2020-2021学年高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars课时作业1（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

1、Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars课时作业13.阅读词汇预习Reading部分的词汇，完成下列小短文。写出画线部分的汉语意思。Li Hua is a middle school student, who likes astronomy 1._. He knows a lot about solar 2._ system. The boy wants to be an astronomer with a good knowledge of space. He knows knowledge is fundamental 3._ to his dre

2、am. Thus 4._ he is working hard to make his dream come true. He believes he will be famous all over the globe 5._.答案1天文学2.太阳的3.基本的/基础的4.因此5.地球.浏览课文，完成下列练习1The text mainly tells us the _ of the earth and the _ of life on it.2Which is the right order of the development of life?ASmall clever animalsshe

3、llfishdinosaursmammals.BShellfishdinosaurssmall clever animalsmammals.CShellfishdinosaursmammalssmall clever animals.DDinosaursshellfishmammalssmall clever animals.答案1formation; development2.C.阅读课文HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH并回答下列问题1What is the right order according to the text?Animals appeared and s

4、pread.The formation of the earth.Plants appeared.Difference between the earth and other planets.A BC D2Why was the earth different from other planets?AIt produced a lot of heat.BWater remained.CWater disappeared.DIt was the oldest planet.3What is the main cause that life was able to develop on the e

5、arth but not on other planets?AThe earth had a solid shape.BThe earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.CWater stayed on the earth but not on other planets.DThe earth was neither too hot nor too cold.4Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?AAnimals needed plants to protect

6、 them from the sun.BPlants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.CAnimals could hide from hunters in the forest.DIt was easier for plants to grow.5It can be inferred from the text that _.Aafter the “Big Bang”， what the dust was to become remained a mysteryBplants appeared after the animalsCthe plan

7、ts multiplied and filled the oceans with oxygenDplants played an important part in the appearance of the animals答案1B2.B3.C4.B5.D.根据课文HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH的内容填空The earth was just a cloud of 1._ after the “Big Bang”. The earth 2._ loudly with fire and rock. They were in 3._ to produce many thing

8、s, which were to make the earths atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve 4._ gases. Then life began to develop.The first small plants 5._ and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen. This encouraged the 6._ of early shellfish and fi

9、sh. Land animals such as insects, reptiles and dinosaurs and so on appeared after green plants appeared. Small clever animals 7._ all over the earth. They are putting too 8._ carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which 9._ heat from escaping from the earth into space. Whether life will continue on the

10、 earth for millions of years to come will 10._ on whether this problem can be solved.答案1dust2.exploded3.time4.harmful5.multiplied6development7.spread8.much9.prevents10.depend阅读理解AThe earth is the only planet that scientists think has life. Why does the earth have life while other planets dont? For o

11、ne thing, the earth has just the right temperature. As the_third_planet from the sun, the earth seems to be just the right distance away. The planets which are closer to the sun are so hot that their surfaces bake in the sun. The farthest planets are cold balls.When the earth developedwhich scientis

12、ts believe may have happened about four billion years agomany gases covered the earth. The gases caused the earth to be hot. But something wonderful happened. The temperature was just right for thick clouds to form. It rained very hard for a very long time. This gave the earth its oceans. Water made

13、 it possible for plants to grow. The plants created oxygen into the atmosphere. Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe.Only one other planet in the solar system seems to be something like the earth. That planet is Mars (火星). Mars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit cooler. Bu

14、t it is not too cold for humans. On some days, the temperatures are as low as a winter day in the northern United States. If you wore a special spacesuit, you could walk around on Mars. You would have to bring your own air to breathe, because the air on Mars is too thin to breathe.Mars has the large

15、st volcano (火山) in the solar system. It is sixteen miles high. The highest volcano on the earth is five miles high. The most unexpected sight on Mars is driedup river beds. Scientists believe that Mars was once much better than it is now. Does this mean there could have been living things on Mars? S

16、cientists are not sure, but there has been no sign so far.1Which of the following is NOT the reason that the earth has life?AThe earth has just the right temperature.BThe volcanos on the earth are lower than those on Mars.CThere is oxygen in the atmosphere of the earth.DThe earth seems to be just th

17、e right distance away from the sun.2The underlined phrase “the third planet” in the first paragraph refers to “_”Athe sun Bthe moonCthe earthDMars3Which of the following about Mars is NOT true?AThere could have been living things on Mars.BMars has the largest volcano in the solar system.CThere is al

18、most no oxygen in the air on Mars.DMars is smaller than the earth, and it is quite a bit cooler.答案与解析本文主要讲述的是地球适合人类生存的原因以及科学家发现火星与地球相似，但还没有在火星上发现生命迹象。1B细节理解题。结合文章第一、二段可知地球有生命存在的原因包括地球上合适的温度、与太阳距离适中和大气里含有氧气等。火山与此无关。故选B项。2C推理判断题。结合文章第一段的“As the third planet from the sun, the earth seems to be just the

19、 right distance away.”可知这里的the third planet指地球，故选C项。3A细节理解题。文章最后一段提到火星上有干涸的河床的迹象，但这一点并不能证实火星上存在生命，故A项不正确。BZero gravity looks cool. But what about the thing no one likes to talk about? Yes, that is right: going to the bathroom. Zero gravity makes this everyday task quite a challenge. Astronauts have

20、to be toilettrained all over again.The Apollo astronauts raised themselves off the seat of their chairs and stuck a clear plastic bag to their back sides with sticky strips. A second astronaut watched closely to be sure no waste matter escaped the seal. (You would not want that stuff floating around

21、 the cabin！) When the deed was done, the astronaut cleaned up with a piece of plastic attached to the inside of the bag, removed the bag, dropped a disinfectant (消毒剂) pill in with the waste matter, and put the whole thing, sealed, into a special container.Donald WRethke, an engineer for Hamilton Sta

22、ndard Space Systems, developed a more private way to answer natures call: the space toilet. It is somewhat like the kind of toilet one would find on commercial airplaneswith unique adaptations for zero gravity, of course. For instance, it has thigh bars that keep the astronaut from floating off the

23、seat.The astronaut (male or female) defecates (排便) in a bag and urinates (排尿) in a hose. Solid and liquid wastes are kept separated because at least 85% of the urine is recycled and, yes, after careful filtration (过滤), used for drinking and other purposes. (Water is always in demand in space.) A vac

24、uum facility sucks the waste materials into the toilet, where the waste is compacted into hamburgerlike patties for easy storage. Although not exactly like an earthbound visit to the toilet, it is at the very least much more private than in the early days of space travel.4According to the first para

25、graph, the lack of the gravity can turn something as simple as _ into a major challenge.AeatingBtaking bathsCsleepingDgoing to the restroom5How did astronauts use toilet systems in the Apollo days?ANone of the wastes were separated as they are now.BSolid wastes were compressed (压缩) and stored on boa

26、rd.CThe toilet units used water to remove the wastes through the system.DThe astronauts each used their own private restroom.6To ensure the user remains seated, the toilet was equipped with _.Aa plastic bagBa sticky stripCa wide hoseDthigh bars7What can be inferred from the fact that most of the ast

27、ronauts urine is recycled?AThe recycled water tastes better.BWater is limited on the space shuttle.CIt is very convenient to get their urine recycled.DSpace science includes recycling urine.答案与解析本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宇航员在空间站是怎样上卫生间的。4D细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Yes, that is right: going to the bathroom. Zero gravity m

28、akes this everyday task quite a challenge.”可知，在没有重力的情况下，去厕所都是一种挑战。故选D。5A推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“.put the whole thing, sealed, into a special container.”可知，当时宇航员排出的所有废物都会被密封，放在一个特殊的容器里。由此推知，那个时候大小便是不分的，而现在是分开的，小便被循环利用。故选A。6D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“.it has thigh bars that keep the astronaut from floating off the seat.”可知，厕所安装了thigh bars，故选D。7B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“.because at least 85% of the urine is recycled and, yes, after careful filtration (过滤), used for drinking and other purposes. (Water is always in demand in space.)”可知，至少85%的尿液被循环利用，经过仔细过滤之后，被用来饮用和其他用途(在太空水总是需要的)。由此推知，在航天飞机上水是有限的。故选B。