved (involve)3It is one of the funniest things found (find) on the Internet so far this year.4Please remain seated (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.5The question was so difficult to answer, and the students looked puzzled (puzzle

20、)6John had his leg wounded (wound) when trying to save a boy from a fire.7They discussed the plan that they would like to see carried (carry) out the next year.8. Put (put) to use last month, the new machine has been solving the problems easily.9. Filled (fill) up with old furniture, the house appea

21、rs to be in a mess.10Once programmed (program) what to do, the computers show extraordinary power to do a great deal.句型转换1When the park is seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.Seen_from_the_hill,_the park looks more beautiful.2Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players we

22、re not discouraged and practised even harder.Beaten_by_the_opposite_team,_the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.3The book given to him is an English novel.The book hat/which_was_given_to_him is an English novel.4The frightened horse ran away from the fire.The horse hat/which_was

23、_frightened ran away from the fire.5The ship, which was hit by a huge piece of iceberg, came to a sudden stop.The ship, hit_by a huge piece of iceberg, came to a sudden stop.6Given a few minutes, Ill finish it.If_I_am_given a few minutes, Ill finish it.单元语法项目(二)情态动词表示推测语法图解观察I think my French tutor

24、might know one of them.They might be sheltering in a cave.They might have fallen behind.He looks upset. He must be having some problems.You cant have failed the exam.I think the old woman must be a nice person. You are wet enough. You must have got caught in the rain.He cant be home now. He just lef

25、t five minutes ago.Can he have lost his key?He cant be playing basketball. The teacher is talking to him about his homework.发现(1)must表示非常有把握的推测，意为“一定 ”；(2)may/might表示有一定可能的推测，意为“可能，大概，也许”。(3)cant/couldnt表示否定推测，意为“不可能 ”。表示推测的情态动词情态动词可用来表示推测，常见的有can/could, may/might, must, should等。一、对现在情况的推测表示对现在情况的推测

26、用“情态动词动词原形”形式，其具体用法如下：You must have the wrong number. There is no such person.你一定是搞错了号码，这里没有这么个人。Accident can happen to any drunken driver.醉酒的司机都有可能发生交通事故。Most accidents in the home could be prevented.大多数家庭意外事故都是可以避免的。John is absent. He may/might be ill.约翰没来，他可能病了。She usually gets up very early. She

27、 cant miss the bus.她通常都起得很早，不可能误了公交车。He may/might not be at home.他可能不在家。Its already ten. She promised to come by ten. She should be here at any moment.已经10点了，她答应10点来的。她随时都可能到。即学即用1单句语法填空(1)It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to America.(2)I always see this old man at the gate of our schoo

28、l. He must live nearby.(3)I havent decided where Im going for my holiday. I may go to Australia.(4)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest might become the richest.(5)Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be here at any moment.二、对过去情况的推测表示对过去情况的推测，常用“情态动词have done”形式，其具体用法如下：形式用法 意义must have done表示对过

29、去情况的肯定推测肯定做过may/might(not) have表示对已经发生的事情可能性不大的推测可能(没)做过can/could not have done表示对过去不可能发生的事情的推测一定没做过The light is on. We must have forgotten to turn it off last night.灯还亮着，我们昨晚一定是忘记关上了。I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我没有听到电话声，我一定是睡着了。John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks v

30、ery sad.约翰可能没有通过考试，他看起来很难过。She cant/couldnt have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on.她不可能上床睡觉了，因为她房间的灯还亮着。Can/Could he have passed the exam?他可能通过考试了吗？即学即用2单句语法填空(1)Since nobody gave him any help, he must have done the research on his own.(2)He cant/couldnt have gone to Shanghai for I

31、saw him a minute ago.(3)From what Tom said just now, he may/might have heard of it from Mary.三、“情态动词be doing”可以表示对现在正在发生的情况的推测The little boy might be sleeping this time of day.那个小男孩儿这个时间可能正在睡觉。He must be watching TV now.他现在一定正在看电视。四、“情态动词have done”还可表示虚拟(1)“couldhave done”表示“本来可能完成而实际未完成的动作”，常用于肯定句。

32、He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。(2)“would/wouldnthave done”表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会/不会做”。Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much.没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此好的成绩的。(3)“need/neednthave done”表示“本来需要/不需要做某事而没有做/做了”。I neednt have bought so much wine, because only five peo

33、ple came.我本来没有必要买这么多酒，因为只来了五个人。 (4)“should/shouldnthave done”表示“本来应该/不应该做某事，而实际没做/做了”。Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。(5)“may/mighthave done”表示“过去某事本可能发生而实际上却并没发生”。He may/might have given you more help, but he was very busy.他本来可以给你更多帮助的，但是他

34、很忙。即学即用3完成句子(1)We could_have_walked to the station, because it was so near.我们本来是可以走到车站去的，因为路很近。(2)If we had taken the other road, we might_have_arrived earlier.如果我们选择另一条路，我们可能会到得早一些。(3)At this moment, our teacher must_be_correcting our exam papers.这个时候，我们的老师想必正在批改我们的试卷。(4)We shouldnt_have_waited_for

35、 her because she never came.我们本不应该等她，因为她根本不会来。 (5)I would_have_helped you, but I was too busy.我本想帮你，但我太忙了。 .单句语法填空1You havent eaten anything since morning; you must be hungry.2Waiter! How soon can I get my food? I just have half an hour left before my train leaves.It should be ready in five minutes.

36、3What are you doing, John? Why stop?To be on the safe side, we should fill up the tank now for we might run out of gas on the way.4Is there any flight to New York?I think there cant be, for it is snowing so heavily.5He must have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the se

37、aside.6The accident could/might_have_been (be) caused by a dog running across the road, but we dont know for sure.7It couldnt be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.8Why are your eyes so red? You cant/couldnt have slept well last night.Yeah, I s

38、tayed up late writing a report.9What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.10Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He must_have_drunk (drink) too much at the party last night.完成句子1I neednt_have_booked in advance; there were plenty of tickets left.我本来没必要提前订票，

39、还有很多剩余的。2Who can/could_it_be at the door? Can/Could_it_be Tom?门口会是谁呢？会是汤姆吗？3He can speak English very fluently. He may_have_studied_English_abroad.他能讲非常流利的英语。他也许在国外学习过英语。4He must_have_taken the book away since it isnt here.他一定是把书拿走了，因为书已不在这里了。5It should_be the rainy season now according to the solar terms.根据节气现在应该是雨季了。6This kind of thing can_happen every now and then.这种事情是随时可能发生的。7He may/might_be_writing a letter now, but Im not sure.他有可能现在正在写信，但是我不确定。8I didnt see her at the meeting this morning; she cant/couldnt_have_spoken at the meeting.今天上午我在会议上没见到她，她不可能在会上发言。