新教材2021-2022学年人教版英语选择性必修第三册学案：UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 突破 语法大冲关 WORD版含解析.doc

1、直接引语和间接引语观察例句1“I dont know the address of my new home，” said Anne.Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.2Mother said to Tom，“I will come back home this evening.”Mother told Tom that she would go back home that evening.3“I have never been to Beijing with my parents，” said Jack to

2、his friend.Jack told his friend that he had never been to Beijing with his parents.4“Does a friend always have to be with each other？” Mary asked Lily.Mary asked Lily if/whether a friend always has to be with each other.归纳用法直接引语如果变为间接引语，须在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。1连接词的选择(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变

3、成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.”小男孩说：“我在玩我的玩具，这时有人敲门。”(直接引语为陈述句)The little boy said(that)he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.小男孩说，他在玩他的玩具，那时有人敲门。(间接引语为that引导的宾语从句)(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反义疑问句时，间接引语中用w

4、hether(.or.或.or not)或if引导。Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”妈妈对她的女儿说：“你对你的新房间满意吗？”(直接引语为一般疑问句)Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.妈妈问她女儿是否对她的新房间满意。(间接引语改为whether/if引导的宾语从句)(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来

5、进行。“When will the sports meet be held？”he said.他说：“什么时候举行运动会？”(直接引语为特殊疑问句)He asked when the sports meet would be held.他问什么时候举行运动会。(间接引语改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句)名师点津(1)直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为told sb.。(2)直接引语是疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。(3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。即学即练1将直接引语变换为间接引语The pa

6、tient asked，“Is Dr.Li at the hospital？”The patient asked whether/if Dr.Li was at the hospital.“Who lost the key to the room？”asked Miss Green.Miss Green asked who had lost the key to the room.2人称的变化记忆口诀一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰。从句中的

7、人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”玛丽说，“我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。”Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说，“你向谁请了假？”Her coll

8、eague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。(3)“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.”工人们说：“领导经常让工人们加班。”The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.工人们说领导经常让工人们加班。

9、即学即练2将直接引语变换为间接引语John said，“Tomorrow Im going to attend this party.”John said (that) the next day he was going to attend that party.She said，“I worked in Shanghai three years ago.”She said (that) she had worked in Shanghai three years before.3时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时句子时态变化如下表：直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行

10、时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时)The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.”组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)The organ

11、izer said that they had begun their plan.组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)名师点津直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化的情况：(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时；(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变；(3)主句的谓语时态为现在进行时态。即学即练3将直接引语变换为间接引语My mother said，“The door isnt locked.”My mother said that the door wasnt lockedThe patient said，“The doctors

12、 have discussed the mysterious disease.”The patient said (that) the doctors had discussed the mysterious disease.Tom said，“I am reading in my room.”Tom said that he was reading in his room.4指示词、状语及动词的变化指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe

13、next(following)daylast month(week)the month(week)beforenext month(week)the next month(week)the day beforeyesterdaytwo days before地点状语herethere动词comegobringtake5当祈使句作直接引语表示要求和命令时，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.的形式。“Follow his instructions，”she said to me.She told me to follow his instructions.她

14、告诉我要听他的指令。6若直接引语中祈使句是否定形式，变间接引语时，不定式符号to前要加not或never。She said，“Dont make so much noise，children！”She told the children not to make so much noise.她告诉孩子们不要制造这么多噪音。7当直接引语为表示建议、提议的祈使句或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句时，多采用“suggestdoing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should动词原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/want

15、sb.to do”等结构。Jack said，“Lets go to the cinema tonight.”Jack suggested that we should go to the cinema that night.Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.那天晚上杰克建议我们去看电影。8如果直接引语部分是感叹句，改为间接引语时，引导词可以用该感叹句的感叹词(即what或how)引导，也可以用that引导。She said，“What a lovely day it is！”She said what a lovely day

16、 it was.她说天气不错。9若直接引语中的一般疑问句是由表示委婉语气的would，could等构成的疑问句，转换为间接引语时句子的谓语动词常用asked。“Can you lend me two yuan？”he asked me.He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.他问我是否能借给他两元钱。即学即练4将直接引语变换为间接引语She cried，“What a crazy idea you have！”She cried what a crazy idea I had.I asked my roommate，“Would you mind tu

17、rning the music down？”I asked my roommate to turn the music down.单句语法填空1She said that their train would arrive (arrive) in five minutes.2My mother asked me whether/if I had finished the homework.3Tom told me that he would help me with my English the next day.4The teacher told the boys and girls that

18、 the sun rises(rise) in the east.5The old man asked my brother what he had done(do) there the day before.6The little girl told him that she had watched(watch) the wonderful football match the month before.7She said that she was writing(write) a letter when he knocked at the door.8She told me that sh

19、e had broken(break) my CD player because of carelessness. 9This morning he said that he would leave for Beijing tomorrow.10He asked us how many car factories had been built(build) in our country by the end of last year.短文语法填空Li Hua told me 1.that he 2.had had(have) a talk with his father two days be

20、fore. His father asked him 3. what he wanted to be and 4.if/whether hed like to be a lawyer. Li Hua told his father that there 5.would be an exam 6.the next week and he didnt know how many times he 7.had failed (fail) and 8.that he could catch up with others. His father told him that failure 9.is (be) the mother of success. At last，Li Hua hoped that his father 10.would (will) not give him too much pressure from then on.