《》浙江省2017年高考英语复习专项解题指导阅读理解之怎样读文：这样突破生僻词汇 WORD版.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家w阅读理解之怎样读文：这样突破生僻词汇无关紧要“跳过去”，不能跳的“猜过去”阅读理解涉及词汇、句子、段落、语篇四个层次的理解问题，而其中最根本的是词汇。词汇是构成语言的基本元素，如果一个人掌握的词汇量不够，在阅读过程中处处都是生词，则会处处碰壁，就难以顺利地读懂文章。因此，积累足够的词汇是提高阅读技能的第一步。一般来说，在阅读文章时，总会碰到一些自己不认识的词。高考文章中允许出现3%的超纲词。考试大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推测生词的词义”，因此词义猜测题也是考试题型之一。正确处理阅读中遇到的生词，掌握一定的猜测生词词义的技巧，对于理解文章及答题都非常重要。对于生

2、词一般有如下两种处理方式：一、无关紧要的词汇“跳过去”在阅读时，并不是所有的生词都是出题点。在阅读中，当遇到一个生词时，不妨先问自己一个问题：这些生词有没有进行精确猜测的必要。高考试题中经常会出现没必要去精确猜测的生词，不知道它的具体含义也不会影响对基本句意的理解。在考试中，有百分之十的生词都不会干扰你做题。所以，平时考生要练习对生词的容忍度和处理生词的技巧，否则，临场时你会因焦虑而影响做题速度和准度。对这类词，不要过多纠缠，尽管放心大胆地“跳过去”。如果你遇到了在一起出现的几个首字母大写的单词，如Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University，那么它是个专有名词

3、。在这里你不需要知道Sergio, Pellis或Lethbridge是什么意思，只需要知道它是某个大学的名称就行了。遇到这样的专有名词，你可以把它们当成一个整体来读，只需要粗略地了解它们表示的是机构名、地名，还是某个团体的名称即可。如果是斜体的单词，那么它可能是某本书、杂志、电影的名称或某个专业术语，你也不用了解它们的意思，只需要知道它们代表什么事物即可。二、影响阅读的词汇“猜出来”有时候，未知的生词对阅读来说存在很大的障碍，对上下文的理解至关重要，我们必须知道这些词的具体含义。那么，如何排除这些障碍呢？此时，就需要掌握一些方法和技巧，推理和猜测单词的技法大致有以下几种：技法一：根据上下文线

4、索猜测词义1重述 作者为了使某一难词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的单词或短语对其进行解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号与句子的其他部分隔开(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)或用信号词引导。常见的信号词有：or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way等。示例(2015天津高考阅读C) In the library, I found my way into the “Childrens Room”. I sat down on the floo

5、r and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle,_the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. 分析：根据逗号后面的重述部分“the first and only animal companion”可以猜出beagle为“一种动物”。2定义作者常常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者

6、理解词义，尤其在一些科普类、社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中，定义解释作者所用词的准确含义。下定义时，作者通常使用信号词，如i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer to, known as等。示例(2015北京高考阅读C) Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. 分析：通过本句中的“the same way light passes through a window”的定义解释可知，transp

7、arent应意为“透明的”。3举例作者常常会通过对某一难词给出具体的例子来帮助读者理解该词的词义。举例常用的信号词有：such as, such .as, for example, for instance, like, including, especially等。示例(2016全国卷阅读D) Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left

8、 them merely sad. 分析：根据下文的举例“like anger or anxiety”可推知，negative的意思应是“消极的”。4.同义词或近义词在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。示例(2015湖南高考阅读B) This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building

9、owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small woodframe buildings could be lifted fairly easily. 63The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph

10、4 means “_”AchangeBliftCrepair Ddecorate 分析：根据下文“Small woodframe buildings could be lifted fairly easily.”中的lifted可知，hoist与lift同义，故正确答案为B项。5反义词有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词常见的有：(whether) .or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, nevertheless, instead, rather than,

11、 in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand等。示例(2015福建高考阅读E) If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class thatll keep your workout on track.73The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means “_”Acheer

12、ful BaverageCserious Dtemporary分析：根据语境，upbeat应与上文中的“tired of”意义相反，故正确答案为A项。技法二：根据语法知识猜测词义在英语句子中，同位语或同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句、with复合结构、独立主格结构等都起着解释说明、补充或限定的作用，因此也能提供猜测词义的线索。示例(2015江苏高考阅读D)Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid

13、 empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,_one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.65What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?ACountries where their people need help.BPowerful states with higher civilization. CSplendid empires where p

14、eople enjoy freedom.DGovernments ruled with absolute power. 分析：根据后面的同位语“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”不难得知选项D与其意义一致，即“专政，暴君统治”。技法三：根据上下文逻辑猜测词义有时单词所在的上下文中没有明显的解释说明性线索，这时可根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推理，以确定某一单词或短语的意义。示例(2016全国卷阅读C)There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions

15、. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a_pipe_dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.10What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?AA practical idea. BA vain hope

16、.CA brilliant plan. DA selfish desire.分析：根据连接词so可知上下文之间存在着因果关系，故我们需要从上文中寻找答案。由上文中的“One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it .”可知，尽管Orleans Reinette是很好的品种，但是对各项条件的要求很高，因此大多数喜欢它的人种植它的希望会落空。故选择B项。技法四：根据构词法猜测词义英语中的许多词汇，特别是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的。因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。示例(2016全国卷阅读D)A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,_or worry.分析：根据构词法知识我们可知，un为否定前缀， ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。版权所有：高考资源网()- 5 - 版权所有高考资源网