新教材2020-2021学年英语外研版选择性必修第四册教用文档：UNIT 5 INTO THE UNKNOWN 预习新知早知道1 WORD版含解析.doc

1、.匹配词义A单词匹配()1.intrigueAn.气旋；旋风()2.pyramidBn.金字塔()3.astronomy Cn.衰败()4.tropicalDadj.来自热带的；产于热带的()5.cyclone Ev.(因奇特或神秘而)激起的兴趣，引起的好奇心()6.downfall Fn.天文学()7.megadrought Gn.超级干旱答案15EBFDA67CGB短语匹配()1.fall into ruinA相当于()2.make a discoveryB收回()3.correspond to C做出发现；发现()4.take backD将应用于()5.apply.to. E(因无人照料

2、而)衰落，败落答案15ECABD.默写单词1civilisation n文明(社会)2bury v. 将埋在下面3canal n. 运河4ruin n. 残垣断壁，废墟5abandon v. 离弃，逃离6dismiss v. 拒绝考虑，否定7.expansion n. 扩大；增加.语境填词astronomy；dismiss；expansion；abandon；civilisation；was buried；canal；ruin1The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and civilisation2The truth

3、 has been buried in her memory since then.3Astronomy is the scientific study of the sun，moon，stars，planets，etc.4A canal is a passage dug in the ground for boats and ships to travel along.5The old mill is now little more than a ruin6The cold weather forced us to abandon going out.7I think we can safe

4、ly dismiss their objections.8Despite the difficulties the company is confident of further expansion.语法填空之派生词1Hunger and drought led to the collapse of Mayan civilisation(civilise)a millennium ago.2The child was found abandoned(abandon)but unharmed.3The buildings were in a ruinous (ruin)condition.4Ex

5、pansionism(expansion)was advocated by many British politicians in the late 19th century.5There are no previous statistics for comparison(compare)6They questioned the accuracy(accurate)of the information in the file.7The test can accurately (accurate)predict what a bigger explosion would do.8Her dism

6、issal(dismiss)of the threats seemed irresponsible.1Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。2.Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery i

7、n the 19th century.自19世纪被重新发现以来，玛雅文明一直被神秘所笼罩。3What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.这些复杂建筑的最不寻常之处是它们如何在不使用轮子、金属工具甚至动物运输的情况下建成的。4On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that t

8、ime：a true writing system.除这些之外还有一个当时美洲独一无二的成就：一个真正的文字系统。5Its oncegreat cities fell into ruin，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.它曾经辉煌的城市都毁灭了，留下了各种各样的谜团让后人去解开。词汇积累intrigue v（因奇特或神秘而）激起的兴趣，引起的好奇心make a discovery做出发现；发现comparison n比较；对比；相比correspond to相当于；相符合be based on.以为基础spot n斑点；污

9、迹 v看见；发现dismiss v拒绝考虑，否定extend v使伸长；扩大；扩展impressive adj.令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的 impression n印象 impress v使钦佩；使敬仰；给留下深刻的好印象representative adj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表；销售代表extraordinary adj.意想不到的；令人惊奇的apply A to B 把A应用到Baccurate adj.正确无误的；精确的accuracy n准确(性)；精确(程度)character n(人、集体的)品质，性格；(地方的)特点，特性；(事物、事件或地方的)特点，特征，特色syllable

10、 n音节interpret v诠释；说明primitive adj.原始的；远古的abandon v离弃，逃离decline v减少，衰弱；谢绝；婉言拒绝take back退回；退还；归还；收回，撤回(所说的话或想法)claim v宣称；声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领；索要collapse v(突然)倒塌，坍塌；(尤指因病重而)倒下，昏倒，晕倒；(尤指工作劳累后)坐下，躺下放松conflict n冲突；争执indicate v表明；显示；象征play a part in 贡献力量；起作用landscape n(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景，景色unknowingly adv.未意识到地；不知不

11、觉地；无意中lead to 导致；通向far 修饰形容词的比较级be likely to do sth.可能做某事at different rates以不同的速度fall into ruin毁灭；毁坏meanwhileat the sLame time in the meanwhile 与此同时原文呈现The Mysteries of THE MAYAIntrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age，15yearold Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible d

12、iscovery from his study of ancient star charts.Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.Although his theory has been dismissedby scholar

13、s，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.11该句是复合句。Although.by scholars是让步状语从句。It isnt difficult to see why.Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America，Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in

14、the 19th century.The Maya built impressive palaces and temples，including their representative step pyramids.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.2The Mayas understanding of mathematics and astronom

15、y was also quite amazing.They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time：a true writing system.It contained more than 800 characters，with some signs representing animals，pe

16、ople and objects and others representing syllables.It was a writing system so complicated that，so far，no one has been able to interpret it completely.2此处what引导的是主语从句，how引导的是表语从句。The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.3Bu

17、t the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.By 700 AD，Maya civilisation was at its peak.Yet，within just a couple of generations，it began to mysteriously decline.The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle.When Europeans arrived in Central Ameri

18、ca in the early 16th century to claim its riches，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.3该句中的that引导的是同位语从句，说明了the fact的具体内容。Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.Was it a natural disaster? A deadly disease? Conflicts between cities? Or was it a combination of several

19、different factors？Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall4They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains，and had dug huge canal systems.As their population expanded，yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for c

20、onstruction.By changing the landscape in this way，it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.4画线部分为that引导的宾语从句，作indicate的宾语。Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.Some recent studies have f

21、ound that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD.This is likely to have led to a series of droughts，each lasting for a couple of years，including a “megadrought”around 900 AD.Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation b

22、egan to collapse at different rates in different places5These droughts would have led to food shortages，conflicts and，ultimately，the downfall of the cities.5画线部分是that引导的宾语从句，作believe的宾语，其中why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the main reason。Whatever the reasons，Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle

23、.Its oncegreat cities fell into ruin，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve6. Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future.6画线部分是现在分词短语，在句中作结果状语。译文参考玛雅人的奥秘15岁的加拿大人威廉加杜里(William Gadoury)从小就对玛雅文明很感兴趣，他认为自己从研究古代星图中获得了一个不

24、可思议的发现。通过比较，他发现117个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。基于此，他相信他发现了一个埋在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。不难理解为什么。从我们现在所知的墨西哥南部延伸到美洲中部，自19世纪被重新发现以来，玛雅文明一直被神秘所笼罩。玛雅人建造了令人印象深刻的宫殿和寺庙，包括他们代表性的阶梯金字塔。这些复杂建筑的最不寻常之处是它们如何在不使用轮子、金属工具甚至动物运输的情况下建成的。玛雅人对数学和天文学的理解也相当惊人。他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年30秒以内。除这些之外还有一个当时美洲

25、独一无二的成就：一个真正的文字系统。它包含800多个字符，其中一些符号代表动物、人和物体，另一些则代表音节。这是一个非常复杂的文字系统，到目前为止，还没有人能够完全理解它。玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加不可思议和神秘。但最神秘的是什么导致玛雅人遗弃了他们大部分的大城市。到公元700年，玛雅文明达到了顶峰。然而，仅仅几代人之后，它就开始神秘地衰落。城市被丛林夺回了。当欧洲人在16世纪初来到中美洲索要其财富时，剩下的玛雅人就住在小的定居点里。玛雅文明为何崩溃仍是个谜。是自然灾害吗？是致命的疾病吗？是城市之间的冲突吗？或者是几个不同因素的综合作用吗？一些研究似乎表明，玛雅人自己可能在他

26、们的垮台中起了一定的作用。他们把湿地变成了种植粮食的田地，他们挖了巨大的运河系统。并且随着人口的增长，更多的土地需要用于农业，更多的树木需要用于建设。通过这种方式改变地貌，有可能是玛雅人在不知不觉中降低了应对自然灾害的能力。研究还表明，这些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅人的衰落。最近的一些研究发现，公元700年到1000年之间，热带气旋的数量比平时少得多。这很可能导致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持续了几年，其中包括公元900年左右的一次“超级干旱”。许多科学家认为，这些干旱是玛雅文明在不同地方开始以不同速度崩溃的主要原因。这些干旱将导致粮食短缺、冲突，最终导致城市的崩溃。不管是什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在丛林深处。它曾经辉煌的城市都毁灭了，留下了各种各样的谜团让后人去解开。同时，这个文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。