2023届新教材高考英语全程一轮复习 第八讲 定语从句和名词性从句.docx

1、专题四并列句、三大从句和特殊句式第八讲定语从句和名词性从句一、定语从句12021浙江卷1月BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 22020全国卷In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.32020北京卷Some university students carried out a campaign _they spe

2、nt their whole day without cell phones.42020江苏卷Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free.5北京卷 The students benefiting most from college are those _ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life，taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源).6全国卷Now Irene

3、 Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_ she opened with her late husband Les. 考点研析多维讲练 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语2020天津卷Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all

4、 his own typing.罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me.上个星期我从图书馆借了夏洛克福尔摩斯这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.有些成功的语言学习者，在其他领域常常会失败。2只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况(1)先行

5、词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是

6、象鼻山。(3)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。(4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.

7、他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。3as和which的区别关系代词as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般情况下二者可互换使用，但有下列区别：(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后，as引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。As anybody can see, a computer can do almost everything people can.A computer can do almost everything people can，as anybody can see.任何人都明白，计算机几乎能做

8、人所能做的一切事。Therefore, this time I will introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese.因此，这次我将向你介绍唐诗，这将非常有助于你学习汉语。(2)as常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。She passe

9、d the exam, as was expected.她通过了考试，这是预料之中的事。名师指津 (1)whom、which、that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式：such名词as(像一样的，像之类的)；the same名词as(和同样的)。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。即学即练(单句语法填空)12022山西太原高三押宝题 Because of the great increase in

10、 rainfall, rivers are full of water, _ gives rise to great tasting fish and shrimps.22022广东高考模拟测试二The Rio Carnival is without doubt something _ everyone should add to his or her bucket list.32020天津卷 _ is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjo

11、y quiet reading.考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词或抽象名词(situation, point, activity，case, stage等)地点状语whythe reason原因状语We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。Students should involve themselves in community activi

12、ties where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参加社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。名师指津当先行词为situation、case、stage、point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。即学即练(单句语法填空)12022云南师大附中高三热身 Two other letters are from a father to his children in Torquay, _ the museum believes they may have escaped.22020天津卷 Mr. Smith o

13、wned this oil painting until the early 1990s, _ he gave it to his grandson.3天津高考Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences.考点三 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1. “介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school ed

14、ucation depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.在9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。2“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级ofwhich/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得

15、到证实。Many young people，most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。3. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the名词of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the名词of whom”。The newly-built caf， the walls of which (whose walls) are painted light green, is really a pea

16、ceful place for us, especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。即学即练(单句语法填空)12021天津卷3月 William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from _ we can learn without repeating them.2Hua Mulan, the story of _ has been told by generations in China, is a

17、fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534).小试牛刀.语法填空2022济南高三模拟The origin of facial makeup used in Peking opera can date back to more than 1，400 years ago，1._ leading actors used to wear masks.As the operatic arts developed，2._ (perform) gradually took off their masks and painted colorful patter

18、ns on their faces instead，so people could better see 3._ (they) facial expressions.Chinese opera facial makeup is a special makeup method 4._ Chinese cultural characteristics.5_ painting technique for Chinese facial makeup in dramas is closely related to the characters personality.Over the years of

19、development，it 6._ (become) an important part of Chinese culture.There 7._ (be) four roles in facial makeup，sheng，dan，jing，and chou.Chinese facial makeup is 8._ (extreme) stylized in the colors and patterns used，but no two painted faces are alike.For example，there are more than 100 face-painting sty

20、les 9._ (design) for Xiang Yu，the hero in Farewell My Concubine，and each one is different.Various types of Chinese facial makeup enable the audience 10._ (know) a character easily and get more involved in the appreciation of the performance.写作运用补全下面写作， 注意定语从句的运用。1_(众所周知), high school life is an impo

21、rtant turning point and 2. _(高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所). My classmates and I decided to do something for the coming graduation. Having had a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record 3. _(我们在校经历). Material collecting took us a whole week, 4._ _(在此期间， 我们采访了我们的老师， 并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面). Some compromis

22、es were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect. 5. _(播放录像的那一天), it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time, 6. _(这当然给了我们很大的成就感). 二、名词性从句12021新高考卷Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song “The Long and Winding Road”. _ is so breathtaking about the

23、 experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.22021北京卷The poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about _ she lived.3全国卷While they are rare north of 88， there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.42021天津3月卷What puzzles Lilys friends

24、is _ she always has so many crazy ideas. 考点研析多维讲练 考点一 主语从句1.主语从句的引导词引导词作用连接词that, whether, if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what, who, whom，which, whichever，whatever, whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when, where，how, why在从句中作状语When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。Wher

25、e Professor Han was born is known to the public.韩教授出生的地方人人皆知。What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。名师指津(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们是亲姐妹。(2)whether与if引导主语从句的

26、区别：主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水在于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。It remains to be seen whether/if this idea can be put into practice.这一

27、想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。2形式主语it作形式主语的常见句型：(1)Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)that从句(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)that从句(3)Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported等)that从句(4)It不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)that从句It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two th

28、ousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。考点二 表语从句1.表语从句的引导词引导词作用连接词that, whether只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what, who, whom, which，whichever, whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when, where

29、, how, why在从句中作状语The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。This is where we usually think its easier to just give up.这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。名师指津if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。2as if/as though引导表语从句as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem, appear

30、, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。3其他常考的表语从句(1)This/That/It is why表语从句(表示结果)“这/那就是的原因”(2)This/That/It is because表语

31、从句(表示原因)“这/那是因为”(3)The reason why. is that表语从句“的原因是”即学即练(单句语法填空)12022厦门市质量检测 However, recent research from Harvard Medical School has shown that, on average, approximately 4，400 steps a day is enough to significantly reduce the risk of death in women. This was _ it was compared to only walking aroun

32、d 2，700 steps daily.22020江苏卷It is not a problem _ we can win the battle; its just a matter of time.32022合肥质检It is estimated _ coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to the world economy annually, providing food，protection of shorelines, and jobs.考点三 宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词引导词作用连接词that, whether, if只起连接作用，

33、不在从句中作成分连接代词what, who, whom，which，whichever，whatever, whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when, where, how, why在从句中作状语Im writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。We promise whoever attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with t

34、he movie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。I dont know whether to set off for Beijing or not.我不知道是否出发去北京。名师指津(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；宾语从句前有插入语时；that引导的从句位于句首时。(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只能用whether，不能用if。2形式宾语宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情

35、况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/makeit宾补(形容词或名词)不定式/从句(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoyit从句(3)短语动词see to/depend on/rely onit从句(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb. that从句Most of us young men take it for granted that parents do everything for us.我们大部分年轻人认为

36、父母为我们做的一切是理所当然的。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.当你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。3宾语从句的时态一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即主句是一般现在时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；主句为过去的某种时态，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。即学即练(单句语法填空)12022陕西省宝鸡市高三联考 But there is some debate over _ it was NOLA or Mobile, Alabama t

37、hat had the first Mardi Gras back in the 1700s.22022福建泉州高三质检 The father and his son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat _ food they could find there.32020天津7月高考改编 The student completed this experiment to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said.42022大连市二模 It is likely _ FAST will help mak

38、e many new Nobel-level discoveries.考点四 同位语从句1.同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分，但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether, when, where, why, how等引导。2接同位语从句的常见名词：fact, news, idea, truth, hope, evidence, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, word(消息)等。I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in

39、high school，would be different.我对自己做出承诺：今年我上高中的第一年将会与以往不同。I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information.我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的他的信息。即学即练(单句语法填空)12022遵义航天中学模拟And you should also have a belief _ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.2The manager put forwar

40、d a suggestion_ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.32022湖北部分重点中学联考This should serve as a warning _ people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.小试牛刀.语法填空2022河南省高三联考Last week, 100 restaurants across Shanghai advocated the use of serving utensils

41、(器具), as it is a key point for the control and 1._ (prevent) of the COVID-19.Chinese people often eat together and share their 2._ (dish) with others. The new system suggests 3._ (add) separate chopsticks and spoons for serving when people dine together. Such a change of etiquette (礼仪) allows diners

42、 4._ (avoid) using their own chopsticks to pick food from the plates, and therefore 5._ (great) reduces the chances of spread of many diseases.Many restaurants 6._ (adopt) the policy after the Municipal Office for Civilized Society published the suggestion, 7._ also encourages the public to use sepa

43、rate utensils for shared food at home.According to Qu Qi, a person in charge 8._ a restaurant in Xuhui district, a sign 9._ (put) up on the tables to inform people of the importance of using serving utensils, since the start of business on February 21. The waiters and waitresses are also trained to

44、supply a separate spoon or pair of chopsticks for the diners. So far, 10._ service has been well accepted by the majority of the public.This will be a long term measure. In the future, each diner on the table will have their own serving chopsticks and spoons so as to prevent sharing of any manner of

45、 viruses and bacteria.写作运用补全下面写作， 注意名词性从句的运用。The Moment I Take Pride inWhere there is a will, there is a way. When I began to learn to cook three years ago, I failed many times. But in the end, 1._(我所做的饭菜很可口), because I carried on with it. The first dish was fried eggs. At first, 2. _(我不好控制油的温度). In

46、 order to learn it well, I wasted a great number of eggs. I never gave up until I fried eggs better. 3_(我学做饭的原因是让我妈妈做完工作后可以休息). I will keep the moment in my heart. 专题四并列句、三大从句和特殊句式第八讲定语从句和名词性从句一、定语从句高考感悟1答案与解析：that/which考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语。故填that/

47、which。2答案与解析：whose考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。3答案与解析：where考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为campaign，空格处在从句中作地点状语。故填where。4答案与解析：which考查定语从句。句意：现在许多课程都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中选择免费课程。分析该句结构可知，介词from和空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Many lessons。故填which。5答案与解析：who/that考查定语从句的引导词

48、。先行词为those，指大学生们，故用who引导定语从句，who在从句中作主语。关系代词that可以指人，填that也可以。6答案与解析：whichthe pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语。故用which引导非限制性定语从句。考点研析多维讲练考点一1答案与解析：which考查定语从句。句意：由于降雨量的大量增加，河流水量充沛，这就产生了美味的鱼和虾。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指代前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。2答案与解析：that考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为不定代词something，应用关系代词t

49、hat引导从句，在从句中作宾语。3答案与解析：Asas置于句首引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”。考点二1答案与解析：where句意：另外两封信是一位父亲写给他在托基的孩子们的，博物馆认为他们可能已经逃到了托基。 “_ the museum believes they may have escaped.”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Torquay，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。2答案与解析：when句意：史密斯先生保管这幅油画直到20世纪90年代初，那时他才把它给了他的孙子。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the early 1990s,

50、并在从句中作时间状语。故填when。 3答案与解析：where句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。分析句子结构可知设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the stage，表抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。考点三1答案与解析：which句意：William Hastie曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，以免重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知，该句为介词提前的定语从句。故填which指代先行词past mistakes。2答案与解析：whom定语从句先行词是Hua Mulan, 指人，关系词在从句中作介词of 的

51、宾语，应用关系代词whom引导定语从句。小试牛刀.语法填空【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了戏剧脸谱的起源、特点等。1答案与解析：when考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示时间的“1，400 years ago”，关系词在从句中作时间状语。所以空处应该填when。2答案与解析：performers考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的主语，根据下文中的“their masks and painted colorful patterns on their faces”可知，主语应该为名词复数。所以空处应填performers。3答案与解析：their考

52、查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词短语facial expressions，需要用形容词性物主代词。所以空处需要填their。4答案与解析：with考查介词。根据句意“中国戏剧脸谱是一种具有中国文化特色的特别的化妆技术”可知。空处应该填with “具有；带有”。5答案与解析：The考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处特指中国戏剧脸谱中的绘画技巧。所以空处需要填The。6答案与解析：has become考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处是本句的谓语动词，结合时间状语Over the years of development可知，本句需要用现在完成时；主语it为第三人称单数。所以空处

53、需要填has become。7答案与解析：are考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为there be句型。结合语境可知，此处介绍脸谱的角色，需要用一般现在时；又因为后面的名词短语four roles为复数。所以空处需要填are。8答案与解析：extremely考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的形容词stylized，需要用副词。所以空处需要填extremely。9答案与解析：designed考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作后置定语，与被修饰词facepainting styles之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。所以空处需要填designed。10答案与解析：to kn

54、ow 考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达enable sb. to do sth.，意为“使某人能够做某事”。所以空处需要填to know。.写作运用1答案：As is universally known2答案：high school campus is an important place where students study and live3答案：our experiences at school4答案：during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life5答案

55、：That day when the video was played6答案：which surely gave us a great sense of achievement二、名词性从句高考感悟1答案与解析：What考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，本空引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，意为“的事物”。本空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填What。2答案与解析：where考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，本空引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，意为“的地方”。故填where。3答案与解析：that考查同位语从句。本句含有一个同位语从句，解释了名词evidence的具体内容，空

56、格处在从句中不充当成分，也无意义。所以用that。4答案与解析：why考查表语从句连接词。句意：令Lily的朋友困惑的是，为什么她总是有如此多疯狂的想法。根据puzzles可知，此处表示疑问。考点研析多维讲练考点二1答案与解析：when表语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，根据句意可知，此处是指这是与每天只走2 700步相比的时候，平均每天大约4 400步足以显著降低女性的死亡风险。所以应用when引导表语从句。2答案与解析：whether/if句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。it是形式主语，whether/if引导的从句是真正的主语。it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用wh

57、ether/if引导均可。3答案与解析：that考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，it在句中作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句结构和意义完整。故填that。考点三1答案与解析：whether考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，根据后文“it was NOLA or Mobile”可知为whether. or.，表示“是还是”。2答案与解析：whatever句意：这对父子在山里迷路了，不得不吃他们在那里能找到的任何食物。whatever food意为“任何食物”，在从句中作动词find的宾语。3答案与解析：what考查宾语从句。句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现

58、实。空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作said的宾语。故填what。 4答案与解析：that句意：FAST很可能会帮助许多新的诺贝尔级别的发现。此处为句型“it be likely that.”，表示“可能”，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。考点四1答案与解析：that考查同位语从句。belief后为同位语从句。故填that。2答案与解析：that考查同位语从句。suggestion后为同位语从句。故填that。3答案与解析：that考查同位语从句。warning后是同位语从句，设空处后的句子无论是结构还是意思都是完整的，设空处所填的词只起连接作用，没有任何实际意义。故填that。小试牛

59、刀.语法填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。在目前新型冠状病毒疫情防控形势下，上海100家餐馆倡议在就餐时使用公筷公勺。公筷公勺最大的好处是能减少交叉污染、防止病从口入。1答案与解析：prevention考查名词。句意：这是控制和阻止新冠肺炎的重要一点。空前的连词and连接的是两个由定冠词the修饰的名词。故此处用所给词的名词形式。2答案与解析：dishes考查名词复数。句意：中国人通常在一块吃饭，并共同享用菜肴。dish是可数名词，且在此处由their修饰。故此处用所给词的复数。3答案与解析：adding考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处用所给词的动名词形式做suggest的宾语，sug

60、gest doing“建议做某事”。4答案与解析：to avoid考查非谓语动词。句意：这样一种礼仪上的变化允许就餐者避免用自己的筷子从盘子里夹菜，因此，极大地减少了疾病的传播。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，此处为动词不定式作宾语补足语。5答案与解析：greatly考查副词。句意：这样一种礼仪上的变化允许就餐者避免用自己的筷子从盘子里夹菜，因此，极大地减少了疾病的传播。此处用所给词的副词形式修饰动词reduces。6答案与解析：adopted考查动词时态。句意：很多饭店在市文明社会办公室公布这一建议之后采用了这项政策。根据句中after引导的时间状语从句判断，时态

61、是一般过去时。故此处用所给词的过去式。7答案与解析：which考查定语从句。句意：很多饭店在市文明社会办公室公布这一建议之后采用了这项政策，这也鼓励公众在家里分享食物的时候使用分开的器具。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语且先行词为suggestion。故此处用关系代词which。8答案与解析：of考查介词。句意：根据负责徐汇区一家饭店的屈奇所说，从2月21号开始营业以来，一个标志牌已经被摆放在桌子上告知人们使用服务餐具的重要性。 in charge of意为“主管，负责”。9答案与解析：has been put考查动词时态及语态。根据句中的since the s

62、tart of business on February 21可判断，用现在完成时；a sign与put之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态。10答案与解析：the考查冠词。句意：到目前为止，这项服务被大部分公众所接受。此处特指“提供公共餐具的这种服务”，故用定冠词。.写作运用1答案：what was cooked by me was very delicious2答案：it was difficult for me to control the temperature of oil3答案：The reason why I learned to cook was that my mother could rest after she finished her work