2021-2022学年高中英语 寒假作业（5）Unit 5 Revealing nature（含解析）外研版选择性必修第一册 (2).doc

1、寒假作业第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhat is Starcom Smart DualBand? Allow us to introduce ourselves. We are Starcom Smart DualBand, the network that is getting bigger and better every day with unbeatable services and the brightest smile! This brochure c

2、ontains everything you need to know about Starcom Smart DualBand. With Starcom Smart DualBand, your mobile phone will have better reception. Depending on your location, Starcom Smart DualBand smartly chooses the strongest signal. Best of all, it comes at no extra cost for all Starcom customers. Star

3、coms Global Roaming network allows you to be connected in all parts of the world. Its of great use, especially when you often travel abroad whether you are on business or holiday. In your first year with us, you will enjoy a 30% discount on your monthly subscription. This will go up to 35% in your s

4、econd year. From your third year onwards, you will get 45% off your monthly subscription! Whenever you use your phone, you earn Starcom stars. These stars can be exchanged for great rewards, from phones to holidays.Starcom Price Plan Monthly Subscription: $50.00 Rate (per minute) :30 cents First 12

5、seconds free for all local calls received. Wait no longer. Come and be a part of the Starcom family today!* To enjoy the benefits of the Starcom Smart DualBand network, you need to have a DualBand.1. What benefit can people get from Starcom Smart DualBand?A. Reconnecting with long-lost friends. B. L

6、ocating their missing phone. C. Finding a suitable place for traveling. D. Connecting their phone to a quality signal. 2. How much should a new member of Starcom pay yearly in normal circumstances?A. $180. B. $330. C. $390. D. $420. 3. Whats the purpose of this passage?A. To inform people of a mobil

7、e network. B. To introduce the advantages of Starcom. C. To explain the rapid development of Starcom. D. To show how to apply for membership of Starcom. B According to a recent study, a new genetically modified(转基因的) rice can prevent infection of HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS. The

8、study reports the newly-developed rice produces proteins that attach directly to the HIV virus. This process prevents the virus from mixing with human cells. The scientists say it can remove the effect of the virus and block its spreading. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS reports that

9、worldwide, nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017. The organization says the largest number of those are in developing countries. Nearly two-thirds of HIV cases are in Africa. Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the pro

10、gression of the disease. The new study predicts the rice-based method will lead to long-term use of the anti-HIV treatment across the developing world. Researchers said the groundbreaking discovery is realistically the only way that anti-HIV combination treatments can be produced at a cost low enoug

11、h for the developing world. They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin. The HIV-fighting proteins can then enter the body through the skin. People all over the world could grow the rice and make the cream themselves. This wo

12、uld prevent the cost and travel required for many patients to receive treatments and medicine.The process of changing the genetic structure of food crops has been debated for some time. Critics (批评家) of genetically engineered crops believe they can harm people. The scientific team says further testi

13、ng is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people.1. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?A. Introduce HIV to the public. B. Provide some data about HIV. C. Remind readers of HIV prevention. D. Stress t

14、he urgency of HIV treatments. 2. In which way will the rice be used at the lowest cost?A. By transforming it into proteins. B. By adding it to an oral drug. C. By processing it into a cream. D. By attaching it to the HIV virus. 3. What can we infer about the genetic engineering process?A. It still r

15、equires perfecting. B. It can produce dangerous chemicals. C. It can prevent infection of HIV. D. It applies to the developing world. 4. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine. C. A social web page. D. A first aid brochure. C Easy to make and cheap to buy,

16、instant noodles have long been Chinas ultimate convenience food. Since it was a snack for students, a meal on the train, or just the go-to choice for hungry workers, more than 46. 2 billion packets were sold in China in 2013. But it seems this industry has gone off the boil. By 2016 those sales had

17、declined to 38. 5 billion, according to the World Instant Noodle Association, a drop of almost 17% . This phenomenon shows an unnoticeable while continuous change in Chinas consumption (消费) patterns, said Zhao Ping of the Academy of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade. He told the

18、 China Daily, Consumers are more interested in life quality than just filling their bellies these days. About 730 million people in China now have access to the Internet according to government figures. And about 95% of those are using smart phones to connect. And apps that offer food delivery to yo

19、ur home, office or wherever you happen to be are a real fast developing industry. Their menus are undoubtedly more expensive than a pot of instant noodles. But these meals can still be inexpensive, and arguably more tasty, depending on your favour. But put in the global background, China is still ea

20、sily the biggest market for instant noodles. In fact, Chinas consumption was roughly equal to Indonesia, Japan, Vietnam, India, the US, South Korea and the Philippinescombined. And that means global noodle manufacturers are unlikely to turn away from the Chinese market. Japans instant noodle busines

21、s Nissin Foods, for example, is planning to land on the stock market, in Hong Kong, by which operation it hopes to raise about 145 million dollars. It is rare for a Japanese firm to list in Hong Kong, but Nissin is talking up its prospects in China, where it is already the fifth biggest brand. Some

22、consumers stopped consuming instant noodles, but most consumers want to increase the quality (of food they consume), chief executive Kiyotaka Ando told CNBC last week. We can supply high-quality products so we have more possibility to develop our business.1. The phrase go off the boil in Paragraph 2

23、 is close in meaning to _. A. stop boilingB. turn downC. develop rapidlyD. get out of control2. According to the text, it is because of _ that people have more food choices. A. the development of food manufacturing industryB. the fall of price in foods beyond instant noodlesC. the technological deve

24、lopment on communicationD. the peoples doubt on instant noodles food safety3. We can infer from the text that _. A. China consumes more instant noodle than any other country does. B. China is beginning to lose its first place in instant noodle business. C. Nissin is the fifth biggest brand of Japans

25、 instant noodle business. D. Nissin is planning to build an instant noodle factory in Hong Kong. 4. We can infer from the text that _. A. Chinas instant noodle consumption will continue to dropB. Chinese people will favour cheaper instant noodles to save moneyC. instant noodles will have a pessimist

26、ic prospect in the futureD. instant noodle manufacturers will focus more on its food qualityD Over 22 million dead animals that have never been seen by the public before were on display last week in London, Britain. The selection is one of the biggest and the best in the world and the Natural Histor

27、y Museum hopes that it will help people understand nature better. People were able to examine the animals, which range from tiny insects that lived millions of years ago to the bones of dinosaurs and butterflies in amazing detail. The scientific specimens(标本) are all either stored in alcohol(酒精) or

28、made in a fossil(化石) form and have been given to the new Darwin Centre by scientists and researchers over the last hundred years. The centre, named after the world-famous scientist Charles Darwin, will be open free to the public. It is part of the much larger Natural History Museum, which attracts o

29、ver 2 million visitors a year. The new museum has actual specimens caught by Darwin, including a parrotfish and pipe-fish he caught while on his journey around the world. There are also lots of other specimens caught by famous explorers that lived over 150 years ago, which include a tusk(长牙) from an

30、 African elephant given by famous British scientist David Livingstone. People can view specimens dose up, watch videos of scientists at work, look at information on computers, and look up through the seven-storey storage hall to sense the huge scale of whats inside. They are also able to take guided

31、 tours and join live events with scientists.1. By visiting the museum, one can _. A. enrich his knowledge of the universeB. have a better understanding of the worldC. get to know the animal world betterD. see all kinds of dead animals2. The dead animals on display _. A. were mainly caught by Charles

32、 DarwinB. are specimens presented by scientists and researchersC. have mostly been unseen by the public beforeD. are the best selection in the world so far3. If you go to visit Darwin Centre, you _. A. wont be chargedB. will be allowed to touch the exhibitsC. will have to buy a ticketD. will check i

33、nformation on a computer first4. What would be the best title for the text?A. Natural History MuseumB. A new Darwin CentreC. History of the animalsD. Time you can touch第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy.

34、When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. _ One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories._ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been un

35、clear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. _ Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right._ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a

36、period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new informationour brains

37、may have smaller room for new experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size._ You keep what matters, Tononi says.A.We should also try

38、to sleep well the night before.B.Its as if the brain is preserving its most important matters.C.Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E.Thats why students do better in tests if they get a c

39、hance to sleep after learning.F.Sleep is the price we pay for learning, says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G.Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 2

40、009 a group of parents in an English town started sharing worries about their childrens money management skills. Shopping was done online; the children 1 saw their parents handing cash. They were2 online, too. Money had become intangible(无形的). How, then, were children to learn its3 ? The answer they

41、 came up with was GoHenry, an app now available in Britain. It is designed to help young people learn good4 habits through real-world money management. Parents signed up with their own bank account and paid a monthly5 of $ 2. 99 for each child aged six or over. Adults and children6 separate versions

42、. At the end of last year, 379,000 children had active accounts. Parents can schedule pocket money and7 tasks. When those tasks are marked as done, the child is paid some money back as a reward. Parents can see what their child has8 and where. And children choose where to use the card. Children get

43、debit cards(借记卡) with their names. They can9 their spending and set savings targets. They can decide to 10 for someones birthday or set a goal at 12 to have $ 2,000 to buy a car at age 18. The app tells them how much to save each week to meet their 11 . Some GoHenry customers are rich parents who 12

44、 that their children will grow up financially careless. Others regard the app as an investment in their childs future. Some say that they have been 13 and want their children to avoid that mistake when they grow up; others say that the app is cost-effective because their children 14 to how to use mo

45、ney. Even though young people no longer touch and hold 15 , they can still be taught to handle it well.1. A. seldomB. regularlyC. suddenlyD. only2. A. playingB. writingC. spendingD. talking3. A. booksB. materialC. historyD. value4. A. physicalB. financialC. socialD. cultural5. A. feeB. fineC. bonusD

46、. salary6. A. overuseB. createC. downloadD. show7. A. useB. setC. enjoyD. change8. A. boughtB. readC. eatenD. worn9. A. useB. continueC. increaseD. view10. A. completeB. returnC. saveD. wait11. A. moneyB. ruleC. goalD. deadline12. A. worryB. proveC. acceptD. delight13. A. in serviceB. in debtC. in c

47、ontrolD. in danger14. A. forgetB. dreamC. learnD. admit15. A. timeB. moneyC. powerD. knowledge第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。People mountain, people sea is how Chinese describe a place _(crowd) with people. But as more and more people shop online and plenty of plastic bags a

48、nd paper boxes are cast off, garbage mountain, garbage sea _ (come) to mind. With the countrys e-commerce (电商) _ (increase) rapidly,its online selling and related delivery services are producing_ huge mountain of waste that adds to the countrys environmental problems. Last year, with a total of 20.

49、67 billion delivery parcels, the industry _ (leave) behind 11 billion plastic bags, 9.9 billion cardboard boxes and 17 billion meters of wrapping tape. Most of the plastic bags were piled up, buried or burned with other household trash,_ created a heavy burden of environmental pollution. China will

50、face larger pollution _ (press) from the growing delivery services._ is estimated (估算) that by 2020, annual parcels to be handled will have reached 50 billion. However, few delivery service providers have begun to use recyclable plastic and paper packaging materials. Its necessary to improve the rec

51、ycling system and promote _ (environmental) friendly packaging materials. Its time _ (take) measures to make sure the plastic packing bags can be dealt with properly.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分） 假设你是李华，你校爱鸟社(Bird Club)将于下周六举行社团活动，作为爱鸟社社长，你将邀请外教Smith来参加活动。请用英语给他写封邮件，内容包括： 1.简要介绍爱鸟社； 2.活动的时间和地点； 3.活动内容

52、。注意: 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Mr. Smith,_Yours,Li Hua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的故事,续写词数应为150左右。 A friend of mine whose name was John Smith had a bad memory, which made him famous. He was so forgetful that he sometimes forgot what he was talking about in the middle of a sente

53、nce. His wife had to constantly remind him about his meetings, his classeseven his meals! Once he forgot he had eaten breakfast twice, at home and at school. His wife liked to remind her neighbours, If John didnt have his head tied on, he would forget that too! Since Smith was a professor at a well-

54、known university, his forgetfulness was often an embarrassment to him. It wasnt that he was not clever, as some critical people tended to say, but just very, very absent-minded. One hot summer day, Prof. Smith decided to take his children to a seaside town about three-hour train ride away. To make t

55、he trip more interesting for his young children, he kept the name of the town a secret. However, by the time they arrived at the station, Smith forgot the name of the town he was planning to visit. Luckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station. He offered to take care of the children while

56、Smith hurried back home to find out where he was going. The professors wife was surprised to see him again so soon. Oh, my dear, I forgot the name of the town. What? You forgot the name? Maybe one day you will forget my name! Now Ill write the name of that town on a piece of paper, and you put it in

57、 your pocket and please, please dont forget where you put it. Satisfied that she had solved the problem, she sent her husband off again. Ten minutes later she was astonished to see him outside the house for the third time.Paragraph 1:What is the matter now? asked his wife. _Paragraph 2:Hearing the c

58、ry, out rushed their neighbours, trying to find out what had happened. _答案以及解析第一部分阅读理解第一节A答案：1-3.DDA解析：1.细节理解题。根据What is Starcom Smart DualBand?部分第二段中的With Starcom Smart DualBand, your mobile phone will have better reception. Depending on your location, Starcom Smart DualBand smartly chooses the str

59、ongest signal.可知,Starcom Smart DualBand可以帮助人们将手机连接到优质的信号。故选D项。2.细节理解题。根据题干中的a new memberyearly和What is Starcom Smart DualBand?部分第三段中的In your first year with us, you will enjoy a 30% discount on your monthly subscription.及Starcom Price Plan部分中的Monthly Subscription:$50.00可知,新用户第一年可享受7折优惠,即每月需付50 0.7=3

60、5(美元),因此一年的费用是3512=420(美元)。故选D项。3.写作意图题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了手机网络服务系统Starcom Smart DualBand的相关内容,故A项最能概括本文的写作意图。B答案：1-4.DCAB解析：1.推理判断题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知,本段对艾滋病的严峻现状进行了解释和说明,由此可推知,本段意在强调解决这个世界性的难题刻不容缓,故选D项。2.细节理解题。根据第五段第一句They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a

61、 cream to be put on the skin.可知,最简单且最有成本效益的方式就是把大米制作成膏状体,故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句The process of changing the genetic structure of food crops has been debated for some time.以及对本段的整体理解可推知,基因工程过程有待改善和提高,故选A项。4.推理判断题。根据第一段开篇点题并结合对全文的整体理解可知,本文主要介绍了一种可以应对HIV病毒的转基因大米,与健康有关,由此可推知,本文很有可能选自健康杂志,故选B项。C答案：1-4.BCA

62、D解析：1.词义猜测题。由画线词后的By 2016 those sales had declined to 38.5 billion, according to the World Instant Noodle Association, a drop of almost 17%.可猜测出这句话的意思是看起来这个产业在减少,所以go off the boil的意思是减少,故B项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推断出,因为在交流方面技术的发展,所以人们有了更多的食物选择。3.细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知,中国消费的速食面比其他任何国家要多。4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的.but mos

63、t consumers want to increase the quality.和最后一段内容可推断出,速食面产业将会更加关注产品的质量。D答案：1-4.CBAD解析：语篇解读:这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了伦敦自然历史博物馆的一次展出,2200多万已死亡的动物面世。1.解析:细节认定题。根据第一段中The selection is one of the biggest and the best in the world and the Natural History Museum hopes that it will help people understand nature better.的

64、关键信息understand nature better可知本题C项正确。2.解析:第三段中的信息.given to the new Darwin Centre by scientists and researchers over the last hundred years表明本题应选B项。3.解析:细节认定题。根据第四段的信息The centre, named after the world-famous scientist Charles Darwin, will be open free to the public.可知,A项正确。4.解析:标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了来自地球

65、上各个时期的动物的展览,让地球的历史变得触手可及,故本题选D项。第二节答案：CEFGB解析：本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了睡眠的重要性。根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.可知,如果不让实验老鼠睡觉,它们一个月之内就死了。同样,人几天不睡觉,也会生病。人和动物匹配,死和生病形成对比,故选C。根据前一句提到的睡眠有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆,与E项(所以如果学生在学习新知识后有机会睡一觉,他们在考试中就会表现得更好)前后逻辑关系顺畅,因果联系紧密,故选E。根据下文中的he可知此处要提到一个他的理论,

66、故选F根据下文中提到的synapses in the mice可知,他肯定在老鼠的身上做了实验,故选G。根据后一句提到的You keep what matters(你记住重要的东西)可知,大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来,故选B。第二部分语言知识运用第一节答案：1-5.ACDBA; 6-10.CBADC; 11-15.CABCB解析：1.根据上文的Shopping was done online可知,由于网上购物,孩子们现在很少看到父母拿现金。seldom意为很少,不常,符合语境。regularly意为定期地;suddenly意为突然;only意为仅仅。2.根据空后的online,too可知,孩子

67、们也在网上消费。too为关键词。spend意为花费,符合语境。3.根据上文的Money had become intangible.可知,由于网上购物,金钱成了无形的,因此此处指孩子们如何能了解到金钱的价值,与上文的worries about their childrens money management skills相对应。value意为价值,符合语境。4.根据空后的through real-world money management可知,这个应用软件是帮助孩子们通过现实世界的理财来学习良好的理财习惯。financial意为金融的,财务的,与money相对应,符合语境。5.根据空后的$2

68、.99 for each child aged six or over可知,此处指家长用自己的银行账户注册,为6岁或以上的孩子每月支付2.99美元的费用。fee意为费用,符合语境。fine意为罚款;bonus意为奖金;salary意为薪金。6.根据上文的GoHenry, an app now available in Britain可知,GoHenry是一款应用软件,大人和儿童分别下载不同的版本。download意为下载,符合语境。overuse意为过度使用;create意为创造;show意为展示。7.根据下文的When those tasks are marked可知,父母在软件上给孩子们设

69、置任务。set意为设置,符合语境。8.根据空前的what their child has可知,此处是说父母可以看到孩子们买了什么东西。9.根据空后的their spending and set savings targets可知,孩子们可以在软件上查看自己的支出并设定储蓄目标。view在此处意为查看,符合语境。10.根据set savings targets和for someones birthday可知,此处是指为某人的生日存钱。save意为储蓄,存钱,符合语境。11.根据上文的set a goal可知,该软件会告诉他们,为了达到目标,每周应该存多少钱。goal意为目标,符合语境。12.根据

70、空后的their children will grow up financially careless可知,此处是在表达富有的父母对自己孩子的担忧。worry 意为担忧,符合语境。13.根据空后的want their children to avoid that mistake when they grow up可知,有些父母希望自己的孩子长大后不要像自己一样负债累累。in debt意为负债,与本文话题money密切相关,符合语境。in service意为服务中;in control意为控制;in danger意为在危险中。14.结合全文可知这款软件的目的是让孩子们学会理财。此处与第一段中的H

71、ow, then, were children to learn its 3?相呼应。15.结合上下文可知该软件是让孩子们学会使用钱,即使年轻人不再接触和持有金钱,他们仍然可以被教导如何处理好它。money为本文的关键信息词。第二节答案：crowded; comes; increasing ; a; left; which; pressure; It; environmentally ; to take解析：随着电商的迅猛发展,快递垃圾随之产生,对环境造成了压力。电商应使用环保材料、不要过度包装,快递企业可以尝试建立回收体系,消费者也要从自身做起。be crowded with.是习惯搭配,意

72、为挤满了,这里用的是其过去分词短语做后置定语,修饰place。主语是garbage mountain, garbage sea,谓语动词用单数形式。With the countrys e-commerce increasing rapidly是with+复合宾语结构,宾语the countrys e-commerce与宾语补足语increase之间是主动关系,故用increase的现在分词形式。a mountain of意为大量、大堆。last year是具体的过去时间做状语,谓语动词用一般过去时。此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个主句内容,关系词在从旬中做主语。空格

73、中所填单词在句中做face的宾语,需用press的名词形式。It在句中做形式主语,真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。空格中这个词修饰形容词friendly,需用environmental的副词形式。environmentally friendly是习惯表达,意思是环保的,环境友好型的。 Its time to do sth.表示是做某事的时候了。第三部分写作第一节答案：Dear Mr. Smith, I am writing on behalf of our Bird Club to invite you to come to the Student Activity Center fo

74、r an activity from 2 pm to 5 pm next Saturday. Set up in 1995, our club has been organizing various activities. We have conducted the survey of the types of birds in Chongqing. Operas were performed to raise peoples awareness of bird protection, thus winning great popularity in and outside our schoo

75、l. Next Saturday, well have a lecture to be given by an American bird expert, which will be followed by a good discussion, and share the experience in bird protection in your native country. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua第二节答案：Paragraph 1: What is the matter now? asked his wife. I just c

76、ant remember why I come back and where I am supposed to be going on such a hot summer day, replied the professor. However, the real reason was that he forgot where he had left his children. Sensing something wrong, Mrs. Smith didnt believe his words, because whenever he told a lie, he would blink hi

77、s eyes quickly. Tell me the truth, ordered his wife. As you told me, I didnt forget where I put the name of that town, but I forget the station where left our children! whispered the professor, his voice trembling. What a bad memory! shouted the wife.Paragraph 2: Hearing the cry, out rushed their ne

78、ighbours, trying to find out what had happened. A fight between the couple was about to start when the professors cell phone began to: ring. His friend, whose patience had worn thin, phoned to complain. The professor apologised, got into his car and drove away, leaving behind a bunch of people outside the house. Being afraid that he would make matters worse again. Mrs. Smith decided to follow him, who then called a taxi. By the time she caught up with her husband, the children were already back home safe and sound.