2021高考英语一轮复习练习22 语法填空 阅读理解（含解析）新人教版.doc

1、练习22语法填空阅读理解.语法填空2020浙江省绍兴市诊断性考试说明文212词The Amazon rainforest is key to the health of the entire planet. It is the largest rainforest in the world, _1_ (rough) half the size of the United States. Statistics show that nearly 20% of the oxygen _2_ (produce) by the Earths land comes from the Amazon rain

2、forest. It also puts an enormous amount of water into the atmosphere at a time _3_ cities are drying up. The Amazon rainforest is sucking in greenhouse gases while slowing the rising temperatures. _4_ its now burning at a record ratewith images from space _5_ (show) the smoke covering much of Brazil

3、.Its not the only major forest in danger. Nearly half of the worlds forests that _6_ (stand) when humans started farming are now gone. The chief reason is the expansion _7_ agriculture into forested areas. In Brazil its cattle ranching, soy production and logging, according to Nigel Sizer, tropical

4、forest ecologist. “It is responsible for 80% to 90% of _8_ loss of tropical forests around the world.”Environmental groups say these activities can _9_ (reduce) in a much more sustainable way.However, you can help reforest parts of the world through the Rainforest Trust and the Rainforest Alliance.

5、The Rainforest Trust allows you to restrict your donations to a specific project. The Rainforest Alliance says 100% of your _10_ (contribute) will help stop deforestation in Brazil right now.阅读理解A2020河北衡水中学联考说明文335词The worlds first hydrogenpowered trains have begun running in Germany. They began car

6、rying passengers Monday in Germanys northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.A French railroad company called Alstom built the two trains. Teams in Germany and France cooperated on the project, which was supported by the Germa

7、n government. The new train model, called the Coradia iLint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollutionproducing diesel (柴油)powered trains.The Coradia iLint is designed to run on nonelectrified train lines with low levels of noise. It uses a process tha

8、t combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam.A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometer

9、s. This is very similar to the distance a dieselpowered train can run on with a single tank.Hydrogenpowered trains cost more than dieselpowered trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company plans to provide another 14 Coradia iLint trains to Lower Saxony b

10、y 2021.The head of railroad operations in the area, Carmen Schwabl, praised replacing dieselpowered trains with hydrogen. She said the move was an important first step in using cleanburning technologies to reach climate protection goals.Officials say the areas many wind turbines (涡轮机) will produce p

11、art of the energy to create the hydrogen to power the trains. Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in developing hydrogenpowered train systems. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2022.1Why did Germany build the new trains

12、?ATo replace dieselpowered trains. BTo carry more passengers.CTo make traveling much easier. DTo develop friendship with France.2What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint?AIt runs without making any noise. BIt doesnt use electrical power.CIt costs much less to run. DIt is cheaper to make it.3It can

13、 be concluded that hydrogenpowered trains _.Aare widely used Bare environmentally friendlyCcan stop air pollution Dcan produce water and oxygen4What might be the best title for the text?ASaving Natural Resources BEfforts to Reduce EmissionsCWorlds First Hydrogenpowered Trains DA New Way to Make Elec

14、tricityB2020东北师范大学附中摸底考试说明文328词As we all know, most animals only perform tricks when given treats. However, Kim, the worlds first spider to learn a skill, needs no stimulus (刺激) to do what she lovesjumping to different heights and distancesupon the instruction of a team of scientists from the Univer

15、sity of Manchester.While the idea of training a spider might sound evil, the researchers motives were purely scientific. They are trying to unlock the secrets behind the jumping spiders extraordinarily high leaps to catch prey (猎物) or to escape their enemies. A better understanding of the spiders le

16、aps would help experts develop more efficient flying and jumping robots.The scientists found that Kim could gather enough force in her legs to jump more than six times the length of her own body from a stationary position. What was even more amazing was that she always landed perfectly. For shorter

17、distances, Kim used a lot of energy, resulting in quick leaps, which the researchers believe probably increases her chances of catching fastmoving prey. The farther the distance was, the less extra energy was used, resulting in slower but precise leaps.Previous studies have indicated that spiders us

18、e both their muscles and hydraulic (液压的) pressurea mechanism by which blood is transferred to their extended legsto make them push off the ground. However, in Kims case, her leg muscles alone appeared to be generating enough force for the liftoff. The researchers now intend to do further research to

19、 comprehend fully not just the spiders jumping technique, but that of other insects as well. “We are familiar with robots that are aimed at taking over human functions, but there are millions of insects in the world that perform specific functions that we have interest in and can be adapted for robo

20、tics，” says Nabawy, the leading engineer of the researching team.5What is the purpose of scientists researching the jumping spiders?ATo have fun and relax. BTo help develop robots.CTo get rid of spiders. DTo protect this species.6Why did Kim use a lot of energy for short leaps?ATo jump high enough.

21、BTo land more precisely.CTo catch fastmoving prey. DTo increase chances of escape.7What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to?AJumping technique. BLeg muscles.CFurther research. DEnergy for liftoff.8What can be a suitable title for this passage?AJumping Techniques Used by Ju

22、mping Spiders BJumping Spiders Inspired Developing RobotsCAnimals Perform Tricks if Provided With Treats DThe Worlds First Spider That Jumps on Demand黄金考点短文改错时态考点43时态与上下文不一致错误考例Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old.2020全国卷点拨根据时间状语从句when I was seven years old可知，此处是在叙述过去的事情，应用一

23、般过去时，故把start改成started。考点44并列成分不一致错误考例The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” 2017全国卷点拨根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知，这三个短句属于并列结构，都是祈使句，谓语动词用原形，所以将Turning改成Turn，跟前面的Speed和Slow一致。练习22语法填空阅读理解.语法填空【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚马孙热带雨林对地球的影响和作用。1答案与解析：(副词)roughly结合句意可知，亚马孙热带雨林是世界上最大的热带雨林

24、，大约是美国国土面积的一半。此处修饰限定词，应用副词形式，故填roughly“大约”。2答案与解析：(非谓语动词)produced空处作后置定语修饰the oxygen，空处的逻辑主语the oxygen与produce之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词的ed形式。3答案与解析：(定语从句)when它还在城市逐渐干涸的时候向大气中释放大量的水。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a time，空处在从句中充当时间状语，故用关系副词when。4答案与解析：(并列连词)But上文叙述了亚马孙热带雨林的重要性，此处说“它现在正以创纪录的速度燃烧着”，上下文构成转折关系，故填But。5答案与解析：(非谓语动词

25、)showing结合句式结构可知，此处为with的复合结构，宾语images与动词show构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填showing作宾补。6答案与解析：(动词的时态)stood人类开始农耕时世界上曾经存在的森林几乎有一半现在消失了。根据started可知，空处也应该是过去式，故填stood。7答案与解析：(介词)of主要原因是农业向森林地区的扩展。of可用于动作名词后以说明此动作的受影响者或执行者。8答案与解析：(冠词)the根据下文中的tropical forests可知，此处loss前应有限定词，表示特指，故填the。9答案与解析：(动词的被动语态)be reduced环保组织表示，这些活

26、动可以以一种更加可持续的方式被放缓。these activities与reduce之间为被动关系，同时空处又在情态动词can之后，故填be reduced。10答案与解析：(名词)contribution(s)根据your可知，其后需要接名词，由此填contribute的名词形式contribution(s)。.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是一种新型的氢动力火车的研制及其特点。低噪音无污染的特点使它有可能逐步替代传统的柴油火车。1答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and

27、other nations to move away from pollutionproducing dieselpowered trains可知，建造新型火车的目的是代替以柴油为动力的火车，从而降低污染。故A项正确。2答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，氢动力火车的运行成本比较低，故C项正确。3答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“The only emissions are water and steam.”和第六段最后一句中的using clean buring technologies to reach climate protection goals可知，氢动力火

28、车的排放物只有水和蒸汽，并且此举可以达到保护环境的目标，所以它是环保的。故B项正确。4答案与解析：C主旨大意题。根据文章第一句可知，本文主要介绍的是世界首批氢动力火车。故C项正确。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇科技类的说明文。研究人员对跳蛛进行了研究，发现它们对于不同的距离会利用不同的策略进行跳跃。科学家们希望研究跳蛛的跳跃方式对研究机器人有所帮助。5答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，科学家们研究跳蛛跳跃能力的目的在于帮助开发更高效的飞行和跳跃机器人。故选B项。6答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For shorter distances, Kim used a lot of

29、 energy, resulting in quick leaps, which the researchers believe probably increases her chances of catching fastmoving prey.”可知，金用大量的能量进行短距离跳跃是为了捕捉快速移动的猎物。故选C项。7答案与解析：A词义猜测题。根据画线词前半句The researchers now intend to do further research to comprehend fully not just the spiders jumping technique可知，此处应表示研究人员不仅要全面了解跳蛛的跳跃技术，还要了解其他昆虫的跳跃技术，因此此处的that指代jumping technique。故选A项。8答案与解析：B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了研究人员对跳蛛进行了研究，发现它们对于不同的距离会利用不同的策略进行跳跃。科学家们希望研究跳蛛的跳跃方式对研发机器人有所帮助。由此可知“跳蛛启发研制机器人”适合作本文标题。故选B项。