2023届新教材高考英语全程一轮复习 第二讲 非谓语动词.docx

1、第二讲非谓语动词12021全国乙卷Minimize the impact of _ (visit) the place.22021北京卷From 2000 to 2019，there were 7，348 major natural disasters around the world，_ (result) in USD 2，970 billion in economic loss.32021天津3月卷Chinas National Highway 318, _ (extend) over 5，000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is

2、 known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.42020北京卷A piece of stone _ (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. 52020浙江卷Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _ (change)

3、 lives. 考点研析多维讲练 考点一 非谓语动词的形式及意义非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeing表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或基本上同时发生完成完成式having doinghaving beening doing表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去过去分词一般式done与句中主语为逻

4、辑上的被动关系，表完成2020天津卷Completed in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界的想象力。Having been fired by the company, the man now has difficulties in supporting his family.被公司解雇了，这位男士现在难以养活他的家庭。There are sti

5、ll many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。考点二 非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。2020天津卷To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议我们通读笔记。202

6、0全国卷Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.中国的研究者希望使用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地。(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做)；too. to do. (太而不能)；so/such. as to. (如此以至于)等。Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to

7、 find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its orig

8、inal condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。2分词作状语现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。2020江苏卷Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。Ordered over a week ago, the books are expected to

9、arrive any time now.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。名师指津部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的：located (坐落于), lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦的), fa

10、ced with(面对着)。3独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking, talking of, speaking of, judging from/by, taking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank，to tell(you)the truth, to be honest, to make things worse 等。Judging from his accent

11、, he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他来自香港。To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.说实话，我有点累。4独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。(1)独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。(2)独立主格结构的常见构成：名词/代词分词；名词/代词不定式；with/without

12、名词/代词分词/不定式。Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow.明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。The test finished(When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。即学即练(单句语法填空)12022云南师范大学附中适应性考试 Music has no obvious adaptive function, _ (make) scientists who study music wonder what forces originally

13、gave rise to it.22022江西省九校高三下学期联考 Due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), people all over the world are wearing masks _ (reduce) the risk of infection.32021浙江卷6月A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Marys sister, Frances Todd Wa

14、llace, often came over _ (plant)flowers in the front yard.42022邢台模拟 _(locate) in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house is big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.考点三 非谓语动词作定语1.不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Suddenly a good idea occurred

15、 to her，but she couldnt find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact,

16、excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。2分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式：现在分词、being过去分词、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，

17、用being过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表示被动。2021浙江卷1月In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。名师指津非谓语动词作定语

18、的解题思路表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较：The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky.The bridge being built now was designed by a local compa

19、ny.The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important. 即学即练(单句语法填空)12022日照校际联考 Its a very _ (worry) picture of risk and urgent need for action.22022潍坊二模Freud was one of the first scientists _ (make) serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities _ (base) in t

20、he brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.32022南昌市二模 COVID-19 has the potential _(wipe) out different kinds of apes if humans dont take steps to prevent its spread.42022河南省高考适应性练习 As darkness falls, the best place _ (witness) the city is on the wall, where one cant help but imagine th

21、e distant past. 考点四 非谓语动词作宾语1.只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen (碰巧)等。2021全国乙卷Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommod

22、ations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.这里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。2只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：admit, avoid, consider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ；have fun (in) do

23、ing sth. 等结构中也用动名词作宾语。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。Its quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim?今天很热。你想去游泳吗？3接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：That would mean wasting a lot of labour.那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。Really？I dont mean to waste any labour.是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力。名师指津(1

24、)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。(3)介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。即学即

25、练(单句语法填空)12021全国卷 After _ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!22022武汉市质量检测 We paced around to avoid _ (get) frostbite (冻伤)as the temperature stayed close to -30 C and our drill

26、 batteries became too cold to work.考点五 非谓语动词作宾补1.不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。If we expect people

27、to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。(1)有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或

28、主补。Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。(2)在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thoughtto do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。The president was reported to have visited China.据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。2分词作宾补(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动

29、动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, make, l

30、et, get), find, leave, keep等。He found himself surrounded by so many strangers.他发现自己周围有那么多陌生人。(3)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：have sth. doneget sth. done让别人做某事；have sb./sth. doing让一直做某事；get sth./sb. doing 使开始做某事；have sb. do sth. get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。Before driving into the city, you are required

31、to get your car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。(4)with的复合结构：with宾语doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；with宾语done表示被动或完成；with宾语to do表示将要发生的动作。The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesnt

32、 seem likely that John will finish the job.截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。With a lot of work to do, she wasnt allowed to leave her office.由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。即学即练(单句语法填空)12022海南中学高三第五次模拟 What the scientists did on Change-5 paid off at last, which inspires more and more Chinese people _ (devote) themse

33、lves to further space research.22020全国卷Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times _ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.32020浙江高考1月卷The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30tod

34、ay it is 41 and is expected _ (increase) to 42 by 2050.考点六 非谓语动词作主语和表语1.不定式作主语和表语(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。2021全国甲卷It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers.步行或骑行这完整的14千米是可能的。(2)不定式作表语时：表示预定要发生的动作；当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；主语

35、为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。What I want to do most in senior high school is to improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。2动名词作主语和表语(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：Its a waste of time doing.; Its no use/good doing.; It is useless

36、 doing.; There is no point doing. 等。Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。Its no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。My job is cleaning the house thr

37、ee times a week.Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。(3)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待；留待”时，后常接to be done。She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committees pol

38、icy can be put into practice.新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。即学即练(单句语法填空)1_ (map) the distribution of cave species could act as additional evidence for researchers investigating past climate conditions.22022辽宁省“名校交流”联考 Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results so far are _ (encourage).小试牛刀.语法填

39、空2022昆明市“三诊一模”高考模拟The Nobel Prize is one of the most famous prizes in the world.The prizes were first awarded on December 10，1901.That was five years after the death of Alfred Nobel，the 1._ (create) of the prizes.For many years，prizes were awarded in physics，chemistry，medicine，literature，and peace.A

40、 2._ (six) award for economics was created in 1968.Marie Curie was the first woman 3._ (receive) the award，in 1903 in physics.She 4._ (share) the award with her husband and another scientist.In 1911，she was awarded the prize in chemistry.Curie is one of the only two people ever to win Nobel Prizes i

41、n different areas.5._ (surprising)，her daughter Irne also won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.They were the only mother-daughter pair to have won the prize.The prize committees are made up 6._ famous scholars and scientists.Nobel prize winners 7._ (choose) very carefully.The voting is top secret.Prizes

42、 are presented to the winners every year on December 10.The prize winners are some of the most important people in the world. 8._ (win) the award helps them continue their work.The Nobel Foundation awards cash，a diploma 9._ a gold medal to each prize winner.The cash amount changes based on 10._ it i

43、s given to one individual or shared among a group of people.写作运用补全下面写作， 注意动词的运用。Dear Smith，How are you doing? Im writing 1._ (邀请你参加我们将于6月1日在学校体育场举行的英语晚会), which is a good chance 2. _ (展现你的英语才能) and motivate students interest in English learning. During the party you will have a feast of varieties of

44、 3. _ (我们自己准备的英语活动), including 4._ (背英语诗歌)and singing famous English songs, which I think will surely give you a big surprise. Besides, Id like to remind you that the party starts at 6: 30 pm and ends at 8: 00 pm, so please come on time if it is convenient for you. Looking forward to 5._ (与你分享聚会中的愉快

45、时光)!Yours，Li Hua第二讲非谓语动词高考感悟1答案与解析：visiting考查非谓语动词。在介词of后应接动名词(doing)作宾语。故填visiting。2答案与解析：resulting考查非谓语动词。result in USD 2，970 billion in economic loss在句中做结果状语。故填resulting。3答案与解析：extending考查非谓语动词。句意：中国318国道，从上海延伸至西藏樟木，全长5 000多千米，因其令人惊叹的景色而被誉为“天路”。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，故空处为非谓语动词，与句子的主语Chinas National Hi

46、ghway 318是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词。4答案与解析：found考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。5答案与解析：to change考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave，故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。考点研析多维讲练考点二1答案与解析：making分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词

47、形式，与上文整个句子构成主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作结果状语。2答案与解析：to reduce句意：由于新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发，世界各地的人们都戴口罩，以降低感染风险。分析句子结构可知，reduce在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语应用不定式。3答案与解析：to plant考查非谓语动词。此处表示经常过来种花。此处为目的状语。故填to plant。4答案与解析：Located考查非谓语动词。be located in.意为“坐落于”，为固定短语，在句中作状语。故填Located。考点三1答案与解析：worrying考查非谓语动词。修饰后文名词picture，应用动词ing形式的形容词，

48、作定语。2答案与解析：to makebased考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词。由第一个空前的the first可知，应用动词不定式作定语； 第二个空格base与activities之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。3答案与解析：to wipe句意：如果人类不采取措施阻止COVID-19的传播，COVID-19有可能消灭各种类人猿。have the potential to do sth.表示“有可能做某事”，所以空处为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰potential。4答案与解析：to witness考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处用作定语，因其所修饰的名词前有最高级

49、修饰，所以应用不定式作定语。考点四1答案与解析：spending考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词，后应接动词的-ing形式。2答案与解析：getting句意：由于温度保持在-30 C附近并且我们的钻机电池变得太冷而无法工作，因此我们四处走动以避免冻伤。avoid doing“避免做某事”，用动名词作宾语。考点五1答案与解析：to devote句意：科学家们在“嫦娥五号”上所做的最终得到了回报，它激励着越来越多的中国人致力于进一步的太空研究。结合句意表示“激励某人做某事”可知短语为inspire sb. to do sth.。2答案与解析：decorated句中them指代前句中的oran

50、ge trees，且decorate与them之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。3答案与解析：to increase此处是be expected to do sth. “被预计做某事”结构，故此处填不定式作主语补足语，填to increase。考点六1答案与解析：Mapping考查动名词。 句意：绘制洞穴物种的分布图可以作为研究人员调查过去气候条件的额外证据。所给词map做动词，含义为“描绘，绘制地图”，在句中做主语，应使用动名词形式，且位于句首。2答案与解析：encouraging句意：生物打印可能是一个相对较新的领域，但迄今为止的结果令人鼓舞。根据上

51、文are可知应填形容词encouraging作表语，表示“令人鼓舞”，修饰物。小试牛刀.语法填空【语篇解读】本文是说明文。介绍了诺贝尔奖的发展史、历史中有重要意义的获奖者以及评奖的规则。1答案与解析：creator考查词性转换。根据空前的“the”可知，此处需用名词且作Alfred Nobel的同位语。故填creator。2答案与解析：sixth考查数词。根据空后的“award”是单数可知，此处应用序数词。故填sixth。3答案与解析：to receive考查非谓语动词。sb. is the first man to do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人是第一个做某事的人”。故填to rece

52、ive。4答案与解析：shared考查时态。根据上句中的“in 1903”可知，此空需用一般过去时。故填shared。5答案与解析：Surprisingly考查词性转换。修饰句子应用副词作状语。故填Surprisingly。6答案与解析：of考查介词。be made up of是固定短语，意为“由构成”。故填of。7答案与解析：are chosen考查时态语态。此处讲诺贝尔奖获奖者的产生，与谓语动词之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时；主语为“获奖者”，与谓语动词之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故此空应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are chosen。8答案与解析：Winning/To win考查非谓

53、语动词。此句谓语动词是“helps”，故此空应用非谓语动词，可使用动名词短语作主语表示这件事，亦可用不定式作主语表示目的。故填Winning/To win。9答案与解析：and考查连词。cash、a diploma和a gold medal是三个并列的成分。故填and。10答案与解析：whether考查宾语从句。根据空后的“or”可知，此处表达“是还是”。故填whether。.写作运用1答案：to invite you to our English party to be held on June 1st at the school stadium2答案：to display your English talent3答案：English activities well prepared by ourselves4答案：reciting English poems5答案：sharing with you the pleasant time in the party