2021届高考英语一轮复习 基础语法精讲及真题练习 专题02 冠词（含解析）.docx

1、专题02 冠词 (一)不定冠词表示类指或某类中的“任何一个”。A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词；或由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于a certain；或专有名词前加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某个不确定的时间。I have a question to ask you.In a sense what you said is true.All of a sudden, she burst into tears.

2、Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。Suddenly they heard a loud voice.表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。Prices start at 13.95 a yard for printed cotton.用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体化。表示“一种的人或事”He suddenly appeared on a rainy night, which was a great

3、 surprise to us.不定冠词用于序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。Live a good, honorable life.Then when you get older and think back, youll get to enjoy it a second time.(二)定冠词表示特指的人或物，或者双方都知道的或心中都明确的人或物，或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物。Take your time its just a short distance from here to the restaurant.用在世界上独一无二的事物前。The earth goes around the

4、sun.用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。Is this the first time that you have visited Qingdao？用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。The explosion saw people rush to help the injured.用在世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。Its said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.用于演奏的乐器名称前She was born in 1974 and ha

5、s played the piano since the age of six.用于一些普通名词构成的专有名词前the United States, the Great Wall, the Times用于某些地理名称前。例如：江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、沙漠the Yellow River, the Read Sea, the Sahara(三)零冠词专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。He is living in Canada now.季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。We usually have breakfast at 7 o

6、clock.语言、学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。Im interested in English.表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，其前通常不用冠词。Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge.”系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。His brother has turned writer.“(零冠词)单数名词/形容词最高级as/though(主语谓语)”，意为“尽管但是”

7、。Hero as/though he is, he has some shortcomings.以下专有名词前不加冠词街道名Nanjing RoadWangfujing Street广场名Times SquareTiananmen Square公园名Beihai ParkHyde Park车站、机场、桥梁名Kennedy AirportGolden Gate Bridge大学名Henan UniversityYale University杂志名Time New Scientist节日名National DayMay Day冠词的固定搭配(一)不定冠词用于固定搭配中an average of平均

8、for a while一会儿as a result因此 as a rule 通常as a whole总体上 as a matter of fact 事实上at a loss不知所措 in a hurry匆忙in a word总之 in a sense在某种意义上in a way在某种程度上 in a short while不久keep an eye on照看，留意 pay a visit to 拜访put an end to结束 once in a while偶尔once upon a time从前 all of a sudden突然be on a diet节食 have a gift for

9、有天赋have/catch a cold感冒 make a living谋生 have/take a rest休息 give sb.a lift让某人搭便车(二)定冠词用于固定搭配中in the middle of 在中间in the end 最后by the way顺便说一下 in the distance在远处in the way挡道 on the whole总的来说at the same time同时 on the other hand另一方面to tell the truth说实话 for the time being暂时on the spot在现场 on the top floor在

10、顶层the other day前几天 take the place of代替at the moment此刻，目前 in the countryside在乡村make the most/best of 充分利用one .the other . 一个，另一个(三)零冠词用于固定搭配中at present目前take part in参加in peace平静 by chance/accident碰巧on purpose故意 on second thoughts再一想ahead of time提前 in advance提前by law根据法律 by mistake错误地under repair处于维修中

11、 lose heart灰心out of control失控 out of work失业in danger处于危险之中 at risk处境危险；遭受危险day and night 整日整夜from morning till night 从早到晚.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.2(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road, laying th

12、e track and then building a strong roof over _ top.3(2017全国卷)Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as _ model in New York.4(201711月浙江高考)Its not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, its _ ongoing process.5(20176月浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return was _ wonder.6(

13、2015全国卷)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers.7(2015广东高考)He owned _ farm, which looked almost abandoned.8(2014全国卷)Now, years later, this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmenta

14、l cleanup.9(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly, Im facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _ top of her lungs.10(2017全国卷)When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.As _ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.11(2016全国

15、卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, _ other is with mum she never suspects.12(2016全国卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.13(2014广东高考)She apologized for the mistake

16、and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor.1. 解析：the此处特指过去的25年，故用the past 25 years。2. 解析：thetop是名词，前面要用冠词，此处特指在(地铁的)顶部建造一个结实的顶，所以填定冠词the。3. 解析：a此处意为“作为纽约的一名模特”，在单数可数名词model前应该使用不定冠词，表示“一，一名”，且model的读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。4. 解析：an此处表示积累词汇是一个持续的过程，因为单词ongoing的读音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。5. 解析：awonder为可数名词，表示“奇迹，奇事”，此处

17、为泛指，且wonder的读音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。6. 解析：the在形容词最高级的前面用定冠词the。7. 解析：a此处指一个农场，表示泛指，且farm的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a8. 解析：the此空后为形容词的最高级形式，故应填定冠词the。9. 解析：theat the top of ones lungs为固定搭配，意为“尽量大声地，声嘶力竭地”。10. 解析：aas a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”.11. 解析：theone .the other为固定搭配，意为“一个另一个”。此处表示双胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者之间的“另一个”应该使用the other。

18、12. 解析：afor a while为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”。13.解析：theon the top floor为固定搭配，意为“在顶层”。.单句改错1(2018全国卷)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me._2(2017全国卷)I still remember how hard first day was.3(2017全国卷)They live far from the school, an

19、d it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.4(2016全国卷)But in that case, we will learn little about world._5(2016四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen._6(2015全国卷)He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop . A woman saw him crying and to

20、ld him to wait outside a shop._7(2014全国卷)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings._8(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.9(2016全国卷)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by

21、 myself._10(2015浙江高考)On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning._11(2014全国卷)As result, the plants are growing everywhere._12(2014辽宁高考)Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day._1. 解析：theakid在此处表泛指，且kid的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠

22、词a。 2. 解析：first前加the/my表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用形容词性物主代词my进行修饰。3. 解析：第一个aan/onehour的读音以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以用an/one hour表示“一个小时”。4. 解析：world前加the此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。5. 解析：kitchen前加the此处特指“我们家”的厨房。6. 解析：outside后的athe此处用定冠词特指上文提到的商店。7. 解析：去掉第一个the此处为泛指，不表示特指，故去掉the。8. 解析：countryside前加thego to the countryside是固定用法，意为“去乡下”。9. 解析：去掉theat first“起初”，为固定短语。10. 解析：hurry前加ain a hurry“匆匆忙忙”，为固定短语。11. 解析：As后加aas a result“结果”，为固定短语。12. 解析：第一个aanan average of .“平均有”，为固定短语。