山西省陵川实验中学2021-2022年高二上学期开学考试卷英语试题 WORD版含解析.doc

1、陵川县高级实验中学高二年级开学考试英语试卷注意事项：本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAs humanity has got richer, animals roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the intern

2、al combustion engine（内燃机）made horses unneeded; modern sanitation（卫生设备）kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming.The trend is not a new one. Archae

3、ologists（考古学家）have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures - such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions - have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of th

4、e world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature.The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters

5、tables. Pet - food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pets individual tastes.In the business this

6、is called “pet humanisation” - the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to - in America - Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pe

7、t hotels.People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has w

8、orked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cats “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-wal

9、ker trailing “his” hound（猎犬）, plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: whos in charge now?1. Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Peoples needs for animal services are decreasing.B. Both the pet number and the pet business are growing.C. Pets

10、are increasingly making their owners less anxious.D. Pet foods are more various and customized than before.2. Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization?”A. The names given to pets in American families nowadays.B Pets inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners.C H

11、uman beings ever rising urge for pet-keeping.D. Pets roles as both working staff and companions.3. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?A. Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters.B. Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets.C. Pet-keep

12、ing is still restricted within certain parts of the world.D. Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets.4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Changing Roles of AnimalsB. The Urge for Pet-keepingC. Who Owns WhomD. Love Me, Love My Dog【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C【解

13、析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为了宠物的奴隶。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “pup

14、py - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions.”可知，人们仍然认为宠物必须以某种方式为人类工作，使人们更健康或更少焦虑，但这方面的证据并不充分，相反，新的研究表明狗狗进化出了那些不可抗拒的眼神，正是为了影响人类的情绪，因此“宠物越来越让主人不那么焦虑”这一说法是错误的，故C项正确。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the business this is called “pet humanisation” - the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of th

15、e family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to - in America - Bella, Lucy and Max.”可知，在这个行业中，这被称为“宠物人性化”宠物主人将宠物视为家庭的一部分的趋势，这一点在给狗起的名字中很明显，狗的名字从菲多、雷克斯和斯波特演变成在美国的贝拉、露西和麦克斯，因此，现在美国家庭给宠物起的名字可以作为宠物人性化的证据，故A项正确。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The pet business is gr

16、owing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them.”可知，宠物生意的增长速度甚至超过了宠物数量，因为人们在宠物身上花费的钱越来越多，由此可知，作者认为一些宠物主人在他们的宠物身上花了太多的钱，故D项正确。【4题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一句话“and you have to wonder: whos in charge now?”可知，本文主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为宠物的奴隶，故C项（谁是老大？）最适合做文章标题。【点

17、睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度在于被选选项要具有高度的概括性，准确全面地体现出文章内容，因此抓住文章主题是关键，社会生活类文章通常作者会在文章最后表明自己的态度，而作者的态度一般即为文章主题，例如本篇第4题，通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一句话“and you have to wonder: whos in charge now?”可知，本文主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为宠物的奴隶，这种现象不禁让人怀疑宠物和主人到底谁才是老大，言外之意，作者认为人们这种饲养宠物的方式是不可取的，故C项（谁是老大？）最适合做文章标题。BA few months ago, Jason aske

18、d his parents to buy him a computer. All his friends already had one, so his mom and dad agreed. During the first few weeks, Jason spent a lot of time in front of his computer because he had to learn how it worked. He was really interested in learning all about it and he even started writing compute

19、r programs himself.One day Jason found a website where he could play chess either against the computer or against other people from all over the world. From then on, Jason seemed to have just one interest in life, his computer. Whenever his parents told him that he was spending too much time with hi

20、s computer, Jason went into denial. He did not think that he had a problem at all.Then the unthinkable happened: Jasons computer broke down. But his parents decided not to buy him a new one. Jason said that he needed a computer for school, and he promised that hed spend less time with it. But his pa

21、rents refused to give in. Finally, Jason felt so hopeless that he took the only way out and killed himself.Robert Johnson, a psychologist (心理学家) on the subject, says, Computer addiction is an illness that can influence anyone of us. Nowadays, increasing numbers of people are spending more and more t

22、ime working with computers. While this isnt a problem for most users, some people, especially teenagers, often use the computer to get away from the real world. This is especially true of shy people. For them, meeting people online is a way of hiding their true selves. In cyberspace (网络空间), they can

23、 be whoever they want to be and create their own virtual (虚拟的) world. But what happens when they can no longer enter their virtual world?5. Why did Jason want to buy a computer according to Paragraph 1?A. To play chess.B. To make friendsC. To avoid being an outsider(外人).D. To write computer programs

24、.6. By saying Jason went into denial, the author means_.A. Jason enjoyed himselfB. Jason would not listenC. Jason would turn it offD. Jason changed his mind7. What was Jasons relationship with his parents like when his computer broke down?A. FineB. TerribleC. So so.D. Unknown.8. In Robert Johnsons o

25、pinion, _.A. it is impossible to beat computer addictionB. teenagers should stay away from computersC. shy people get addicted to computers easilyD. computers are getting us into serious trouble【答案】5. C 6. B 7. B 8. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。通过Jason的故事，文章旨在警告青少年要合理的使用电脑。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A few months

26、ago, Jason asked his parents to buy him a computer. All his friends already had one, so his mom and dad agreed.” （几个月前，杰森让他的父母给他买一台电脑。他所有的朋友都已经有了，所以他的父母同意了。)可知，因为朋友们都有电脑，只有他没有。由此推知，Jason因为不想成为局外人，让他的父母给他买电脑。故选C。【6题详解】句意猜测题。根据下文“He did not think that he had a problem at all.” （他不认为他有任何问题。)可知，划线词所在句子意

27、为“父母每次提醒他玩电脑太长时间了，他都不听。”故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But his parents refused to give in. Finally, Jason felt so hopeless that he took the only way out and killed himself.” (但他的父母拒绝让步。最后，杰森感到非常绝望，他选择了唯一的出路自杀。)可推知，当电脑坏掉后，他们关系很糟糕，故选B。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“While this isnt a problem for most users, some peopl

28、e, especially teenagers, often use the computer to get away from the real world. This is especially true of shy people.”（虽然这对大多数用户来说不是问题，但有些人，尤其是青少年，经常使用电脑来逃离现实世界。这对害羞的人来说尤其如此。)可知，Robert Johnson认为害羞的人更容易对电脑上瘾，因为他们想要使用电脑来逃离现实世界。故选C。【点睛】推理判断题的推断对象主要包括隐含意思、目标读者、观点态度、文章出处、写作意图等。以推断隐含意义的题目居多。推断隐含意义，即要求根据

29、文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。题干中常含infer（推断），suggest（暗示），imply（暗示），indicate（暗示），conclude（推断，得出结论）等词语。解此类题，首先找到相关信息，然后细读、理解相关信息的字面意义，最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。如小题3，根据文章第三段“But his parents refused to give in. Finally, Jason felt so hopeless that he took the only way

30、out and killed himself.” 但他的父母拒绝让步。最后，杰森感到非常绝望，他选择了唯一的出路自杀了。由此可知，他们关系很糟糕，故选B。CThere is such a group of singers in the western musical circle at present, who enter the business as online celebrities (名人)and then become top idols and giant stars globally. They become popular for their videos online an

31、d then they are discovered by talent agents and gradually cause huge storms in the musical circle. Troye Sivan, a singer who is nicknamed “chuoye”, became popular on YouTube from an early age.As a popular video sharing website, YouTube has given rise to plenty of stars, creating a new celebrity cult

32、ure. Providing a platform where anyone can post videos, YouTube presents the opportunity for anyone to achieve fame by simply uploading a short video. Sivan has been making YouTube videos since he was 12 to show his singing talent. In the digital age, Sivan has already developed large devoted audien

33、ce online and his touching video blogs have earned him extreme popularity.A survey has showed that US teenagers are more attracted to YouTube stars, which is a surprising result. YouTube stars are judged to be more attractive, outstanding and related than traditional stars. Looking at the survey com

34、ments and feedback, teens enjoy a close and real experience with YouTube celebrities, who arent carefully directed by design. Teens also say they appreciate YouTube stars, sense of humor and risk-taking spirit, which are often limited by Hollywood stars. As a result, singers who make their first sho

35、w in the traditional way no longer have a complete advantage in front of the audience. Online platforms open up a lot of doors for people. They become the best place to be discovered.9. Why is Troye Sivan mentioned in Paragraph 1?A. To give an example for the topic.B. To uncover the secret of succes

36、s online.C. To add more background information.D. To introduce the topic of the passage.10. What made Troye Sivan a success according to the author?A. Learning to sing at an early age.B Developing lots of fans online.C. Sharing his family stories online.D. Starting a different music style.11. Why ar

37、e YouTube stars so attractive in the digital age?A. They are more firmly connected with teens.B. They are more hardworking than traditional stars.C. They are often carefully designed.D. They are discovered in a traditional way.12. What is the authors attitude towards online platforms like YouTube?A.

38、 Worried.B. Regretful.C. Supportive.D. Doubtful.【答案】9. A 10. B 11. A 12. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对例如YouTube这样的网络平台对名人文化的推动作用进行了介绍。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Troye Sivan, a singer who is nicknamed “chuoye”, became popular on YouTube from an early age.”（绰号“chuoye”的歌手Troye Sivan从小就在YouTube上走红。）可知，Troye Sivan就是在Y

39、ouTube上走红的，根据第二段第一句 “As a popular video sharing website, YouTube has given rise to plenty of stars, creating a new celebrity culture.”（作为一个受欢迎的视频分享网站，YouTube催生了一大批明星，创造了一种新的名人文化。）可知，文章主要是讲YouTube创造了一种新的名人文化。所以第一段中提到Troye Sivan是为了引入文章主题。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“In the digital age, Sivan has already

40、 developed large devoted audience online and his touching video blogs have earned him extreme popularity.”（在数字时代，Sivan已经在网上拥有了大量忠实的观众，他的感人视频博客也为他赢得了极高的人气。）可知，Troye Sivan成功的原因是在网上吸引了大量粉丝。故选B。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Looking at the survey comments and feedback, teens enjoy a close and real experience wi

41、th YouTube celebrities, who arent carefully directed by design.”（看看调查的评论和反馈，青少年喜欢与YouTube名人亲密而真实的体验，这些名人不是被精心设计的。）可知，在数字时代，YouTube明星如此吸引人是因为他们与青少年的联系更加紧密。故选A。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Online platforms open up a lot of doors for people. They become the best place to be discovered.”（网络平台为人们打开了很多扇门。它们成为了

42、最容易被发现的地方。）可知，作者对网络平台持支持态度。故选C。DThe mirror self-recognition test was dreamed up in the 1960s by Gordon Gallup, Jr., a scientist now with the State University of New York. Back then, he was a graduate student taking a course in psychology, and the students were asked to come up with an idea for an ex

43、periment.“I was washing my face in front of a mirror one day, says Grallup. It occurred to me wouldnt it be interesting to see if other animals could recognize themselves in mirrors?”Still looking at the mirror, he realized he could test an animal by secretly marking its face with some kind of red d

44、ye (染料), to see if it could use the mirror to access these strange red marks.No such test had been done before, even though people had long observed animals looking into mirrors. Most species tend to treat a mirror image as a stranger to be courted (献殷勤) or attacked. Some scientists thought that pri

45、mates (灵长类) might do better. Charles Darwin once watched with interest as an orangutan (红毛猩猩) named Jenny made faces at a mirror.When Gallup started doing experiments with chimps (黑猩猩), a few years after he came up with his test, he found that at first the chimps acted as if the mirror image were an

46、other animal. But then, after a couple of days they began using the mirror to examine parts of their bodies like their teeth.When Gallup put red dye on their faces, the chimps later woke up and reacted to the unexpected mirror image as if they understood that the marks were on their own faces.In Gal

47、lups view, only three species have mirror self-recognition: chimps, orangutans, and humans. Others, though, think the list is long. Diana Reiss, a scientist at Hunter College, has tested both dolphins and elephants and beeves that both show signs of recognizing themselves in mirrors.13. Who first ca

48、me up with the idea of the mirror self-recognition test?A. A university student.B. A zoo keeper in New York.C. A teacher in Hunter College.D. A scientist in a research organization.14. What did Gordon Gallup intend the red dye for?A. Marking his image in the mirror.B. Marking his own face before was

49、hing.C. Marking the face of the animal to be tested.D. Marking an animal without self-recognition ability.15. How did chimps react to their image in the mirror?A. They showed no interest in it.B. They examined that image carefully.C. They took it as another animal at first.D. They immediately recogn

50、ized what it was.【答案】13. A 14. C 15. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Gordon Gallup进行镜像自我识别测试，测试结果显示有一些物种有镜像自我识别能力。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段内容“The mirror self-recognition test was dreamed up in the 1960s by Gordon Gallup, Jr., a scientist now with the State University of New York. Back then, he was a graduate stude

51、nt taking a course in psychology, and the students were asked to come up with an idea for an experiment.”（镜像自我识别测试是在二十世纪六十年代被Gordon Gallup, Jr.提出的，他现在是纽约州立大学的科学家。当时，他是一名攻读心理学课程的研究生，学生们被要求提出一个实验的想法。）可知，镜像自我识别测试是被Gordon Gallup, Jr.提出的，当时他是一名攻读心理学课程的研究生，由此可知，一个大学生第一次提出了镜像自我识别测试的想法。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第

52、三段内容“Still looking at the mirror, he realized he could test an animal by secretly marking its face with some kind of red dye (染料), to see if it could use the mirror to access these strange red marks.”（仍然看着镜子，他意识到他可以通过秘密地用某种红色染料在一只动物的脸上做标记来测试它，看看它是否可以利用镜子来接近这些奇怪的红色标记。）可知，Gordon Gallup是想用红色染料在动物的脸上做标记

53、来测试它，看看它是否可以利用镜子来接近这些奇怪的红色标记，由此可知，Gordon Gallup打算用红色染料在待测动物的脸上做标记。故选C项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“When Gallup started doing experiments with chimps (黑猩猩), a few years after he came up with his test, he found that at first the chimps acted as if the mirror image were another animal.”（当Gallup开始用黑猩猩做实验时，在他提

54、出这个实验的几年后，发现起初黑猩猩认为就像镜子中的形象是另一个动物。）可知，在实验中，起初黑猩猩的认为镜子中的形象是另一个动物，没有认出是它自己，由此可知，起初黑猩猩把镜子中的形象当作另一种动物。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It is a war without guns, bombs, or smoke. A new coronavirus (新冠肺炎), a deadly disease, breaks out all over the world. More than 2.7 mil

55、lion present confirmed cases are reported recently, WHO says, adding that the cases have resulted in more than 325 thousand deaths. What should you do to keep yourself from this virus? _16_1. Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub.It is quite necessary to clean your hands with soa

56、p and water completely for at least 20 seconds before you have meals and after using the toilet, especially after you return home. If you are not careful enough to contact with animals or deal with animal wastes, youd better wash your hands with alcohol-based rub. _17_, so this is very important.2.

57、_18_When it comes to human to human transmission (传播) of the viruses, it often happens when someone comes into contact with an infected persons secretions (分泌物), such as droplets (小水滴，飞沫) in a cough. Therefore, when you cough or sneeze, you should cover your mouth and nose with a tissue, or you can

58、cough or sneeze into your sleeve, but avoid covering with your hand directly.3. Wear masks.Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected. Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin. _19_ if you are

59、not feeling well or have symptoms of fever.4. Take exercise regularly._20_ It can strengthen your heart and ensure the efficient flow of blood throughout the body. Besides, it can also improve you immune system, to some degree making it helpful to get away from the viruses and illnesses. Come on! Mo

60、ve your body, and you will become stronger and stronger.All in all, if you have symptoms of fever and respiratory infection, you must seek immediate medical attention.A. A mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others.B. Taking exercise regularly is one of the most important ways

61、 to stay away from the virus.C. Here are some suggestions you can follow in your daily life.D. If you want to take exercise, you should get up early.E. Animals are very dangerous.F. Viruses can spread from human contact with animals.G. Cover nose and mouth while coughing and sneezing.【答案】16. C 17. F

62、 18. G 19. A 20. B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些避免感染新冠肺炎病毒的方法。【16题详解】根据上文“What should you do to keep yourself from this virus? (你应该怎么做才能避免感染这种病毒？)”可知，本文告诉我们如何才能避免感染病毒，根据下文段落小标题“Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub. (用肥皂和水或含酒精的洗手液清洁双手。)”可知，下文介绍的是具体的防护方法，由此可知，空格处应用能够引起下文的句子，C项意为“这里有一些建议

63、，你可以在日常生活中遵循。”选项内容能够引出下文的具体办法。故选C。【17题详解】根据上文“If you are not careful enough to contact with animals or deal with animal wastes, youd better wash your hands with alcohol-based rub. (如果你不小心接触了动物或处理了动物粪便，你最好用含酒精的洗手液洗手。)”可知，如果我们不小心接触了动物，最好用含酒精的洗手液洗手，F项意为“病毒可以通过人类与动物接触传播。”选项内容能够承接上文，我们接触动物后要洗手，因为病毒可以通过人类

64、与动物接触传播。故选F。【18题详解】根据下文“Therefore, when you cough or sneeze, you should cover your mouth and nose with a tissue, or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve, but avoid covering with your hand directly. (因此，当你咳嗽或打喷嚏时，你应该用纸巾捂住口鼻，或者你可以向袖子里咳嗽或打喷嚏，但不要直接用手捂住。)”可知，为了防止病毒传播，我们咳嗽或打喷嚏时，应该用纸巾捂住口鼻，或者向袖子里咳嗽或打喷嚏，

65、G项意为“咳嗽和打喷嚏时捂住鼻子和嘴。”选项内容能够概括段落主旨，告诉我们为了防止病毒传播，咳嗽和打喷嚏时要怎么做。故选G。【19题详解】根据上文“Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected. (戴口罩是防止感染的最有效的方法之一。)”可知，本段内容向我们介绍了戴口罩的重要性，A项意为“还需要一个口罩来防止细菌传播给他人。”选项内容符合段落主旨，且与下文“if you are not feeling well or have symptoms of fever (如果

66、你感觉不舒服或有发烧的症状)”构成条件关系，如果你感觉不舒服或有发烧的症状，需要一个口罩来防止细菌传播给他人。故选A。【20题详解】根据段落主旨句“Take exercise regularly. (经常锻炼。)”可知，为了防止病毒传播，我们应该经常锻炼，B项意为“定期锻炼是远离病毒最重要的方法之一。”选项内容符合段落主旨，且下文“It can strengthen your heart and ensure the efficient flow of blood throughout the body. (它可以增强你的心脏，确保血液在全身的有效流动。)”解释了为什么定期锻炼是远离病毒最重要

67、的方法之一。故选B。第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My three-year-old son Nathan, was digging the sand to build a castle. Although I warned him itd be_21_, he insisted on building it in the path of every single wave that would_22_on the shore.I sigh

68、ed, figuring the only way to make him_23_was to do as he liked and let him see what would happen. I only hoped he wouldnt be too_24_when that first wave destroyed his_25_But when the water came and washed away his castle, he jumped up and down and clapped his hands. “Thats great! Lets do it again!”

69、I didnt know how he could_26_ seeing his fruit of labor ruined. “Is it really fun when the waves wash away the_27_?”“Yes, “ he said.Looking at him I thought about my_28_at home. Nothing I did there ever seemed to_29_. I prepared dinners, which ten minutes after i placed them on the table were comple

70、tely consumed. I mopped floors only to see someone_30_them on their first trip in from the back yard. My life was just one never-ending to-do list.Just like the sand castles Nathan built , all my_31_were washed away by a giant wave called Family Life. Nothing I did lasted beyond the moment.Because o

71、f this, I often struggled feeling_32_. I wondered if the things I did counted. And if nothing I did mattered, that meant that I didnt matter.But as I watched my child_33_in the sand happily, I realized that Im building something_34_. Something that will last forever.Im_35_a family.21. A. Taken apart

72、B. washed awayC. cleared upD. dug out22. A. crashB. danceC. floatD. appear23. A. understandB. regretC. refuseD. struggle24. A. angryB. frightenedC. surprisedD. upset25. A. futureB. creationC. worldD. gift26. A. imagineB. standC. avoidD. gift27. A. toolsB. clothesC. shoesD. castles28. A. petB. itemC.

73、 lifeD. plan29. A. lastB. happenC. helpD. exist30. A. emptyB. dirtyC. narrowD. dry31. A. tearsB. worriesC. feelingsD. efforts32. A. confusedB. fancyC. competitiveD. unfair33. A. lyingB. diggingC. rollingD. sleeping34. A. actualB. slightC. importantD. formal35. A. protectingB. designingC. buildingD.

74、creating【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的儿子在沙滩建城堡被海浪冲走的故事，作者联想到了自己为家庭所付出的一切，意识到自己做的事情很重要，因为他在建造一个家庭。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管我警告过他，它会被冲走，但他坚持要在每一个可能撞击海岸的海浪经过的地方建造它。A. taken apart拆开；B. washed away冲走，洗掉；C. cleared up清除；D. d

75、ug out挖出。根据第1空前的“My three-year-old son. Nathan, was digging the sand to build a castle.”和“Although I warned him”可知，用沙子建造的城堡会被水冲走。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我警告过他，它会被冲走，但他坚持要在每一个可能撞击海岸的海浪经过的地方建造它。A. crash碰撞，坠毁；B. dance跳舞；C. float漂浮；D. appear出现。此处指海浪会“碰撞”海岸。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我叹了口气，心想让他明白的唯一办法就是按他喜欢

76、的去做，让他看看会发生什么。A. understand明白，理解；B. regret后悔；C. refuse拒绝；D. struggle挣扎，努力，奋斗。根据第3空后的“to do as he liked and let him see what would happen.”可知，作者想让儿子“明白”。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只希望第一波浪潮毁掉他的作品时，他不会太沮丧。A. angry生气的；B. frightened感到害怕的；C. surprised感到吃惊的；D. upset心烦的。根据第4空后的“when that first wave destroyed”

77、可知，儿子的作品毁掉会沮丧。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只希望第一波浪潮毁掉他的作品时，他不会太沮丧A. future未来；B. creation创造；C. world世界；D. gift礼物。根据上文“My three-year-old son. Nathan, was digging the sand to build a castle.”可知，海浪毁掉儿子的创造，即城堡。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道他怎么能忍受自己的劳动成果被毁。A. imagine想象；B. stand忍受，站起来；C. avoid避免；D. gift白给，白送。根据第6空

78、后的“seeing his fruit of labor ruined.”可知，儿子能忍受自己的创造被毁掉，作者感到很好奇。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：海浪冲走城堡真的很好玩吗？A. tools工具；B. clothes衣服；C. shoes鞋；D. castles城堡。根据上文“Nathan, was digging the sand to build a castle.”可知，此处是信息词castles的词汇复现。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看着他，我想起了我在家里的生活。A. pet宠物；B. item项目；C. life生活；D. plan计划。根据

79、下文“were washed away by a giant wave called Family Life.”可知，作者想起家庭“生活”。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在那里所做的一切似乎都不会长久。A. last持续；B. happen发生；C. help帮助；D. exist存在。根据下文“Nothing I did lasted beyond the moment.”可知，作者所做的事情“持续”时间短。故选A。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我拖地板，却看到有人把地板弄脏了，那是他们第一次从后院进来。A. empty空的；B. dirty脏的；C. narro

80、w狭窄的；D. dry干燥的。根据“I mopped floors only to see someone”和“them on their first trip in from the back yard.”可知，此处指把拖过的地板弄脏。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像内森建造的沙堡一样，我所有的努力都被一个叫做家庭生活的巨浪冲走了。A. tears眼泪；B. worries担心；C. feelings情感；D. efforts努力。根据“were washed away by a giant wave called Family Life.”可知，作者付出的努力被冲走了。故

81、选D。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正因为如此，我常常挣扎着感到困惑。A. confused困惑的；B. fancy想象的；C. competitive竞争的；D. unfair不公平的。根据“washed away by a giant wave called Family Life. Nothing I did lasted beyond the moment.”可知，作者感到“困惑”。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我看着孩子快乐地在沙中挖掘时，我意识到我正在建造一件重要的东西，一件将永存的东西。A. lying躺着；B. digging挖；C. rollin

82、g滚动；D. sleeping睡觉。根据上文“My three-year-old son Nathan, was digging the sand to build a castle.”可知，此处指孩子在沙中“挖掘”。故选B。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我看着孩子快乐地在沙中挖掘时，我意识到我正在建造一件重要的东西。一件将永存的东西。A. actual真实的；B. slight轻微的；C. important重要的；D. formal正式的。根据“something that will last forever.”可知，作者意识到自己做的事情是“重要的”。故选C。【35题详解】

83、考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在建立一个家庭。A. protecting保护；B. designing设计；C. building建立；D. creating创造。根据前文“build a castle”可知，作者的儿子在建造沙堡，作者在建造一个“家庭”。故选C。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 prob

84、e (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _36_ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moons far side is _37_ (extreme) challenging. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orb

85、it above the moon in a spot _38_ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular _39_ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so _40_ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard C

86、hange-4 _41_ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it _42_ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _43_ (construct) Data about the moons composition, such as how

87、_44_ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _45_ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【答案】36. touched 37. extremely 38. where 39. interest 40. than 41. to find 42. means 43. is constructed 44. much 45. its【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国

88、无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。【36题详解】.考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从

89、句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比更”。故填than。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。【

90、42题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。【43题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructe

91、d。【44题详解】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。【45题详解】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。第三部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）46. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该

92、加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a

93、lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. Whats most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. Thats our view on hous

94、ework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!【答案】1. dishdishes2. tidyingtidy3. whateverwhenever4. doing前加from5. wasis6. 去掉are7. mostmore8. mentallymental9. ourmy10. hopeshope【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者对于做家务这件事的看法以及做家务会带来的好处。【详解】1. 考查名词单复数。句意：饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语“do the dishes”译为“洗餐具”。故将dish

95、改为dishes。2. 考查动词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。分析句子结构以及并列连词and可知，此处tidy up是并列谓语。根据上文的“water the flowers”可知，句子要使用一般现在时。主语第一人称I，谓语动词用原型。故将tidying改为tidy。3. 考查连词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。根据句意可知，此处表达“有必要时我也会打扫自己的卧室”，所以用whenever(无论何时)引导让步状语从句。故将whatever改为whenever。4. 考查介词。句意：在我看来，学生可以从做家务中受益很多。固定短语“benefit.fr

96、om. ”译为“从中获益”。故在doing前加from。5. 考查时态。句意：首先，做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。根据全文时态可知，本文陈述客观事实需要用一般现在时。主语doing housework为单数，谓语也用单数。故将was改为is。6. 考查动词。句意：同时，这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善了家庭关系。根据句意可知，此处表达“去做他们喜欢的事情”，动词like译为“喜欢”满足句意；所以动词like前的系动词are多余。故删去are。7. 考查固定搭配。句意：此外，做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。固定短语“whats more”译为“此外”。故将m

97、ost改为more。8. 考查形容词。句意：同时，这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善了家庭关系。修饰名词relaxation(放松)需要用形容词。故将mentally改为mental。9. 考查人称代词。句意：这是我对家务的看法。根据全文内容以及句意可知，此处表达“这是我对家务的看法”。故将our改为my。10. 考查祈使句。句意：希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考！分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。第二节：书面表达（满分25分）47. 你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题

98、写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：1. 分析优势与不足；2. 提出学习建议。注意：1. 词数100左右;2. 题目和首句已为你写好。【答案】one possible version:Be smart online learnersNetwork learning has increasingly become an important means for people to acquire knowledge and solve problems.But being smart online learners has its advantages and disadvantages. First o

99、f all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizon. Besides, We can take the initiative in our study by ourselves without time and space limit. Of course, these disadvantages are as follows.Faced with all kinds of information on t

100、he internet, We cant tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful to our study and life. On the other hand, online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be affected.In conclusion , we should have a good understanding of its advantages a

101、nd disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以 Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛。【详解】1. 词汇积累充分利用：make full use of make the most of扩宽,丰富：broaden enrich各种各样： all kinds of varieties of不完美：imperfection defect2. 句式拓展合并简单句原句：In conclusion , we should hav

102、e a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient.拓展句：In conclusion , we should have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages ， finding a proper way to make our study more efficient.【点睛】高分句型1 Faced with all kinds of information on the internet ,We cant tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful to our study and life.（非谓语作状语和which引导的非限制性定语从句）高分句型2On the other hand ,online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be affected.（现在分词作状语）