新教材2021-2022学年北师大版英语必修第一册学案：UNIT 1 LIFE CHOICES SECTION_Ⅲ GRAMMAR ——动词不定式 WORD版含答案.doc

1、Section_Grammar 动词不定式探究发现Its important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media.Its so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term.My target is to pr

2、epare myself for my degree in biology at university.My aim is to do well in every subject this term.I often use the time to review English words.To achieve all I want, I must use my time well.Li Ying is the first person to join the volunteering club in her class. My mum keeps telling me to go out wi

3、th my school friends instead.我的发现1句、中动词不定式短语在句中作真正的主语；it作形式主语。2句中动词不定式短语在句中作宾语。3句、中动词不定式短语在句中作表语。4句、中动词不定式短语在句中作状语。5句中动词不定式短语在句中作定语。6句中动词不定式短语在句中作宾语补足语。一、语法图解二、语法突破动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to动词原形”，其中to是动词不定式的符号。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式是在to前加not。不定式具有动词的特征，与其后面的名词等构成不定式短语；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补

4、足语、定语、状语。(一)动词不定式的三种主要结构模式1带to或不带to：(to) do sthOur teacher asks us to be grateful to our parents.老师告诉我们要感恩父母。I saw a stranger enter our community.我看见一个陌生人进了我们社区。He told me not to move until he finished the drawing.他告诉我等到他画完了画我再动。2疑问词不定式：how/when/whatto do sth这一结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语等，常可转换成一个由该疑问词引导的从句。He t

5、old us what to do.(He told us what we should do.)他告诉我们该做些什么。3动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构为“for/of名词/代词(宾格)动词不定式”，常用于“It is/was形容词for/ofsb不定式”这一句型中。当句中的形容词修饰动词不定式时，用介词for；修饰sb时，用介词of。It is important for him to attend every day.他每天都要出席，这很重要。It is kind of you to help me with my English.你帮我学英语真是太好了。即时演练1句型转换I d

6、ont know when we will hold the meeting.I dont know when to_hold the meeting.We made him work five hours a day.He was made to_work five hours a day.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.The box is too heavy for me to_carry.(二)动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态的形式见下表：时态主动被动意义例句一般式to doto be done不定式表示的动作与谓语表示的动

7、作同时或先后发生Im glad to see you.我很高兴见到你。进行式to bedoing谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行He pretended to be reading a book when I came in.当我进来的时候他假装正在读书。完成式to have doneto havebeen done不定式表示的动作先于谓语表示的动作We seem to have met each other before.我们好像以前见过面。即时演练2用所给动词的正确形式填空She seems to have_heard (hear) about this matter

8、.He was said to have_been_told (tell) about the news.The weather seems to_be_improving (improve) now.Lets go for a picnic.(三)动词不定式的用法1不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语，表示特指的一次性的具体动作。To say is one thing；to do is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。(2)为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式(短语)放在句末。It is not easy to learn English well.

9、学好英语不容易。It is nice not to be dependent on them.不依靠他们是好的。即时演练3句型转换To get up early is a good habit.It_is a good habit to_get_up_early.It is difficult to speak a foreign language well.To_speak_a_foreign_language_well_is difficult.It is necessary to remember enough words.To_remember_enough_words_is nece

10、ssary.2不定式作表语(1)不定式作表语一般表示具体的动作，特别是表示将来的动作。My wish is to join the army after graduation.我的愿望是毕业后参军。(2)如果主语的中心词是aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, wish等，或是以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对其作补充说明。His job is to feed animals.他的工作是喂养动物。即时演练4补全句子My work is to_clean_the_room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。His dream is

11、to_be_a_doctor.他的梦想是当一名医生。It seems to_be_an_interesting_book.它看起来是本有趣的书。3不定式作宾语(1)有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有：like，want，try，begin，decide，ask，forget，promise，hope，love, offer, refuse，wish等。She longed to go back to her hometown.她渴望返回家乡。(2)动词不定式在介词but, other than后面时，如果介词前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。W

12、e could do nothing but/other than wait.除了等待我们别无他法。(3)作宾语的不定式如果带有自己的补足语，则须用it 作形式宾语，而将不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之后。常用句型： 主语find/feel/think/believe/consider/makeitadj./n.to do sthI find it useful to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有用。记忆口诀常见的只能用动词不定式作宾语的动词决心，学会，想，希望(determine/decide，learn，want，hope/expect/wish)拒绝，

13、设法，愿，假装(refuse, manage, care, pretend)主动，答应，选，计划(offer, promise, choose, plan)同意，请求，帮一帮(agree, beg, help)即时演练5补全句子He agreed to_help_us.他同意帮助我们。We finally decided to_stay where we were.我们最终决定待在原地。We all hope to_see_the_great_musician.我们都希望见到那位伟大的音乐家。I find it hard to_get_along_with_him.我发现与他相处是件难事。We

14、 thought it_wrong_to_tell_her.我们认为告诉她是错误的。4不定式作宾语补足语(1)常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise，allow，ask，tell，teach，encourage，cause等。The teacher encouraged us to write a composition every week.老师鼓励我们每周写一篇作文。(2)感官动词和使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式需带to。常见的上述词有：一感：feel；二听：listen to，hear；三使：let，have，make；四看：see，

15、watch，notice，observe等。另外，help后作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可有可无。图解助记I saw him go upstairs just now.我刚才看见他上楼了。He was seen to go upstairs just now.有人看见他刚才上楼了。名师点津下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语，例如be said/reported/believed/ considered to等。Our football team is reported to have won the match.据报道，我们的足球队赢得了这场比赛。即时演练6补全句子My boss told me_

16、to_type_out two letters.我的老板让我打两封信。I didnt expect you_to_arrive here so soon.我没有料到你会来得这么快。Please remind me_not_to_be_late_for the meeting.请提醒我开会不要迟到。He asked me_to_talk_about English study.他请我谈谈英语学习。5不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语，与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。Hes always the first one to get up.(主谓关系)他总是第一个起床。Please give

17、me something to drink.(动宾关系)请给我点喝的。名师点津动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，使其成为及物的动词短语。Because the room was very crowded, I needed a tall bench to stand on.因为房间里很拥挤，我需要一条高板凳站上去。He wanted to find a new house to live in.他想找一所新房子住。(2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级the first，the last等修饰，

18、且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。He is the best man to do the job.他是做这份工作的最佳人选。(3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity等。They failed in their attempt to reach there before five oclock.他们试图在五点钟以前到达那里，但失败了。即时演练7补全句子This is the key _to_open_the

19、_front_door.这是开前门的钥匙。Here is some paper for you to_write_on.这是一些纸，你可以在上面写字。He was always the_first_to_come and the_last_to_leave.他总是第一个来，最后一个走。6不定式作状语不定式作状语主要有三种情况：(1)目的状语。in order to和so as to是不定式作目的状语的正式用法，其中so as to不可置于句首。In order to finish the work in time, we work late into the night every day.为

20、了能及时完成任务，我们每天工作到深夜。(2)结果状语。通常有句型：too .to do sth; .enough to do sth; only to do sth。I walked all the way from home to the library，only to find it closed.我从家一直步行到图书馆，结果发现它关门了。名师点津不定式短语表示结果时，常与only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。(3)原因状语。主要放在表示喜怒哀乐(glad, pleased，sad, worried, sorrow, excited等)的情感的词汇之后。She seemed surprised

21、 to meet us.遇见我们，她看起来有点惊讶。即时演练8补全句子She came to_see_me yesterday.她昨天来看我了。She arrived early to_get_a_good_seat.她到得很早，为的是得到一个好座位。I hurried to his house, only to_find him out.我急急忙忙赶到他家，结果却发现他不在家。维度一基础题型练单句语法填空1Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to_talk (talk) over what is bothering t

22、hem.2To_learn (learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.3There were many talented actors out there just waiting to_be_discovered_(discover)4If you are the last student to_leave (leave) the room，remember to turn off the lights.5With so many t

23、hings to_deal (deal) with, I have to work late into the night.6I am sorry to_give (give) you so much trouble.And thank you for your help.7The doctor told the child to_eat (eat) less and sleep more.8They were made to_work (work) twenty hours every day.9I do not know what to do and where to go.10The b

24、est way to_improve (improve) your English is to_join (join) an English club.维度二语法与写作补全句子1She got up early to_catch_the_early_bus.她起得很早，为的就是赶上早班车。2I strongly advise you not_to_do_this.我强烈建议你不要这样做。3I arrived at the shop only_to_find_Id_left_all_my_money at home.我到商店却发现钱全落在家里了。4He is not the kind of ma

25、n to_do_such_things.他不可能是做这种事的人。5It_is_convenient_for_us to be able to use computers.能够使用电脑对我们来说很方便。6The purpose of education is to_develop_a_fine_personality in children.教育的目的是培养儿童良好的品格。维度三语段练习用动词不定式的适当形式填空In Henan Province and Shandong Province, China, the senior high school life is extremely toug

26、h and boring.Parents count on their children 1.to_be_admitted (admit) into key universities.As a result, higher grades mean everything, and selfcontrol is very important 2.to_succeed (succeed)Some are begged 3.to_work (work) hard; some are forbidden 4.to_watch (watch) TV.5To_conclude (conclude), people here spare no efforts 6.to_defeat (defeat) others and 7.to_get (get) high marks comes first.8