湖南省茶陵县第三中学译林牛津版高一英语必修3课件：UNIT3 BACK TO THE PAST-主谓一致 .ppt

1、主谓一致一.主谓一致的定义主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。主谓一致的三大原则：（一）、就近原则。（二）、意义一致原则。（三）语法一致原则。二.主要考查的知识点：(1)主语为不可数名词、不定代词、表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子等时，其谓语动词的数。(2)every/each/no 修饰名词作主语，及and连接的两个有every/each/no修饰的名词作主语时，或more than one 名词以及many a 单数名词作主语时，谓语动词的数。三复习重点：(1)主谓意义一致的情况(2)主谓语法一致和就近原则的情况四.应对方法：主谓一致的考

2、查主要是根据主语部分来确定谓语动词的数，往往与时态一起考。解题时，首先认清主语部分，再判断该选用哪一个。考点（一）.就近原则：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。当作主语的两个名词或代词由or,eitheror,neithernor,not only but also，notbut连接时;在there be./here be句型和倒装句中。1.There _(be)a pen and two pencils on the desk.2.Here _(be)some envelopes for you.3.Not only his family but also he _(like）Cha

3、plins movies.isarelikes4.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be5.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.A.is B.are C.has D.was6.Either the students or the principal _ the meeting.A.attends B.attend C.are attending D.have attended7.Not th

4、e students but the teacher _ wrong.A.is B.are C.has D.was8.Between the two rows of trees _ a teaching building and two dormitores.A.standB.stands C.standingD.are9.On the wall _two large portraits of his parents.A.hangs B.hanged C.hanging D.hangBBADBD注意：together with=along with=with=as well as,but,ex

5、cept,besides,rather than,including,like,not连接并列主语时,采取就远原则.You,not I,_(be)to be praised.I,not you,_(be)to blame.1.An expert,together with some assistants,_ to help in this work.A.was sent B.were sent C.is sending D.are sendingamareA3.Nothing but cars _ in the shop.A.is sold B.are sold C.were soldD.ar

6、e going to sell4.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.have offered C.are offeredD.has offered5.To tell you the truth,I,as well as the other students,_ hungry.A.am B.is C.are D.wereAAA考点（二）.语法一致原则:主语为单数或不可数形式，则谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，则谓语动词也用复数形式。Mary _(be)a student.M

7、ary and Kelly _(be)students.(1).由and连接两个主语表示两个不同的概念，谓语动词用复数。A poet and a novelist _(have)visited our school.(2）由and连接两个主语表示同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，这时两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语用单数。1.A poet and novelist _(have)visited our school.2.The doctor and professor _(be)coming at once.isarehavehasisThe singer and dancer_(be)on the s

8、tage.is3.Butter and bread is her favorite food.成对的表同一概念的名词:bread and butter涂黄油的面包，a knife and fork刀叉(3）every单数名词+and(every)单数名词;each单数名词+and(each)单数名词;no单数名词+and(no)单数名词;作主语时，谓语动词用单数。1.Every desk and every chair _ made of wood.(be)2.Each man and woman _ the same rights.A.has B.have C.had D.is having

9、3.No chair and no desk _ permitted to be taken away from the reading room.A.are B.wereC.isD.beisAis(4）“many a+单数名词;more than one 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。1.More than one worker _ dismissed.A.have been B.are C.has been D.has2.Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.A.have realized B

10、.has realized C.have been realized D.has been realized(5).“neither of+u.n/ns；none of+u.n/ns”谓语动词一般用单数.1.None of us _(be)perfect.CBis2.None of the money _(be)mine.5.The two sisters are forced to play the piano.In fact，neither of them _ to play it.A.is like B.liked C.likes D.liking(6).Something,everyt

11、hing,anything,nothing，somebody,nobody,no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。Nobody _(be)here yesterday.Cwasis考点（三）、意义一致：主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓语动词用单数。The crowd were surrounding the government official.Maths is hard to learn.(1).表示时间，数目，距离，价格，度量衡等名词的复数作主语，并作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数。1)Four hours_(be)enough

12、 to do the experiment.2)Ten dollars_(be)too much to pay for that shirt.3)Thirty feet _(be)long enough.isisis The team _(have)some good players.The team _(be)handsome.hasare(2).集合名词class,family,team,group,government,committee 等作主语时，若强调整体，谓语用单数，若表示组成该集体的成员，谓语用复数。1.Our team_(be)very important to me.2.O

13、ur team_(be)eating lunch now.3.My family _(be)fond of music.4.The class _(have)won the first prize.5.The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.A.has argued B.has been arguing C.have argued D.have been arguing6.The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victi

14、ms.A.is B.was C.are D.has beenisarearehasDC(3).有些名词本身表示复数概念，其谓语动词用复数形式，如people,police,cattle,goods,clothes 等。The police _(be)looking for a thief at present.(4).the+adj/v-ed分词”表示一类具体的人时，谓语用复数.The sick _(have)been cured and the lost _(have)been found.(5).two thirds of,80 percent of,some(of),plenty of,

15、a lot of,most(of),the rest of,all(of),half(of),part(of),the majority of+名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词与of 后的名词或则和其替代的名词保持数的一致。1.Most of the apples _(be)rotten.2.Most of the apple _(be)eaten by a rat.arehavehavearewas3.More than 70 percent of the surface _(be)covered by water.4.The rest of the money _(belong)to you

16、.5.A lot of students _(be)waiting outside.isbelongs are(6).形复意单名词如：news;以ics结尾的学科名称如：physics,mathematics,economics;国名如：the United States;报纸名如：the New Times;书名如：Arabian Nights(天方夜谭)作主语，谓语动词要用单数。如：Maths is a useful subject.“Arabian Nights”_(be)full of interesting stories.(7).一个不定式/动名词/从句作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。

17、Serving the people _(be)my great happiness.When well go out for an outing _(have)been decided.To say it _(be)one thing,to do it _(be)another.When and where to build the new factory _(have not)been decided yet.isishasisishasnt(8).在定语从句中，谓语动词总是与先行词保持一致。两种特殊结构：“one of+复数名词+定语从句(谓动词用复数)”；“the only one o

18、f+复数名词+定语从句(谓动词用单数)”；All the students who _(be)good at English sign their names on the list.He is one of the students who _(be)clever in his class.He is the only one of the students who _(be)clever in his class.areareis(9).“a number of/numbers of+复形名词”结构应用复数动词；而“the number of+复形名词”结构应用单数动词。1.A numbe

19、r of pupils _(like)reading picture-books.2.The number of the students in our class_(be)55.4.Since then the number of people taking driving lessons _by 20%.A.has increased B.increased C.was increased D.have increased likeisA(10).a large quantity of,a large amount of+名词,谓语用单数;large quantities of,large amounts of+名词,谓语用复数.A large quantity of students _(be)coming.Large quantities of water(大量水)_(be)wasted.iswere