数学公式的英语读法.doc

1、数学公式的英语读法1.Logic there exist for all pq p implies q / if p, then q pq p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent 2.Sets xA x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A xA x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A AB A is contained in B / A is a sub

2、set of B AB A contains B / B is a subset of A AB A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B AB A cup B / A join B / A union B AB A minus B / the diference between A and B AB A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B 3. Real numbers x+1 x plus one x-1 x minus one x1 x plus or minus one xy xy / x multip

3、lied by y (x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y x y x over y = the equals sign x = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5 x5 x (is) not equal to 5 xy x is equivalent to (or identical with) y x y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y x y x is greater than y xy x is greater than or equal to y x y x is les

4、s than y xy x is less than or equal to y 0 1 zero is less than x is less than 1 0x1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 | x | mod x / modulus x x 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2 x 3 x cubed x 4 x to the fourth / x to the power four x n x to the nth / x to the power n x

5、 n x to the (power) minus n x (square) root x / the square root of x x 3 cube root (of) x x 4 fourth root (of) x x n nth root (of) x ( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared ( x y ) 2 x over y all squared n! n factorial x x hat x x bar x x tilde x i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i i=1 n a i the sum

6、from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i 4. Linear algebra x the norm (or modulus) of x OA OA / vector OA OA OA / the length of the segment OA A T A transpose / the transpose of A A 1 A inverse / the inverse of A 这个工作可让学生分组负责收集整理,登在小黑板上,每周一换。要求学生抽空抄录并且阅读成诵。其目的在于扩大学生的知识面,

7、引导学生关注社会,热爱生活,所以内容要尽量广泛一些,可以分为人生、价值、理想、学习、成长、责任、友谊、爱心、探索、环保等多方面。如此下去,除假期外,一年便可以积累40多则材料。如果学生的脑海里有了众多的鲜活生动的材料,写起文章来还用乱翻参考书吗?其实,任何一门学科都离不开死记硬背,关键是记忆有技巧,“死记”之后会“活用”。不记住那些基础知识,怎么会向高层次进军?尤其是语文学科涉猎的范围很广,要真正提高学生的写作水平,单靠分析文章的写作技巧是远远不够的,必须从基础知识抓起,每天挤一点时间让学生“死记”名篇佳句、名言警句,以及丰富的词语、新颖的材料等。这样,就会在有限的时间、空间里给学生的脑海里注

8、入无限的内容。日积月累,积少成多,从而收到水滴石穿,绳锯木断的功效。5. Functions f( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of x f:ST a function f from S to T xy x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y f( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x f( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivat

9、ive of f with respect to x f( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x f (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x f x 1 the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1 2 f x 1 2 the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x

10、1 0 the integral from zero to infinity lim x0 the limit as x approaches zero lim x 0 + the limit as x approaches zero from above lim x 0 the limit as x approaches zero from below log e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y lny log y to the base e / log to the base e of

11、y / natural log (of) y唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。