2020高考英语大二轮专题复习冲刺经典版文档（学案 训练）：语法部分 专题三 基础点课时 第1讲 名词 WORD版含解析.doc

1、第1讲名词解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词常修饰可数名词复数，也要注意修饰不可数名词的词或短语等，以用来判断其应为不可数名词还是可数名词的单复数形式，有时还要结合语境分析句子成分来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。考点感悟语法填空短文改错语法填空对名词的考查主要是名词的单复数和所有格，以及所给提示词(动词、形容词等)转换为名词的适当形式。感 1.(2018全国卷)My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a _ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.答案：scienti

2、st根据语境可知，作者是一名科学家，故填scientist “科学家”。2.(2017全国卷)She has turned down several _ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.答案：invitations“邀请”为可数名词，其前有several修饰，故应填其名词复数形式。悟1.分析句子成分如果词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“的”，则一般考查名词所有格。2.注意单复数如果为不可数名词，则没有复数形式；如果为可数名词，除根据上下文语境之外，还可通过限定词

3、信息来判断：不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式；有these，those, several, many, both，all, different, a few等词修饰时用名词复数形式；其前有one of时用名词复数形式；如作主语，要注意主谓一致。即，谓语动词为单数则填名词单数形式，谓语动词为复数则填名词复数形式。短文改错对名词的考查重点是名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性等方面的误用。感 1.(2019全国卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly . _答案：playerplayers根据前面的all可知，

4、player应用复数形式players。2.(2018全国卷)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken._答案：chickenchickensdozens of 用来修饰可数名词复数。悟 1.可数名词单复数的误用可根据限定语来判断，高考时主要集中在错把复数用作单数。2.可数名词与不可数名词的误用不可数名词没有复数形式，因此熟记不可数名词是解题关键；有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词，应注意其具体语境。3.名词的所有格有些名词常常漏掉名词所有格，

5、在表示“的”时常用名词所有格。4.名词与形容词或动词的误用应结合语境分析句子成分，由所充当的句子成分判断词性的正误。名词一般作主语、宾语、表语或定语；作表语时，与主语构成同位关系一般用名词，形容词一般是对主语的描述；在冠词、所有格或介词后一般用名词。考点素能一 名词复数变化规律1规则名词变复数的6种形式(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加s：bookbooks, mouthmouths, househouses, girlgirls(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加es：glassglasses, boxboxes, matchmatches, brushbrushes(3)以辅音

6、字母y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es：citycities, countrycountries, partyparties, factoryfactories(4)以元音字母y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加s：holidayholidays, monkeymonkeys(5)以o结尾的名词常在词尾加s：radioradios, zoozoos, pianopianos, kilokilos, photophotos；加es的有：heroheroes, NegroNegroes, tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes(6)以f, fe结尾的名词少数直接加s：roofroofs,

7、beliefbeliefs一般以f或fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加es：selfselves, lifelives, thiefthieves, wifewives, knifeknives, leafleaves, shelfshelves, wolfwolves, halfhalves2不规则名词变复数的常见形式(1)单复数同形：deer, sheep, means, series, Chinese, Swiss, aircraft, spacecraft(2)变内部元音：footfeet, toothteeth, manmen, womanwomen(3)外来名词：mediummed

8、ia 媒体， phenomenonphenomena 现象， analysisanalyses 分析二 常见的不可数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数名词的有：milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, knowledge, bread, advice, progress, orange (橙汁), equipment, meat, fun, luggage, luck, work (工作), traffic, furniture

9、, wealth, word (消息), room (空间), man (人类)等。三 名词构词法(名词后缀)1动词变名词的后缀2形容词变名词的后缀3表示“人”的后缀四 区分名词或名词所有格作定语1名词作定语往往说明其名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等cotton goods 棉织品bus driver 公交车司机Beijing University 北京大学evening suit 晚礼服weather forecast 天气预报2名词所有格作定语往往表示所属关系the students books 学生们的书过关检测(限时：30分钟).单句语法填空1Two _ (German) w

10、ere seen enter the building an hour ago.答案：Germans2Whoever chooses to be happy must help others to find _ (happy), for the welfare of each is bound up with the welfare of all.答案：happiness3The _ (soldier) heroic deed earned him a medal.答案：soldiers4We have two _ (week) vacation for Christmas.答案：weeks5

11、Without the proper treatment, minor _ (injury) or burns could lead to more suffering and even loss of lives.答案：injuries6The stores were overrun with rats and _ (mouse)答案：mice7She was at her _ (dentist) for two hours yesterday.答案：dentists8You are working too hard. Youd better keep a balance between w

12、ork and _ (relax)答案：relaxation9She had views quite different from her _ (father)答案：fathers10I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _ (recognize)答案：recognition.单句改错1Often she buys some toy for him to play with, especially on his birthday._答案：toytoys2During the next

13、 few days, we visited the worldfamous sight, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace._答案：sightsights3While I was walking on my way to school, I noticed two cleaner sweeping the street. _答案：cleanercleaners4They have probably heard some horrible stories about other kid._答案：kidkids5We were told about

14、 the enemy defeat by our forces._答案：enemyenemys6Its one of the most beautiful view that Ive ever seen in China._答案：viewviews7My favorite sport is badminton, which brings me much happy._答案：happyhappiness8I think you can make it if you follow the advices below._答案：advicesadvice9We need to take action

15、to develop a sound system that advocates good behavior and keeps all necessary requirements in minds._答案：mindsmind10Billy and I are good friends. I have some pictures of Billys. Look at this one. How sweet he is smiling._答案：BillysBilly.语法填空Homecoming is the tradition of welcoming back former student

16、s and celebrating a schools _1_ (exist) in the United States. People, towns, high schools, and colleges come together, usually in late September or early October, to welcome back alumni (校友) and former residents. It _2_ (build) around a central event, such as a banquet and, most often, a game of foo

17、tball, or, _3_ occasion, basketball, ice hockey or soccer. When celebrated by schools, the activities vary widely. However, they usually consist of a football game, activities for students and alumni, a parade _4_ (feature) the schools marching band and sports teams, and the coronation (加冕) of _5_ (

18、it) Homecoming Queen, or Homecoming King. A dance commonly follows the game on the day after the game. _6_ (attach) to a football game, Homecoming traditionally occurs on the teams return from the longest road trip of the season, the game, _7_ it is football or another sport, will typically include

19、the home team playing a _8_ (considerable) weaker opponent. The game is supposed to be _9_ easy win and thus weaker schools will sometimes play _10_ (low) division schools.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了有关美国返校节的内容。1existence考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作celebrating的宾语，应用所给词的名词形式。existence表示“存在”。2

20、is built考查动词的时态和语态。返校节以一个中心事件为基础。此处介绍的是通常的客观情况，故用一般现在时；主语It指代上文的Homecoming，它和build之间为动宾关系，此处要用被动语态。3on考查介词。on occasion “偶尔，有时”，与上文中的most often相对应。4featuring考查非谓语动词。feature作动词，意为“以为特色”，与a parade存在逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词作后置定语。5its考查代词。本题看似简单，但是要弄清楚空处指代的对象比较难，因为空前出现了the school, marching band, sports teams, th

21、e coronation。但是根据句意“然而，活动通常包括足球比赛以学校的乐队、运动队伍为特色的游行和返校节皇后或国王的加冕”可知，返校节皇后或国王应该是学校的，空处指代“学校的”，故填its。6Attached考查非谓语动词。attach与其逻辑主语Homecoming之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式作状语。7whether考查状语从句。不管是足球还是另外的运动，比赛通常包括。根据后面的or可知，此处用whether “不管(还是”)引起让步状语从句。8considerably考查词性转换。此处表示“弱得相当多的对手”，修饰形容词应用副词。9an考查冠词。win作名词表示“(在比赛、竞赛中

22、的)胜利”时，通常为可数名词，且easy的首字母读音以元音音素开头，故填an。10lower考查形容词比较级。根据句意以及上文中的“weaker schools”可知，此处应使用比较级。.短文改错In order to save the planet or raise public awareness of environmental issues, a “Used Book Donation Campaign” will carried out in our school next month. Any used book we no longer need it can be donate

23、d. All the collected book will be donated to some children who lived in poor mountainous areas of West China. Im sure this campaign will have a great effect on everyone involving. On the one hand, we can play a important part in recycling resources for the protection of the environment. On the other

24、 hand, some children will benefit from those used books great. Thats why its difficult for them to have access from books.答案：In order to save the planet raise public awareness of environmental issues, a “Used Book Donation Campaign” will carried out in our school next month. Any used book we no long

25、er need can be donated. All the collected will be donated to some children who in poor mountainous areas of West China. Im sure this campaign will have a great effect on everyone . On the one hand, we can play important part in recycling resources for the protection of the environment. On the other hand, some children will benefit from those used books . Thats its difficult for them to have access books.