2020-2021学年高中英语 课时分层作业7 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Section Ⅰ（含解析）新人教版选修8.doc

1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions课时分层作业(七)Section 高考题型练习提能力.阅读理解AHave you dreamed of building your own machine? Do you wish you could invent something new? Here we look at a few British inventions of recent times.Adaptable GlassesDo you wear glasses? If so，can you imagine life without them? In 1985，Jo

2、shua Silver，a professor at Oxford University，asked himself，“Can I invent a pair of glasses that could be changed by the wearer？” He designed two plastic lenses(透镜) that are filled with a special liquid.The liquid can be changed between the lenses until you can see clearly.The glasses are not beautif

3、ul but they are easy to use and cheap to make.The Windup RadioWhen you switch your TV on tonight，think about all those people without electricity.Thinking about this，Trevor Baylis came up with the idea of designing a radio that could be powered by hand.In common with Joshua Silver he wanted his inve

4、ntion to be cheap and easy to use.The radio has a generator (发电机) which is powered by turning a handle.In 1996 it won a BBC Design Award for Best Protect and Best Design.The Dyson CleanerIn many homes around the world you can see a cleaner that looks like a spaceship.This is the Dyson vacuum (真空) cl

5、eaner which uses something called “cyclonic separation” to separate the dirt.You do not need a bag for your cleaner and it does not get blocked so it is very practical.The idea came to Sir James Dyson after he kept having problems with his vacuum cleaner.He decided he could design a better one and i

6、n 1993 he opened his own factory.The Dyson is now one of the bestselling cleaners in the UK and Dyson is believed to have earned over a billion pounds.The Zapata FlyboardEver dreamed of rising through the water and jumping high in the air like a dolphin? Now you can try a flyboard，built by water spo

7、rts fan Frank Zapata.With it you can dive back in the water and out again.Its possible to jump to unbelievable heights out of the waterover 30 feet.The basic flyboard model comes in at 4，200.So keep dreaming and inventing.One day you might get it right.【语篇解读】这里是一些英国当代的发明。文章主要介绍了四种发明创造。1Who invented

8、Adaptable Glasses?AJoshua Silver.BTrevor Baylis.CJames Dyson. DFrank Zapata.A细节理解题。根据第二段提到“In 1985，Joshua Silver，a professor at Oxford University，asked himself”可知是Joshua Silver发明的，故选A项。2Which invention won an award?AAdaptable Glasses. BThe Windup Radio.CThe Dyson Cleaner. DThe Zapata Flyboard.B细节理解题

9、。根据第三段的“In 1996 it won a BBC Design Award for Best Protect and Best Design.”可知，The Windup Radio获过奖。故选B。3Who might be interested in the invention of the Dyson Cleaner?AThose who need radios.BThose who have eye problems.CThose who are fond of diving.DThose who want to use cleaners more easily.D细节理解题。根

10、据第四段提到“In many homes around the world you can see a cleaner that looks like a spaceship.This is the Dyson vacuum (真空) cleaner which uses something called cyclonic separation to separate the dirt.You do not need a bag for your cleaner and it does not get blocked so it is very practical.”在许多家庭会看到清洁器，这

11、是真空的清洁器，不用携带袋子很方便实用，故选D项。4What might be the best title for the passage?AKind Inventors BCheap InventionsCCreative Minds DFuture DreamsC推理判断题。你是否梦想过制造属于自己的机器？你想发明一些新东西吗？这里是英国一些当代的发明。文章主要介绍了四种发明创造，故选C项。BAs the name implies，“green technology” is the one that has a “green” purpose.The “green” here does

12、not mean the color.However，it means the long and short term influence an invention has on the environment.Green inventions are environmentally friendly inventions that often involve energy efficiency，recycling，safety and health concerns，renewable resources，and more.One of the best known examples of

13、green technology would be the solar cell.A solar cell directly changes the energy in light into electrical energy through the process of photovoltaics(光伏发电)Producing electricity from solar energy means less consumption of fossil fuels，reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.Another simple in

14、vention that can be considered green is the reusable water bottle.Drinking lots of water is healthy.Reducing plastic waste is great for the environment.Therefore，popular reusable water bottles are healthpromoting，ecofriendly，and green. The world has a fixed amount of natural resources，some of which

15、are already used up or ruined.For example，household batteries and electronics often contain dangerous chemicals that can pollute the groundwater after disposal，polluting our soil and water with chemicals that cannot be removed from the drinking water supply and the food crops grown on polluted soil.

16、The risks to human health are great.Inventors should know that green inventions and clean technologies are good business.These are fast growing markets with growing profits.Consumers should know that buying green inventions can reduce their energy bill and that green inventions are often safer and h

17、ealthier products.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了绿色环保发明创造的益处。5The first paragraph is mainly developed by Amaking a comparison Bgiving an exampleCgiving an explanation Dfollowing time order C推理判断题。第一段主要介绍了什么是绿色发明，主要通过下定义及解释的手法组织第一段。6The advantages of producing electricity from solar energy may NOT include Afossil fuel

18、s are less usedBless greenhouse gas is given outCpollution is decreasedDit can meet the needs of the whole country D细节理解题。根据第二段“Producing electricity from solar energy means less consumption of fossil fuels，reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.”可知太阳能发电可以减少对化石燃料的消耗，减少污染和温室气体的排放。7The second

19、 paragraph suggests that Adrinking plenty of water is good for your health Bthe plastic bottle is a pollutant for the environment Cthe reusable water bottles are green in colorDthe reusable water bottles can refill themselvesB细节理解题。根据第二段“Reducing plastic waste is great for the environment.”可知减少塑料废物对

20、环境是好的，由此可知装水的塑料瓶对环境是一种污染。8The purpose of the last two paragraphs is to Acall on people to prefer green productsBteach people how to protect environmentCshow the advantages of producing green productsDlist some green inventions for consumersA推理判断题。最后两段分别给出了发明者发明绿色产品和消费者消费绿色产品的理由，所以目的是号召人们选择绿色产品。.阅读七选

21、五Most cars have seat belts as part of their equipment.The products protect drivers and passengers in case of accidents.They also reduce the effect of a crash on the body. 1 Worldwide，the devices have protected up to a million people.America first recognized the invention of an automobile seat belt i

22、n 1849.The government gave a patent to an engineer named Edward Claghorn of New York City so that others would not copy his invention of a safety device. 2 This early version of the safety belt was said to include hooks and other attachments for securing the person to a fixed object.Other inventors

23、followed with different versions of the seat belt. 3 It resulted from the work of a Swedish engineer，Nils Bohlin.His threepoint，lap and shoulder seat belt first appeared on cars in Europe 50 years ago.Nils Bohlin recognized that both the upper and lower body needed to be held securely in place.His i

24、nvention contained a cloth strap (带子)that was placed across the chest and another strap across his hips. 4 Volvo(沃尔沃) was the first company to offer the modern seat belt to its cars.This company also provided use of Nils Bohlins design to other carmakers. 5 He received a gold medal from the Royal Sw

25、edish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1995.He died in Sweden in 2002.AThe Swedish engineer won many honors for his seat belt.BClaghorn was a promising young engineer with many honors all his life.CThe design joined the straps next to the hip.DThere are many companies adopting Nils Bohlins inventi

26、on of the belt.ESafety experts say that seat belts save thousands of lives a year in America alone.FBut more than 100 years passed before the current seat belt was developed.GClaghorn called his invention a safety belt.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了安全带的作用、发明经过及发展历史。1E第一段主要谈安全带的作用。由设空处下句“Worldwide，the devices ha

27、ve protected up to a million people.”可知，在全世界范围安全带挽救了一百多万人的生命，所以设空处也应该是说安全带的作用。故选E项：Safety experts say that seat belts save thousands of lives a year in America alone.单在美国安全带就能挽救成千上万的人的生命。结构上Worldwide与America相对应。2G第二段主要介绍了Edward Claghorn发明安全带的经过。设空处上句说政府已向Edward Claghorn颁发了专利，所以接下来设空处应该是说明发明者对这一发明的命名

28、情况。故选G。3F由设空处上句“Other inventors followed with different versions of the seat belt.”可知，其他的发明者也有不同版本的安全带，接着应该说明现代安全带形式的确定情况。故选F，意为“但是过了100多年，现代安全带的模样才被确定下来。”4C设空处上句“His invention contained a cloth strap(带子)that was placed across the chest and another strap across his hips.”是在讲述现代安全带的样式，只有C项“The design

29、 joined the straps next to the hip.”与语境相符。5A由设空处下句“He received a gold medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1995.”可知，本文最后一段应该是在谈发明者的荣誉获得情况。故选A项。.语法填空In much of Asia，especially the socalled “rice bowl”cultures of China，Japan，Korea，1._ Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chops

30、ticks.Chopsticks are usually two long，thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic，animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 2._(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and met

31、al 3._(create) special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots，4._(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.Over time，as the population 5._ (grow)，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small piece

32、s could be eaten easily with twigs which 6._(gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，7._ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the 8._(develop) of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9._(be) too violent for

33、 use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat 10._ their hands.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。筷子通常是两根细长的木头或竹子。它们也能用塑料、动物的骨头或者金属制成。有时，筷子很有艺术性。除了筷子的选材，文章也对筷子的由来以及发展做了介绍，大家快来读一读吧。1and考查并列连词。句意：在中国、日本、韩国和越南的文化里，人们通常用筷子吃饭。2be made考查被动语态。筷子用金、银做成，此处用被动语态。b

34、e made of用制成。3to create考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此处表示combineand的目的，故用不定式作目的状语。4using考查非谓语动词之现在分词。people与use之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作方式状语。5grew考查时态。句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增加(当人口增加时)，为了使食物熟得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意可知，此处谓语动词应用过去式。6gradually考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。空格处修饰turned into，故用副词。gradual的副词形式是gradually。7who考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词Confucius(孔子)，且从句中缺少主语，故用who引导。8development考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格处位于定冠词the后，由of chopsticks修饰，故空格处须填名词。develop的名词形式是development。9were考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，believed后接宾语从句，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语。主句用了一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态；又因主语是knives，故填were。10with考查介词。eat with their hands用手抓饭吃。with表示“用”。