2021高考英语一轮统考复习 Book 4 Module 4 Great Scientists课时作业（含解析）外研版.doc

1、Module 4 Great Scientists.阅读理解A(2020广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考试)Dr Nancy Roman, born in 1925, who was celebrated as a pioneer for female scientists and had advanced the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, died on Dec. 25, 2018. When Nancy Roman asked for permission to take a second algebra (代数) course in high

2、school, a teacher demanded to know “what lady would take mathematics instead of Latin”. In college, a professor admitted that he often tried to prevent women from majoring in physics but Nancy stuck to it. And after receiving Doctors degree in astronomy, she found a professional home at NASA (美国宇航局)

3、. In 1959, Dr Roman became the first chief of astronomy at NASA headquarters, a role that made her one of the agencys first female leaders.Dr Roman spent much of her career helping develop, fund and promote technology that would help scientists see more clearly beyond Earths atmosphere. But her most

4、 wellknown work was perhaps leading to design the Hubble Space Telescope, the first major telescope to be sent into space for the purpose of gathering photographs and data from the universe. She was, therefore, named as “the mother of Hubble”. “She made it possible to get the early telescope up into

5、 space to learn what needed to be learned，” said science historian Bob Zimmerman, “and her hardnosed nature helped get the telescope built.”The telescope did not launch until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr Roman retired, but when it did, its photographs of the universe thrilled the world

6、. “I am glad，” she once told Science, “I ignored the people who told me that I could not be an astronomer.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国天文学家Nancy Roman传奇的一生。 文章旨在告诉我们坚持自己的梦想，你一定会成为你想成为的那个人！1What can we conclude from the teachers reaction to Nancy Romans application for taking a second algebra course? AThe t

7、eacher doubted it. BThe teacher didnt care about it. CThe teacher accepted it at once. DThe teacher was strongly against it.答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，在中学时当Nancy Roman请求批准再参加代数课程时，一位老师要求知道“哪个女士会选择数学而不是拉丁语”，由此可推知老师持怀疑的态度，故选A。2What was the most famous achievement of Nancy Romans work?AShe was one of the fou

8、nders of NASA.BShe proved the black hole really existed. CShe was the first female astronomer in the world. DShe led to design the Hubble Space Telescope.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“但是她最著名的工作也许是带领设计哈勃空间望远镜，这是第一个被送入太空的大型望远镜，目的是从宇宙中收集照片和数据。”可知选D。3When did Dr Nancy Roman probably retire? AIn 1969. BIn 1979.CIn

9、1990. DIn 2000.答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The telescope did not launch until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr Roman retired”(这种望远镜直到1990年才发射升空，在 Roman博士退休后的十多年)可推知选B。4What can we learn from Dr Nancy Romans words in the last paragraph? AShe was very proud of what she had done for the country. BShe

10、thought highly of the people who hadnt believed her. CShe was delighted to have become an astronomer in spite of the prejudice on her. DShe had hardnosed nature and never cared about other peoples opinions.答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I ignored the people who told me that I could not be an astronomer.”(我不在乎那些

11、告诉我不能成为天文学家的人。)可推知选C。B(2020安徽六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试)Dr John Wilkins was a natural philosopher who lived from 1614 until 1672. He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there. Wilkins believed that anything as Earthlike as the moon must have been created by God for livi

12、ng beings, and he was determined to meet themdespite the fact that he was three centuries ahead of his time.In the 1600s, the scientific understanding of gravity and outer space was limited. Wilkins believed, like many 17thcentury scientists, that there was no difference between the atmosphere of Ea

13、rth and the conditions in space, and that Earths pull was due to magnetism (磁力). It was only reasonable, then, that Wilkins believed a twowheeled horsedrawn battle car with wings with enough speed could lift high enough off the ground to break free of Earths magnetic pull and reach the moon.Then Wil

14、kins moved on to more pressing issues with his remarkable ability to think of new ideas: How would travelers feed themselves during the journey? He theorized that the main cause of hunger was simply the act of working against gravity, so getting to the moon without being burdened by it would be able

15、 to be realized. There was some knowledge at that time about the fact that air gets thinner and colder the higher up you go, but he had a fix for that too, “moistened sponges (湿润的海绵) might help us against its thinness”By studying the way in which birds fly, which also happened to be part of the stud

16、ies that led to planes and rockets centuries later, Wilkins put his theory to the test with the help of a colleague, Robert Hooke. Neither of the two ever recorded their attempts, but its somewhat safe to say that it didnt work out. Hooke himself may have been the reason he gave up hope, in fact, si

17、nce he was part of the team that discovered space was a place without oxygen.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰威尔金斯博士是一位自然哲学家，他疯狂地想要登上月球，并为此在理论上做了很多准备。5What do we know about Dr John Wilkins?AHe dreamed of landing on the moon.BHe wrote about people living on the moon.CHe urged the public to know more about space.

18、DHe had a rich knowledge of space in the 1670s.答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there.”可知，Dr John Wilkins梦想着登上月球。故选A。6Which of the following might Wilkins agree with?AThe air on the moon is not fit for human beings.BPeople dont need to

19、eat things on the moon.CEarths magnetism can be changed easily.DOxygen doesnt exist in outer space.答案：B推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话可知，Wilkins认为饥饿的原因与重力有关，所以他同意人们不需要在不受重力影响的月球上吃东西。故选B。7What can be concluded from Paragraphs 2&3?AWilkins had prepared a lot in theory.BWilkins was ready for his moonlanding.CWilkins m

20、ade a great contribution to philosophy.DWilkins was the greatest natural philosopher in history.答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段中Wilkins提出的观点以及第三段转向更紧迫问题的研究可推知，Wilkins在理论上做了很多准备。故选A。8What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo honor a great scientist.BTo encourage studies on outer space.CTo introduce an earl

21、y attempt of moonlanding.DTo inform people of the knowledge about the universe.答案：C推理判断题。根据整篇文章可知，Wilkins对登月的执著和向往以及他对登月所做的一系列研究和发现，所以作者的目的是通过Wilkins介绍早期的登月尝试。故选C。.七选五(2020全国新高三开学联考)In American history, Benjamin Franklin was famous for his proverbs. Franklin lived in the 1700s. He was a leader of th

22、e American Revolution against English rule. He was also a scientist, inventor and writer.For many years, Franklin published a book called “Poor Richards Almanac”. He included many proverbs that he had heard or created. _1_ Like this one：“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy an

23、d wise.”Franklin is also remembered for other proverbs like, “A penny saved is a penny earned.” _2_Here are other examples of proverbs that Americans use. _3_ Some people say, “All is fair in love and war.” They mean that anything you do in a relationship or in battle is acceptable._4_ In other word

24、s, when you are in love with someone, you may refuse to see anything bad about that person.Some people are only interested in having a relationship with someone who is very goodlooking. You might tell them that “Beauty is only skin deep.” Your girlfriend may be lovely to look at, but she may also ha

25、ve some bad qualities. _5_ Your boyfriend is a wonderful person, but not goodlooking. So what a person looks like is not really important.Another proverb is true in love and war or other situations: “Actions speak louder than words.” It means that what you do is more important than what you say.AOr

26、the opposite may be true.BThe first ones are about love.CSome of them are still used today.DAnother proverb says “Love is blind.”EA proverb is a short, well known saying.FThis means that money should not be wasted.GAnother proverb about love is, “Absence makes the heart grow fonder.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章

27、介绍了本杰明富兰克林的几条名言。1C空格前提到富兰克林的书中包括许多名言，空格后具体举例，由此可知，空格处应填一个过渡句，C项“有些(名言)沿用至今。”符合语境。2F空格处是对前面一句名言“A penny saved is a penny earned. (省钱就是赚钱。)”的解释说明，故选F。3B根据空格后列举的几个关于爱情的名言可知，选项B “The first ones are about love.”引起下文，符合语境。4D根据空格后“换句话说，当你爱上一个人时，你会拒绝看这个人的缺点”的内容可知，选项D“另一句名言说爱情是盲目的。”符合语境。5A空格前后是相反的内容，故空格处应选“O

28、r the opposite may be true.”，A项正确。.语法填空Why send a greeting card when you can send a potato? Thats the reasoning behind one ecommerce site, which mails actual _1_ (potato) with personalized messages from their customers for $8 to $10. PotatoP offers customers the chance _2_ (make) a friend laugh or l

29、ighten the mood. The company _3_ (usual) offers their product in two sizes. For example, a “medium” potato, _4_ can fit 100 characters, is first picked by the senders. And then the company writes their note directly on the potato skin _5_ a special pen. After that the potato _6_ (mail) to the receiv

30、er in a “tiny envelope” from the company in Texas. Theres no cash _7_ (include) insideit is just _8_ actual potato with black writing. Past potato receivers have shared pictures of _9_ own experiences with others on social media. “The _10_ (good) thing Ive received in the mail！” wrote one young woma

31、n, who got a potato from her boyfriend.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是一种新型的问候方式，在土豆上留言，并通过邮寄发给收件人。1potatoes考查名词。根据本句中的关键信息“their customers for $8 to $10”可知，此处填名词复数形式(注意变化规则)。2to make考查非谓语动词。the chance to do sth. “做某事的机会”。不定式短语作后置定语。3usually考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词。4which考查定语从句的引导词。所填词引导非限制性定

32、语从句，从句中缺少主语且指物，故用关系代词which。5with考查介词。此处后面为名词，且无提示词，通常为介词，结合语义可知填with，意为“使用”。6is mailed考查动词的时态和语态。mail与potato之间为被动关系，且全文用一般现在时，故填is mailed。7included考查非谓语动词。cash与include之间为被动关系，且位于名词之后，故填included。8an考查冠词。空格前为系动词，空格后为“形容词名词”结构，故此处为“a(n)单数名词”，表示泛指。由于actual发音是以元音音素开头，故填an。9their考查代词。of ones own “某人自己的”，结

33、合句子主语可知，应填their。10best考查形容词的最高级。空格前为the，结合句意可知，此处表示“收到的最好的东西”。.书面表达(2019宁夏回族自治区银川一中高三月考)假定你是李华。某英文报社正在举行题为“科技改变我们未来的生活”的征文活动，要求同学们想象科技将如何改变我们的生活环境、工作和休闲方式。请根据你的畅想用英语写一篇短文。注意：1.词数100左右；2开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数；3可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。With the development of science and technology, _精彩范文With_the_development_of_scien

34、ce_and_technology,_our life in the future will be quite different from what it is now.At that time well live in a greener and more beautiful world with trees, birds, blue sky and sunshine. And well be able to arrange for things like meals, bathing and sleep with our smartphones. Robots will be able

35、to do most of the housework for us. As for work, well mostly work from home, communicating ideas of work online. If necessary, well have video meetings with our partners around the world. In our free time, well be able to travel to places of interest in new vehicles like flying cars. Well even enjoy space trips to the moon and other planets.All in all, our life will become more comfortable and convenient.