2022年高考英语人教版一轮复习课件：语法专题突破 专题一　名词和冠词 .pptx

1、语法专题突破专题一 名词和冠词英 语2022内 容 索 引核心考点 课堂突破 专项训练 巩固提升 核心考点 课堂突破 高考感悟.单句填空1.(2020全国卷)The far side of the moon is of particular(interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山).2.(2020全国卷)Filled with(curious),the artist packed his bags and left.3.(2020全国卷)The plum trees are first to flow

2、er even as the snow is melting(融化).4.(2020新高考全国卷)Historical(accurate)is important but so is entertainment.interestcuriositytheaccuracy5.(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a(believe)that populations are i

3、ncreasing.6.(2019全国卷)When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.7.(2019全国卷)Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six are stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enoug

4、h data.beliefcompetitionthe8.(2019全国卷)She said,“We dont have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was joke.”9.(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly,Im face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at top of her lungs.10.(2018全国卷)Corn production has jumpe

5、d nearly 125 percent over past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7 percent.athethe.单句改错1.(2020全国卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.2.(2020全国卷)Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.3.(2020全国卷)Luckily,I will go home in two weeks for su

6、mmer vacations.4.(2020全国卷)My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.chopstickchopsticks在pan后加thevacationsvacationfamiliesfamily5.(2019全国卷)To everyones surprising,the ball went into the net.6.(2019全国卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,saying that I

7、had a talent for football.7.(2019全国卷)Since I was a kid,Ive considered different job I would like to do.8.(2019全国卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.surprisingsurpriseplayerplayersjobjobscitycities9.(2019全国卷)Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.10.(2019全国卷

8、)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.在football前加aana考点归纳考点一 名词的数1.可数名词的复数(1)规则变化:一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。规则例词一般在词尾加-smapmaps,seaseas,girlgirls,daydays以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclassclasses,boxboxes,watchwatches,dishdishes以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleafleaves,thiefthieves,knifeknives,ha

9、lfhalves,loafloaves,wifewives,shelfshelves加-sbeliefbeliefs,chiefchiefs,proofproofs,roofroofs规则例词以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-espartyparties,familyfamilies,storystories,citycities以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoytoys,boyboys,daydays,rayrays,HenryHenrys以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esheroheroes,potatopotatoes,tomatotomatoes不少外

10、来词加-spianopianos,photophotos,kilokilos两者皆可zerozeros/zeroesvolcanovolcanos/volcanoesmosquitomosquitos/mosquitoes规则例词以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradioradios,bamboobamboos,zoozoos以-th结尾的名词加-struthtruths,mouthmouths,monthmonths,pathpaths(2)不规则变化规则例词改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,goosegeese,mousemice单复数相同

11、species,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,li,yuan,jin只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party规则例词复数形式表示特别含

12、义customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件,报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen规则例词合成名词将主体名词

13、变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers,men servants2.不可数名词(1)一般情况用法词尾不能加-s,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式类别包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词例词fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,butter,baggage,clothing,equipment,furniture,home

14、work,juice,luggage,luck,music,milk,meat,production,permission,practice,thought,rubber,rice,soup,wealth,health,wood,English,America(2)特殊情况C可数、U不可数含义不同work工作U,作品、著作Cglass玻璃U,杯子C,眼镜pl.room空间U,房间Cpaper纸U,报纸、文件、试卷C抽象名词具体化beauty美、美丽U,beauty美人、美丽的东西Cexperience经验U,experience经历Csurprise吃惊、惊奇U,surprise令人吃惊的人或

15、事Cpleasure愉快、高兴U,pleasure乐事、乐趣Cpride骄傲U,pride令人骄傲的人或事Creality实际U,reality实现的事、现实Chonor荣誉、信誉U,honor光荣的人或事Csuccess成功U,success成功的人或事Cfailure失败U,failure失败的人或事Ccomfort安危、舒适U,comfort令人安慰的人或事Cpromise希望、前途、出息U,promise允诺、诺言Cdanger危险U,danger可能引起危险的人或物Cattraction 吸引U,attraction 有吸引力的人或事物C考点二 名词的所有格1.s所有格的构成单数名词

16、在末尾加sthe boys father,Jacks book,her son-in-laws photo复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room,the twins mother不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys,womens rights以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels,Charless job,the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems,Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Ameri

17、cas problems,Jane and Marys father表示“某人家”“店铺”,所有格后名词省略the doctors,the barbers,the tailors,my uncles2.s所有格的用法表示时间todays newspaper,five weeks holiday表示自然现象the earths atmosphere,the trees branches表示国家、城市等地方的名词the countrys plan,the worlds population,Chinas industry表示工作群体the ships crew,the majoritys view

18、,the teams victory表示度量衡及价值a miles journey,five dollars worth of apples与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time,the plays plot某些固定词组a birds eye view(鸟瞰,俯视),a stones throw(很短的距离,不远处),at ones wits end(不知所措)3.of所有格的用法用于无生命的东西the legs of the chair,the cover of the book用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时the classrooms of the first-yea

19、r students用于名词化的词the struggle of the oppressed考点三 不定冠词a/an的用法1.一般情况指一类人或事,相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.第一次提及某人、某物A boy is waiting for you.表示“每一”,相当于every,oneWe study eight hours a day.表示“相同”,相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr Smith came to visit you w

20、hen you were out.That boy is rather a Lei Feng.用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后This room is rather a big one.用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.2.固定搭配all of a sudden突然;as a matter of fact事实上;once a week每周一次;at a loss不知所措,茫然;be on a visit参观,拜访;be/go on a diet节食;

21、give sb.a lift让某人搭便车;have a gift for.在方面有天赋;have a good time玩得开心;have a word with.与谈话;in a hurry匆忙地;in a way从某种意义上说;make a living谋生;take a walk散步;take an interest in.对感兴趣;take/have a rest休息一会儿;a couple of两三个;a bit一点;once upon a time从前;many a time许多次考点四 定冠词the1.一般情况表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful anima

22、l.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe,the moon,the Pacific Ocean表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?用于乐器前面play the violin,play the guitar用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the rich,the living,the wounded表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens,the Wangs用于序数词或形容词、副词比较级、最高级前He is the taller of the two children.用于国家、党派等以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群

23、岛的名词前the United States,the Communist Party of China,the West Lake用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.用于方位名词、身体部位名词以及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.2.固定搭配at the moment此刻,目前;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说一下;on the

24、spot当场;make the best/most of.充分利用;in the distance在远处;in the end最终;in the habit of有的习惯;the other day前几天;on the one hand.,on the other hand.一方面,另一方面;to the point中肯,切题考点五 零冠词1.一般情况专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前Peking University,Jack,China,love,air名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制I want this book,not th

25、at one./Whose purse is this?季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前March,Sunday,National Day,spring表示职位、身份、头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.学科、语言、球类、棋类名词前 He likes playing football/chess.与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train,by air,by land以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife,knife and fork,day and night表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are u

26、seful animals.2.固定搭配in fact事实上;for example例如;in danger在危险中;with pleasure高兴地;in time及时;in fear恐惧地;at work在上班;at dinner在吃饭;after school放学后;at first起初;at last最终;by hand手工做的;pay attention to注意;set fire to放火;take pride in以为豪;take care of照顾;take office就职;take part in参加;in town在城里;keep.in mind牢记;in trouble

27、处在麻烦中;on foot步行;leave word留言;on time按时;catch sight of看见;do harm to对有害;lose weight减肥专项训练 巩固提升.单句填空1.So it was honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.2.(apology)of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently

28、 than before.3.However,the railway quickly proved to be great success.4.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which were saved for other(purpose).5.The east side of their stems grows faster during day,causing the stems to gradually bend from east to west.anApologiesapurposesth

29、e6.John Dewey,an American psychologist,once said that gaining others respect is deepest urge in human nature.7.A hundred years ago,(explorer)at that time were taking a tremendous risk in approaching the cold wonderland on the southernmost tip of the planet.8.In fact,figuring out who will get the bil

30、l is always headache for the Chinese at formal meals.9.As Chinese economy develops very fast and plays important role in the world,more and more foreigners learn Mandarin in Confucius Institutes.10.Chinese people are becoming richer and more international.What has not changed is their(stomach).theex

31、plorersaanstomachs.单句改错1.She has taught us a lot of English knowledges and how to be a good citizen.2.China has made a great progress in developing its space industry.3.I spent a hour every day taking exercise in order to lose weight.4.It was useful experience for all of us,which Ill never forget fo

32、r the rest of my life,and which Ill always treasure.5.With no time for the breakfast,I rushed out of my house.knowledgesknowledgeaanuseful前加a去掉the去掉made后的a6.I suddenly found that Lin Ling,one of my classmate,worked as a waitress there.7.From this lesson,we came to conclusion that it was not so diffi

33、cult to learn English if we could find a good way.8.For example,businessmen are more likely to travel by plane or high-speed train to save time while office worker tend to take buses or drive to work themselves.9.Last year,my families and I went camping in the countryside.It was one of the exciting

34、experiences I had ever had.10.I hope my advices can help you improve your health.classmateclassmatesconclusion前加aworkerworkersfamiliesfamilyadvicesadvice.语法填空Villages in developing countries often lack many things:books,clean water,electricity.These shortages are easy to see.But 1.different kind of

35、shortage is not easy to see.That is 2.shortage of experts.Many villages have no doctors,engineers or scientists.They have no one who knows how to treat unusual medical 3.(problem)or design a new expert system.There is a way to ease 4.problems.They can do it with 5.(computer).In 6.past few years,comp

36、uter scientists around the world have developed what they call“expert systems”.An expert system is a special kind of computer program.In some situations,it can take 7.place ofatheproblemscomputersthethethe8.human expert.For example,an expert in the medical system can help to take care of a sick pers

37、on.After asking a few 9.(question)of the patient,it can tell what medicine or other 10.(treat)is needed.aquestionstreatment.短文改错Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for over a hour.After lunch,I went into my room to have rest.The air was hot,and all was quiet.Then a

38、strong wind started to blow into my room.Pieces of papers on my desk flew high into the air and some flew out of the only open window.As I ran out to catch them,big drop of rain began to fall.When I came back into my house,it was raining the harder and harder.I tried very hard to close the windows.Then I heard the loudly crashing(碰撞的)sound from the back of the houses.I ran out of my room to find out what had happened:a big tree had fallen down and broken a top of the back room.