《2014备考》高三英语题型板块解题方法与思路精讲 专题二---单项填空.doc

1、专题二-单项填空一、概述：做单项选择是要通读题干，不放过半点信息，尤其要注意暗示时间的词语和句中暗示句子结构的标点。做题时首用直接法，然后用排除法和比较法。所谓直接法，就是在读题时大脑即刻想到的并一眼能够在选项中看到的答案。这种方法既准确又快。所谓排除法，就是把比较明显的认错误选项排除掉。然后把学过的知识与老师的讲解结合起来，再用上平时做题是的经验和教训，比较余项间的差异，最后得出正确选项。二、应试策略：单项填空一般从以下五个方面来考查学生的实际水平：（1）、基础语法知识；（2）、语言的运用能力；（3）、词组的搭配和习惯用法；（4）、对词义的正确理解；（5）、日常交际。a. 遇到含有插入成分的

2、句子-抓主干，排除多余信息。b. 含有连词和标点符号的句子-划分出主句与分句之轻重。c. 遇到含非谓语动词的句子-把握好逻辑主语与句子主语的一致性关系。d. 遇到特殊句型-要善于进行句型转换特别注意以下策略：1）理解句意 整体把握2）注意语境，捕捉句中的隐含信息3）分析句子结构，明确句子成分 4）注意句式结构的变化5）注意相似句型之间的差别6）排除思维定势的干扰7）注意日常交际用语的掌握8）注意英语单词和词组的辨析9）注意熟词新意现象答题时考生要正确地审题，在理解语境意义和分析句子结构的前提下，认真分析题干和选项，找准突破口，然后灵活地运用所掌握的知识，借助一些行之有效的解题策略选出最佳答案。

3、1）消肿法：消肿法是指将题干部分的干扰成分删除掉，从而使臃肿的句子简单化，使试题的测试目标更为明确。例如：（1）Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010湖南)A. who B. where C. when D. which (2)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she

4、would stay for an hour. (2010江西)A. where B. who C. which D. what2）增元法增元法又名“补全法”，是指将题干中隐含的部分或省略的成分补全，在各种成分齐全的完整结构中进行分析，比较选项直至选出答案的方法。例如：Though _ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. (2010全国) A. surprise B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised3）还原法还原法是指在解答那些题干为疑问句、倒装句、强调句等打乱了语序的题时

5、，可以将其还原为正常语序再作选择的方法。例如：It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. (2010安徽) A. where B. that C. when D. which4）找准“题眼”法所谓“题眼”，是指试题考查的重点或主旨所在。找准了“题眼”就是找到了解题的关键和突破口，从而为理清解题思路奠定了坚实的基础。例如：1. I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my pro

6、gress as she is now. (2010全国I )A. so B. very C. too D. rather2. Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010福建) A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow 5）结构理顺法结构理顺法是指对于那些结构复杂、语序颠倒或打乱的句子，解题时可先理顺其结构，以便能更迅速准确地选出答案的方法。例如：1. On my

7、 desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby. (2010四川)A. him B. his C. me D. mine2. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. (2010浙江)A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing6）配平法单项填空题因设空而挖出了句子的某些部分，

8、从而使题干句子的成分残缺不全。我们可以通过分析句子所缺的成分，从所给的选项中选出能补全句子的选项。该方法尤其适用于疑问词的选择、从句的连接词的选用以及动词的搭配等。例如：1. _ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. (2010北京) A. WhetherB. What C. That D. How2. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You sh

9、ould have a more active life. (2010江苏)A. where B. how C. when D. what7）标点符号分析法标点虽小，但在有些试题中却是关键信息点。例如：The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, _ the students to return to their classrooms. (2010江苏)A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to ha

10、ve enabled 2、干扰项设计干扰设计一：利用思维定势利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让学生上当的。因为学生熟记了许多语法规则和固定搭配，做题时往往只注意这些熟悉的语法规则和局部固定搭配，在没有完全弄清楚整个题干意思时就做出了选择，结果当然出错。1. Which do you enjoy _ your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?A. spendingB. to spend C. having spent D. to have spent 不定式短语to spend your spare

11、 time 作目的状语。2. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? Yes, _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. knowB. knowing C. to knowD. known就是在作题的过程中要善于利用and， but等并列连词。若前面是个句子，后面也是个句子，反之亦然；若连接的是几个动词，这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式。此题第二个and后面是个句子，所以前面也必定是一个句子，但是前面这个句子没有主语，只

12、能选用动词原形，构成一个祈使句，因此答案是A。干扰设计二：利用汉英差异英汉在表达习惯、思维方式等方面有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议、参加考试、参加解放军等；而英语中则因不同的宾语而用不同的动词，如：take part in the celebration; attend a meeting; join the army; take an exam; join in a discussion。1. Mr. Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up. A. seriouslyB. heavily

13、C. badlyD. hardly2. What made Tommy so upset?_ the game. It shocked him so much.A. For losingB. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 干扰设计三：利用题干惯性此类题多以对话形式出现，学生答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构来判断选项，结果造成错选。1.You havent been to Beijing, have you?_. How I wish to go there!A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I havent C. No, I haveD.

14、 No, I havent2. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. _.A. I dontB. I wont C. I cant D. I havent 干扰设计四：利用相似词或短语把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰项，使基础知识掌握不牢的学生难于区分。The films made by Disney _ all over the world.A. are used to show B. are used to showing C. used to be shown D. used to show干扰设计五：巧设语言环境在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went downB. will go down C. has gone downD. was going down