2022版新教材高中英语 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE Section Ⅱ Learning About Language基础训练（含解析）新人教版选择性必修第三册.docx

1、Learning About Language. 单句语法填空1.Under the guidance (guide) of modern science and rational spirit, the human society makes continuous progress.2.Watching TV takes the place of similar sorts of recreations (recreational), such as listening to the radio and playing sports.3.His eyes were drawn to an o

2、ld picture of a young man in a rugby (橄榄球运动) uniform.4.Miss Parrish recently placed an advertisement (advertise) in the local newspaper.5. Roughly (rough) speaking, we receive about fifty letters a week on the subject.6.Try to make a hole in the damp (潮湿的) area to increase the water catchers product

3、ivity.7.As the saying goes, barking (bark) dogs dont bite.8.I am planning a 25th birthday party for my nephew (侄子).9.More and more corporations (corporate) are taking an interest in social responsibility.10.He became a navigator (navigate) during the war.11.She has always remained loyal (忠诚的) to her

4、 political principles.12.After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates (candidate) and survived the test alone.13.It has a built-in electric motor (马达) which can open or close the umbrella on demand.14.Listening is thus an active, not a passive behavior co

5、nsisting (consist) of hearing, understanding and remembering.15.Salisbury sent him on a diplomatic mission （使命） to North America.16.She gets very bad-tempered （易怒的） when shes very tired.17.You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly: those are the two alternatives （alternative）.18.Would now

6、be a suitable （suit） moment to discuss my report?. 句型转换1.No matter what the cost may be, we shall defend our country. （疑问词+-ever） Whatever the cost may be , we shall defend our country.2.If it had not been your support and encouragement, I would not have succeeded. （含蓄虚拟语气） Without your support and

7、encouragement , I would not have succeeded.3.The problem has been solved. The problem is whether we should continue to do the experiment. （同位语从句）The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.4.The man jumped down from the horse. （完全倒装结构） Down jumped the man from the hor

8、se.5.His elder sister happens to be a good friend of mine. （it happens that） It happens that his elder sister is a good friend of mine.6.He will never change his mind. （There is a chance that） There is no chance that he will change his mind.7.Our monitor is so nice a man that we all believe him. （部分

9、倒装结构） So nice a man is our monitor that we all believe him.8.I sat at a table, explaining every step of the process, while I was making tea. （状语从句的省略）I sat at a table, explaining every step of the process, while making tea . 完成句子1.在化学老师的指导下, 试验进行得很顺利。（under the guidance of） Under the guidance of the

10、 chemistry teacher , the experiment went smoothly.2.发生了什么事？这只狗不停地叫了一个小时。（bark; 现在完成进行时）Whats wrong? The dog has been barking non-stop for an hour.3.他们下定决心要减掉圣诞节期间增加的全部体重。（make a resolution）They made a resolution to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas holidays.4.吉姆说只要我们保持房子干净整洁, 我们可以住在他的房

11、子里。（as long as）Jim says we can stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .5.我们一定是走错路了, 因为道路变窄了。（must have done） We must have taken the wrong road , because the road becomes narrow.素养综合练. 阅读理解A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurleys p

12、ictures would be outstanding-undoubtedly first-rate photojournalism-if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them taken after a disastrous shipwreck(失事的船), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in

13、an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea. From

14、 that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dogsled (狗拉的雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caro

15、line Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scotts last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the worlds imagination, and a film made in his honour drew crowds. Shackle

16、ton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctica, was hired to make th

17、e images, most of which have never been published before.1.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A.They were made last week.B.They showed undersea sceneries.C.They were found by a cameraman.D.They recorded a disastrous adventure.2.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A.F

18、rank Hurley.B.Ernest Shackleton.C.Robert Falcon Scott.D.Caroline Alexander.3.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A.Artistic creation.B.Scientific research.C.Money making.D.Treasure hunting.答案：1.D 解析：1.语篇解读澳大利亚摄影师Frank Hurley于1914年前往南极并拍摄了一些出色的照片, 记录和见证了一次不成功的南极航海之行, 多年后这些冰封于

19、失事船体中的照片被发现。【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段第二句“In fact, they were shotreasonable expectation of survival.”可知, Hurley拍摄的照片记录了一次灾难性的冒险。故选D项。答案：2.C 解析：2.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912”可知, Scott是1912年初到达南极的, 结合第二段及第四段的内容可知, 这四个人中最早到达南极的是Robert Falcon Scott。故选C

20、项。答案：3.C 解析：3.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据最后一段第一句“adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.”及倒数第二句“started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money”可知, Alexander认为1914年的这次航行是为了挣钱。故选C项。深度解析词汇积累1. outstanding adj.杰出的 2. first-rate adj.第一流的; 优等的3. forceful adj.强有力的; 有说服力的 4. commercial a

21、dj.商业的; 贸易的难句分析原句：Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctica, was hired to make the images, most of which have never been published before.Frank Hurley是一位自信、有天赋且了解南极的澳大利亚摄影师。他受雇去拍摄照片, 而此次拍摄的大部分照片以前从来没有被公开过。分析：本句为主从复合句。Frank Hurley was hired to make the image

22、s为本句的主干部分。a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctica为Frank Hurley的同位语, 其中who引导定语从句, 修饰先行词photographer; most of which have never been published before为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词images。. 语法填空A（2020河北沧州泊头一中高二月考）Did you grow up in one culture, your parents came from another, and

23、 you are now living in a 1 （total） different country? If so, then you are a third-culture kid.The term “third-culture kid” 2 （use） in the 1960s for the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came across this phenomenon while 3 （research） North American children living in India. In general, third-culture

24、kids benefit 4 their intercultural experience and they often reach excellent academic results.Yet many 5 （difficulty） may arise from this phenomenon. Third-culture kids may not be able to adapt 6 （they） completely to their new surroundings. Also, they often find it hard 7 （develop） new friendships.

25、Additionally, for a third-culture kid, it is often 8 （easy） to move to a new country than to return to his homeland. For example, after living in Australia for many years, Louise finally returned to the country 9 she was born. She didnt know anything about current TV shows 10 fashion trends. And she

26、 didnt share the same values as other teens of her age.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案：1.totally 解析：1.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐释了父母来自一个国家, 在另外一个国家长大, 现在又生活在另一个完全不同的国家的“第三文化”孩子所面临的优势和困境。考查副词。此处修饰形容词different, 故用副词。答案：2.was used 解析：2.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该句的时间状语为in the 1960s, 需用一般过去时, term与use之间为被动关系, 需用被动语态, t

27、erm为单数形式, 故填was used。答案：3.researching 解析：3.考查非谓语动词。research与主语She之间为主动关系, 故填researching。答案：4.from 解析：4.考查介词。benefit from从中受益。答案：5.difficulties 解析：5.考查名词复数。空前有many 修饰, 故用difficulty的复数形式。答案：6.themselves 解析：6.考查反身代词。adapt oneself to使自己适应答案：7.to develop 解析：7.考查非谓语动词。该句中it 为形式宾语, 故用不定式作真正的宾语。答案：8.easier

28、解析：8.考查形容词比较级。后文有than, 故填比较级。答案：9.where 解析：9.考查定语从句引导词。此处指她又回到了她出生的国家, 从句缺少状语, 先行词为country, 故填where。答案：10.or 解析：10.考查连词。由句意可知, 她对于现在的电视节目或潮流趋势都不太了解。故填or。B（2021江西鹰潭高二上学期期末质量检测）Do you feel a little weak today? If so, put on your game face. Game face is a look of great determination on the face of a ga

29、me player.Game face is a kind of 1 （face） expression, which can positively influence personal determination in overcoming challenges. But there was little scientific evidence 2 （prove） game face really helped people handle physical or mental challenges.So expert Richesin and several 3 （colleague） di

30、d some research. They designed two tests, both of 4 were simple to carry out. For the first time, they asked 62 people to put hands in ice-cold water for a few minutes. The second experiment required participants to figure out 5 puzzle.For each experiment, the participants 6 （divide） in half. One gr

31、oup was told to keep their expressions serious and determined. The other group was permitted 7 （let） their faces do whatever their faces felt like doing in the moment.What was the result? The crowd 8 serious and determined expressions, not only performed, on average, about 20% 9 （well）, but also rec

32、overed from stress more effectively.“Our study shows making your game face indeed has the potential for improving performance. So go ahead and try one on,” Richesin said in a 10 （conclude）.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案：1.facial 解析：1.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。研究发现像运动员那样表现出坚定的表情能够表现得更好, 而且能更有效地从压力中恢复。考查形容词。根据空

33、后名词expression（表情）可知此处应填入形容词作定语, 修饰expression。故填facial。答案：2.proving 解析：2.考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知was为句子的谓语, prove应用作非谓语动词, evidence与prove 之间是主动关系, 所以应填入现在分词形式作evidence的后置定语, 故填proving。答案：3.colleagues 解析：3.考查名词的数。colleague是可数名词, 根据前面的several可知填colleagues。答案：4.which 解析：4.考查定语从句。分析句子可知, 设空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词是tests,

34、指物, 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中, 所修饰的先行词指物, 只能用which。故填which。答案：5.a 解析：5.考查冠词。puzzle是可数名词, 在此处表示泛指, 且puzzle发音以辅音音素开头, 应使用不定冠词a修饰。答案：6.were divided 解析：6.考查时态和语态。由语境可知此处描述的是过去的实验, 故用一般过去时; participants与divide之间是被动关系, 故应用被动语态。主语the participants 为复数, 故填were divided。答案：7.to let 解析：7.考查非谓语动词。be permitted to do被允许做某事。故填to let。答案：8.with 解析：8.考查介词。表示“具有”某种表情, 应用介词with。答案：9.better 解析：9.考查副词比较级。此处是实验结果对比, 具有坚定面部表情的参加者表现得要好点, 用比较级, 故填better。答案：10.conclusion 解析：10.考查名词。根据前面的冠词a可知, 需填conclude的名词形式。故填conclusion。