新教材2021-2022学年外研版英语必修第三册学案：UNIT 1 KNOWING MEKNOWING YOU 突破 语法大冲关 WORD版含解析.doc

1、过去分词作状语观察例句1Treated this way，youre sure to feel hurt.2Approached in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired.3Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.4Lost in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound!5The signal given，the bus started.6When given a medical examination，you shou

2、ld keep calm.归纳用法一、过去分词作状语的基本用法1过去分词作状语的功能过去分词作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎同时发生的，有时先于谓语动词的动作发生；其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。Built thirty years ago，the house looks very beautiful.虽然这座房子是30年前建造的，但是它看起来很漂亮。He walked slowly in the forest，followed by a dog.他在森林里慢慢地走着，一条狗跟着他。2过去分词作状语的类型过去分词作状语

3、时，可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状况。过去分词作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。3过去分词作状语的位置过去分词作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中。状语类型例句原因Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。条件Given more time，we could do it much better.

4、If we were given more time，we could do it much better.如果多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。让步Wounded，the brave soldier continued to fight.Although he was wounded，the brave soldier continued to fight.尽管受伤了，那位勇敢的士兵仍然继续战斗。时间Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last.After they were discussed many times，the pr

5、oblems were settled at last.多次讨论之后，这些问题终于解决了。方式The old man walked into the room，supported by his sonThe old man walked into the room and was supported by his son.这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。伴随Mrs.Wu came in，followed by her daughterMrs.Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter.吴太太走了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。名师点津过去分词兼有动

6、词、副词和形容词的特征。 过去分词(短语)作状语时，表示被动的或已完成的动作，在句中可作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等状语，一般都有逗号同其他成分隔开，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 1逻辑关系 现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。He went out，shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。 Not knowing what to do，he went to his parent

7、s for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Given more encouragement，the boy could have behaved better.如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。(3)部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动和完成。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stat

8、ioned(驻扎)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、 born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。 Lost/Absorbed/Buried in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。 Born in this beautiful town，he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。2时间概念 过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。 现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同

9、时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其他情况下通常被过去分词替换，使句式更简洁。Written in a hurry，this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 Reading carefully，he found something he hadnt known before.他仔细读书时，发

10、现了一些从前不知道的东西。 Having finished his homework，he went home.完成了作业，他就回家了。 Having been discussed several times，the decision was finally made.进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。即时训练改写下列句子1Because he was caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.2Although the book has been published many tim

11、es，the book still sells well in the market.Although published many times，the book still sells well in the market.3Though he was defeated，he remained a popular boxer.Though defeated，he remained a popular boxer.4Once it is visited，the city will never be forgotten.Once visited，the city will never be fo

12、rgotten.5If we are united，we stand；if we are divided，we fall.United，we stand；divided，we fall.单句语法填空1Influenced(influence)by his father，he fell in love with literature.2He stood there silently，moved (move) to tears.3Time，used(use) correctly，is the money in the bank so we should cherish every second.4

13、Offered (offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.5Separated (separate) from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many animals and plants not found in any other countries in the world.6Generally speaking，if taken (take) according to the direction

14、s，the drug has no side effect.7Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using (use) the sun and the stars.8Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.9Children，when accompanied (accompany) by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.1

15、0There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring (stare) at the night sky. .短文语法填空Have you ever thought about the best meal ever 1.eaten (eat)? For many people，it isnt just about the quality of the food；its also about great memories of a particular vacation

16、or the person it was shared 2.withWhen 3.asked (ask)，100 famous chefs from around the world told us 4.what their best meals were，and we got some 5.interesting (interest) answers.As the researchers expected，30% of the chefs 6.surveyed (survey) said that their best meal as a kid was still what they li

17、ked the most as an adult.20% 7.considered (consider) a meal in a fancy restaurant as the best one in their lives，and another 10% said that a meal while they were on vacation with their wife or husband was the best of all time.15% said that a simple meal often 8.cooked (cook) at home ranked 9.higher(high) than any other meal，and the same number said that their best dish was something they made at the place where they worked.10.Surprisingly (surprising)，10% of these chefs said that their favorite meal of their entire lives was at a fast food restaurant！