中考英语专项复习--- 被动语态.docx
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1、被动语态姓名:周 年级:九年级 教师:Jessie课程主题:被动语态+听力口语训练 时间:2021.5教学目标:1. 被动语态的基本构成和用法复习 2. 主动语态和被动语态的句式转化复习 3. 被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时复习 教 学 内 容知识点一 (T- 被动语态 ) 【知识梳理】被动语态的句法功能1. 当不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。e.g.: Japanese is taught in that school. (类似warming up中的“饭吃过了”,英汉说话习惯的相似性)2. 当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。e.g.: Her book wi
2、ll be brought tomorrow morning.看图学知识,来发挥你的潜力吧,找到主动变被动语态的小技巧! 总结:上面例句的小规律: 主动语态变为被动语态的方法:主动语态: 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 (执行者) (承受者)被动语态: 主语 + be + 过去分词(+ by + 执行者) (承受者)一般省略【例题精讲】例1.Children (not allow) to play frightening games.例2.The Great Wall (know) by people all over the world.例3.All the buildings (turn)
3、into hospitals recently.例4.How long can these magazines (keep)?Keys:1.arent allowed 2.is known 3.have been turned 4.be kept【课堂练习】提高题:1.The vegetables (plant) in the fields next week.2.The soldier was very ill when he (operate) on by Dr. Bethune.3.The password of your email box should (memorize).4.Li
4、quids can (turn) into gases if their temperatures (make) hot enough.5.The next morning they (find) that some trees (blow) down during the night.Keys:1.will be plated 2.was operated 3.be memorized 4.turn,are made 5.will find ,will be blown被动语态的构成被动语态的基本结构:be+动词的过去分词各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表(以动词do为例)时态主动语态被动
5、语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are +done一般过去时didwas/were +done现在进行时am/is/are +doingam/is/are +being done现在完成时have/has +donehave/has +been done一般将来时will/shall/be going to +dowill/shall/be going to +be done过去进行时Was/were +doingwas/were+ being done过去完成时had + donehad + been done过去将来时would/should/be going to+ dowoul
6、d/should/be going to +be done含有情态动词can/may/must +docan/may/must+be done主动语态和被动语态的转换1. 主动语态变为被动语态 要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,并由by引导。 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 We asked him to sing an English song. He was asked to sing an English song by us.主动语态:动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者被动
7、语态:动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者批注:主动,主动,主去动;被动,被动,主被动。2带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语; 若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语; 若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to 或for; She gave me a book. (变为被动语态) I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me改为了主语) A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book改为了主语)备注:此语法点应多呈现后接双宾语的动
8、词详细讲解并加强练习。如:tell,lend ,pass,give,buy ,bring , take ,send ,show 等3. 动词短语变为被动语态 许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。 We should speak to old men politely. Old men should be spoken to politely. 4.to的“前世今生”在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,to被省
9、略,但在被动语态中,这个to还要还原。eg. I often hear her sing this popular song .(主动语态)She is often heard to sing this popular song .(被动语态) 有这种用法的常用动词有:一感二听三使四看,主动语态to省略,被动语态to还原。see sb do sth(主动语态)sb be seen to do(被动语态)一感二听三使(使役动词)四看feelhear、listen tomake、let、have (马兰花)see、watch、notice、observe5.初中阶段不使用被动语态的情况A.系动词无
10、被动 The dish tastes delicious. The apple smells sweet. B.某些说明名词本身性质的动词。如wash, write, sell ,read The play reads better than it acts. This kind of cloth washes well.(耐洗) The pen writes smoothly写起来流利。 The book is so interesting that it sells well. “sell”此处为不及物动词“销售起来.” 作及物动词为“卖、出售”)C.Need+V-ing “需要被.” M
11、y car needs repairing. 我的车需要修理D. Tooto句型The box is too heavy to life.E.不及物动词appear, disappear, fail, happen, last, remain, spread, break out, come true, take place, belong to,rise等比较 rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。(错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen. (错) The accident was
12、 happened last week.(对) The accident happened last week. (错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised. 6.系表结构PK被动语态有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态,它们有可能是“系表结构(即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语)。”eg:(1)(2)【例题精讲】例1. Many accidents _by careless drivers last year. A. are causedB. were caused C. have caused D. will cau
13、se 例2.Driving after drinking wine _ in China. A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. isnt allowed 例3.Many trees and flowers _ in our city every year. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted D. plantsKeys:BDB【课堂练习】一、选择题( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C
14、. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton(棉花) _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4. So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C.
15、 has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7. Mary _ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked
16、toB. was asked toC. is askedD. asks to( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D.
17、 was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _
18、well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、 用动词的正确语态填空。1. The students _often _ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.2. That play _(put) on again
19、sometime next month.3. The old man is ill. He _(must send) to the hospital.4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.5. What _ a knife _ (make) of ? It _(make) of metal and wood.6. The room _ (clean) by me every day.7. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already.8. Russian _ (learn) as the s
20、econd language by some students in China in the past.9. The cinema _ (build) in 1985.10. His brother _ (choose) to be the host of a charity show .三、 将下列句子变为被动语态。1. We can finish the work in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an English song. 4. Lucy sent me a New Yea
21、r Card last week. 5. People use metal for making machines. 6. He made me do that for him. 7.I have given this book to the library. 8.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? 9.Well put on an English play in our school. 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. 答案: 一15 BDACC 610 CBBCB 1115 BDBBA
22、二1.are told 2.will be put 3. must be sent 4. are sold 5. is made is made 6. is cleaned 7. have been watered 8. was learnt 9. was built 10. has been chosen三. 1. The work can be finished in two days.2. Silk is produced in Suzhou by them.3. An English song will be sung by the children. 4. A New Year Ca
23、rd was sent to me by Lucy last week.5. Metal is used for making machines.6. I was made to do that for him. 7. This book has been given to the library.8. Was a bridge built here by them a year ago?9. An English play will be put on in our school.10.The light green dresses have been sold out by them. 知
24、识点二 (T- 阅读理解 ) 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 先认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A little boy kept a caterpillar(蝴蝶幼虫)in a large box. One day the caterpillar climbed up a stick and started to create a cocoon(茧). His mother told him the caterpillar was going to go through a(n) 11 and become
25、 a butterfly. The little boy watched every day,waiting for the coming out of the butterfly. One day it happened, a small hole 12 in the cocoon and the butterfly started to struggle(挣扎)to come out. At first the boy was 13 ,but soon he became worried. The butterfly was struggling so hard. But it looke
26、d like it was making no 14 . Hoping to see it out,the boy decided to help. He cut the cocoon with scissors to make the hole 15 and the butterfly quickly flew out. To his surprise, the butterfly had an unexpectedly large body and small wings. He 16 towatch the butterfly, hoping that the wings would b
27、e dry and large to support the huge body. Butnothing happened! It was never able to 17 . The boy tried to 18 what had gone wrong. To help him,his mother took him to talk to ascientist. He 19 that the butterfly was supposed to struggle. Without the struggle,the butterfly would never fly . The boys go
28、od wish 20 the butterfly. As you go through school life,keep in mind that struggling is an important part of any experience for growth. It is the struggle that causes us to develop our ability to fly.11. A. step B. level C. change D. accident12. A. acted B. formed C. remained D. invented13. A. tired
29、 B. excited C. bored D. sad14. A. efforts B. mistakes C. progress D. promise15. A. bigger B. deeper C. smaller D. brighter16. A. remembered B. happened C. started D. continued17. A. climb B. survive C. move D. fly18. A. find out B. try out C. carry out D. break out19. A. forgot B. guessed C. believe
30、d D. learned20. A. killed B. hurt C. satisfied D. circled阅读理解(共12小题;每小题2分,满分24分) 请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Traveling can be a fun way to gain life experiences. But youre a student and dont have enough money for a trip. Dont worry. Here are some useful suggestions. Save; Th
31、is probably is the most important preparation for traveling. Cut expenses to fatten your wallet so youll have more choices about where to go and how to get there. Plan ahead : Dont wait until the last minute to plan your trip. Tickets may cost more whenbought on short notice. Giving yourself several
32、 months to get ready can mean security and savings. Do your homework: No matter where you go , research the places you will visit. Decide what to see. Travel books will provide information on the cheapest hotels and. restaurants. Plan wisely: Write down how much you expect to spend for food and hote
33、ls. Stick to yourplan or you may not have enough money to cover everything. Travel in groups: Find someone who is interested in visiting the same places. By travelingwith others you can share costs and experiences. Work as you go: Need more money to support your trip? Look for work in the places you
34、visit. Be away from tourist cities: Tourist cities may be expensive. You may want to rethink your trip and go to a less-known area. Smaller towns can have many interesting activities and sights. By planning carefully,even students can enjoy- the travel. Your travel experiences will be remembered for
35、 a lifetime.21. Before your trip,the most important thing you should do is . A. to make a plan of the route B. to buy tickets ahead of time C. to save money before your trip D. to get information from the Internet22. The writer advises you . A. to share costs with families B. not to go to well-known
36、 places C. not to visit dangerous places D. to buy anything you want to buyB Any introduction to Peking Opera would not be complete without telling of Mei Lanfang. During his stage life, he combined(融合)the traditions of the past and his own creations,creating a style of his own and giving birth to T
37、he Mei Lanfang School. He was also the first artist to introduce Peking Opera to foreigners, winning international fame(名声)in the world. For half a century, Mei Lanfang was a household name in China. Mei Lanfang began his stage life at the age of 8. His teacher said he showed little hope because of
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